2 /-----------------------------------------------------------------------------\
4 | yosys -- Yosys Open SYnthesis Suite |
6 | Copyright (C) 2012 Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at> |
8 | Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any |
9 | purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above |
10 | copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. |
12 | THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES |
13 | WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF |
14 | MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR |
15 | ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES |
16 | WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN |
17 | ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF |
18 | OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. |
20 \-----------------------------------------------------------------------------/
23 yosys -- Yosys Open SYnthesis Suite
24 ===================================
26 This is a framework for RTL synthesis tools. It currently has
27 extensive Verilog-2005 support and provides a basic set of
28 synthesis algorithms for various application domains.
30 Yosys can be adapted to perform any synthesis job by combining
31 the existing passes (algorithms) using synthesis scripts and
32 adding additional passes as needed by extending the yosys C++
35 Yosys is free software licensed under the ISC license (a GPL
36 compatible license that is similar in terms to the MIT license
37 or the 2-clause BSD license).
43 More information and documentation can be found on the Yosys web site:
45 http://www.clifford.at/yosys/
51 You need a C++ compiler with C++11 support (up-to-date CLANG or GCC is
52 recommended) and some standard tools such as GNU Flex, GNU Bison, and GNU Make.
53 The Qt4 library is needed for the yosys SVG viewer, that is used to display
54 schematics, the minisat library is required for the SAT features in yosys
55 and TCL for the scripting functionality. The extensive test suite requires
56 Icarus Verilog. For example on Ubuntu Linux 12.04 LTS the following commands
57 will install all prerequisites for building yosys:
59 $ sudo apt-get install git
60 $ sudo apt-get install g++
61 $ sudo apt-get install clang
62 $ sudo apt-get install make
63 $ sudo apt-get install bison
64 $ sudo apt-get install flex
65 $ sudo apt-get install libreadline-dev
66 $ sudo apt-get install tcl8.5-dev
67 $ sudo apt-get install minisat
68 $ sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev
69 $ sudo apt-get install libqt4-dev
70 $ sudo apt-get install mercurial
71 $ sudo apt-get install iverilog
72 $ sudo apt-get install graphviz
74 To configure the build system to use a specific set of compiler and
75 build configuration, use one of
77 $ make config-clang-debug
78 $ make config-gcc-debug
81 For other compilers and build configurations it might be
82 necessary to make some changes to the config section of the
87 To build Yosys simply type 'make' in this directory.
93 If you encounter any problems during build, make sure to check the section
94 "Workarounds for known build problems" at the end of this README file.
96 Note that this also downloads, builds and installs ABC (using yosys-abc
99 Yosys can be used with the interactive command shell, with
100 synthesis scripts or with command line arguments. Let's perform
101 a simple synthesis job using the interactive command shell:
106 the command "help" can be used to print a list of all available
107 commands and "help <command>" to print details on the specified command:
111 reading the design using the verilog frontend:
113 yosys> read_verilog tests/simple/fiedler-cooley.v
115 writing the design to the console in yosys's internal format:
119 convert processes ("always" blocks) to netlist elements and perform
120 some simple optimizations:
124 display design netlist using the yosys svg viewer:
128 the same thing using 'gv' as postscript viewer:
130 yosys> show -format ps -viewer gv
132 translating netlist to gate logic and perform some simple optimizations:
136 write design netlist to a new verilog file:
138 yosys> write_verilog synth.v
140 a similar synthesis can be performed using yosys command line options only:
142 $ ./yosys -o synth.v -p proc -p opt -p techmap -p opt tests/simple/fiedler-cooley.v
144 or using a simple synthesis script:
147 read_verilog tests/simple/fiedler-cooley.v
148 proc; opt; techmap; opt
149 write_verilog synth.v
153 It is also possible to only have the synthesis commands but not the read/write
154 commands in the synthesis script:
157 proc; opt; techmap; opt
159 $ ./yosys -o synth.v tests/simple/fiedler-cooley.v synth.ys
161 The following synthesis script works reasonable for all designs:
163 # check design hierarchy
166 # translate processes (always blocks) and memories (arrays)
169 # detect and optimize FSM encodings
172 # convert to gate logic
175 If ABC is enabled in the Yosys build configuration and a cell library is given
176 in the liberty file mycells.lib, the following synthesis script will synthesize
177 for the given cell library:
179 # the high-level stuff
180 hierarchy; proc; memory; opt; fsm; opt
182 # mapping to internal cell library
185 # mapping flip-flops to mycells.lib
186 dfflibmap -liberty mycells.lib
188 # mapping logic to mycells.lib
189 abc -liberty mycells.lib
194 If you do not have a liberty file but want to test this synthesis script,
195 you can use the file techlibs/cmos/cmos_cells.lib from the yosys sources.
197 Yosys is under construction. A more detailed documentation will follow.
200 Unsupported Verilog-2005 Features
201 =================================
203 The following Verilog-2005 features are not supported by
204 yosys and there are currently no plans to add support
207 - Non-sythesizable language features as defined in
208 IEC 62142(E):2005 / IEEE Std. 1364.1(E):2002
210 - The "tri", "triand", "trior", "wand" and "wor" net types
212 - The "config" keyword and library map files
214 - The "disable", "primitive" and "specify" statements
216 - Latched logic (is synthesized as logic with feedback loops)
219 Verilog Attributes and non-standard features
220 ============================================
222 - The 'full_case' attribute on case statements is supported
223 (also the non-standard "// synopsys full_case" directive)
225 - The 'parallel_case' attribute on case statements is supported
226 (also the non-standard "// synopsys parallel_case" directive)
228 - The "// synopsys translate_off" and "// synopsys translate_on"
229 directives are also supported (but the use of `ifdef .. `endif
230 is strongly recommended instead).
232 - The "nomem2reg" attribute on modules or arrays prohibits the
233 automatic early conversion of arrays to separate registers.
235 - The "mem2reg" attribute on modules or arrays forces the early
236 conversion of arrays to separate registers.
238 - The "nolatches" attribute on modules or always-blocks
239 prohibits the generation of logic-loops for latches. Instead
240 all not explicitly assigned values default to x-bits. This does
241 not affect clocked storage elements such as flip-flops.
243 - The "nosync" attribute on registers prohibits the generation of a
244 storage element. The register itself will always have all bits set
245 to 'x' (undefined). The variable may only be used as blocking assigned
246 temporary variable within an always block. This is mostly used internally
247 by yosys to synthesize verilog functions and access arrays.
249 - The "blackbox" attribute on modules is used to mark empty stub modules
250 that have the same ports as the real thing but do not contain information
251 on the internal configuration. This modules are only used by the synthesis
252 passes to identify input and output ports of cells. The verilog backend
253 also does not output blackbox modules on default.
255 - The "keep" attribute on cells and wires is used to mark objects that should
256 never be removed by the optimizer. This is used for example for cells that
257 have hidden connections that are not part of the netlist, such as IO pads.
259 - The "init" attribute on wires is set by the frontend when a register is
260 initialized "FPGA-style" with 'reg foo = val'. It can be used during synthesis
261 to add the necessary reset logic.
263 - The "top" attribute on a module marks this module as the top of the
264 design hierarchy. The "hierarchy" command sets this attribute when called
265 with "-top". Other commands, such as "flatten" and various backends
266 use this attribute to determine the top module.
268 - In addition to the (* ... *) attribute syntax, yosys supports
269 the non-standard {* ... *} attribute syntax to set default attributes
270 for everything that comes after the {* ... *} statement. (Reset
271 by adding an empty {* *} statement.)
274 Workarounds for known build problems
275 ====================================
277 You might get an error message like this one during build when building with
278 a recent version of gcc:
280 /usr/include/minisat/utils/Options.h:285:29: error:
281 unable to find string literal operator ‘operator"" PRIi64’
283 This is a bug in the minisat header. It can be fixed by adding spaces before
284 and after each occurrence of PRIi64 in the header file:
286 sudo sed -i 's/PRIi64/ & /' /usr/include/minisat/utils/Options.h
289 Roadmap / Large-scale TODOs
290 ===========================
292 - Verification and Regression Tests
293 - VlogHammer: http://www.clifford.at/yosys/vloghammer.html
294 - yosys-bigsim: https://github.com/cliffordwolf/yosys-bigsim
296 - Technology mapping for real-world applications
297 - Add bit-wise const-folding via cell parameters to techmap pass
298 - Rewrite current stdcells.v techmap rules (modular and clean)
299 - Improve Xilinx FGPA synthesis (RAMB, CARRY4, SLR, etc.)
301 - Implement SAT-based formal equivialence checker
302 - Rewrite freduce pass with input-cone analysis
303 - Write equiv pass, base hypothesis on input cones
305 - Re-implement Verilog frontend (far future)
306 - cleaner (easier to use, harder to use wrong) AST format
307 - pipeline of well structured AST transformations
308 - true contextual name lookup
314 - Implement missing Verilog 2005 features:
316 - Multi-dimensional arrays
317 - ROM modeling using $readmemh/$readmemb in "initial" blocks
318 - Ignore what needs to be ignored (e.g. drive and charge strengths)
319 - Check standard vs. implementation to identify missing features
321 - Miscellaneous TODO items:
323 - Add brief source code documentation to most passes and kernel code
324 - Implement mux-to-tribuf pass and rebalance mixed mux/tribuf trees
325 - Add more commands for changing the design (delete, add, modify objects)
326 - Add full support for $lut cell type (const evaluation, sat solving, etc.)
327 - Smarter resource sharing pass (add MUXes and get rid of duplicated cells)