2 * Add CR16 ELF --embedded-relocs (used to embedded relocations into binaries
3 for Embedded-PIC code) option.
5 * Add to the PE/PE+ targets the support of two different kinds of
6 pseudo-relocations. They can be selected by the switches
7 --enable-runtime-pseudo-reloc-v1 and --enable-runtime-pseudo-reloc-v2.
8 For the switch --enable-runtime-pseudo-reloc it uses for 32-bit
9 runtime pseudo relocation version one, for 64-bit the version two.
13 * Linker scripts support a new INSERT command that makes it easier to
14 augment the default script.
16 * Linker script input section filespecs may now specify a file within an
17 archive by writing "archive:file".
19 * The --sort-common switch now has an optional argument which specifies the
22 * The M68K linker now supports multiple GOT generation schemes controlled via
23 the --got=<type> command line option.
25 * The ARM EABI linker will now generate stubs for function calls to symbols
26 that are too far away. The placement of the stubs is controlled by a new
27 linker command line option: --stub-group-size=N.
31 * Linker sources now released under version 3 of the GNU General Public
34 * ELF: New --build-id option to generate a unique per-binary identifier
35 embedded in a note section.
37 * Added support for National Semicondutor CompactRISC (ie CR16) target.
39 * -l:foo now searches the library path for a filename called foo,
40 without converting it to libfoo.a or libfoo.so.
42 * Add a new command line option '--default-script=FILE' or '-dT FILE'
43 which specifies a replacement for the built in, default linker
46 * ELF: Add -Bsymbolic-functions, --dynamic-list-cpp-new, which puts C++
47 operator new and delete on the dynamic list, and --dynamic-list-data,
48 builtin list for --dynamic-list, which puts global data symbols on the
51 * Add support for x86_64 PE+ target.
53 * Add support for Score target.
55 * ELF: Add --dynamic-list option to specify a list of global symbols
56 whose references shouldn't be bound to the definition within the
57 shared library, or a list of symbols which should be added to the
58 symbol table in the executable.
60 * The default output section LMA has changed for allocatable sections from
61 being equal to VMA, to keeping the difference between LMA and VMA the same as
62 the previous output section in the same region. This is a more useful
63 default when using overlays and other cases where you specify an LMA
64 differing from the VMA for some sections.
66 * New switch: --print-gc-sections to list any sections removed by garabge
69 * ARM: Added --vfp11-denorm-fix option to work around an erratum in current
74 * Support for the Infineon XC16X has been added by KPIT Cummins Infosystems.
76 * Modify the Linux linker search order to better match ld.so search order.
77 Look for DT_NEEDED libraries in paths specified by ld.so.conf before
78 searching the default directories, rather than vice versa.
79 Use $prefix/etc/ld.so.conf if it exists, otherwise /etc/ld.so.conf.
81 * PE-COFF: Forward exports from DLL's can now be specified in .def files
82 passed directly to ld.
84 * Support for the Z80 processor family has been added.
86 * Add support for the "@<file>" syntax to the command line, so that extra
87 switches can be read from <file>.
91 * Support for the R_ARM_V4BX relocation as defined in the ARM AAELF
92 specification has been added via the --fix-v4bx command-line option.
94 * New linker script construct AS_NEEDED(), which sets the --as-needed flag
95 for input files listed inside of it.
97 * A new command-line option, --sysroot, can be used to override the
98 default sysroot location. It only applies to toolchains that were
99 configured using --with-sysroot.
101 * New linker script functions: ORIGIN() and LENGTH() which return information
102 about a specified memory region.
104 * Port to MAXQ processor contributed by HCL Tech.
106 * Added SEGMENT_START to the linker script language to permit the user to
107 override the base address for a segment from the command-line.
109 * ELF: --warn-shared-textrel option to warn if adding a DT_TEXTREL to a shared
112 * Added SORT_BY_NAME and SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT to the linker script
113 language to permit sorting sections by section name or section
116 * Added a new linker command line switch, --sort-section name|alignment,
117 to sort sections by section name or maximum alignment.
119 * ELF: --add-needed/--no-add-needed options to control if a DT_NEEDED tag
120 should be added when a shared library comes from DT_NEEDED tags.
122 * Support for the crx-elf target added.
124 * Support for the sh-symbianelf target added.
126 * A new linker command line switch has been added which allows the hash table
127 size to be set to a suitable prime value near to its argument. This switch
128 is --hash-size=<NUMBER>. Also if the switch --reduce-memory-overheads is
129 used, and --hash-size has not been used, then the default value will be set
132 * Linker map files are now generated with an O(N) algorithm for finding symbols
133 that are defined in each section. This uses about 40% more memory for
134 symbols than the old O(N^2) algorithm. You can use the new
135 --reduce-memory-overheads option to select the old algorithm; this option
136 might also be used in the future to select similar tradeoffs.
140 * ELF: --as-needed/--no-as-needed options to control if a DT_NEEDED tag should
141 be added only when a shared library is referenced.
143 * PE: --large-address-aware option to indicate executables support virtual
144 addresses greater than 2 gigabytes.
146 * DWARF 2 support for i386pe added.
148 * The linker script operator DEFINED() will now yield 1 only for a symbol that
149 is defined before the statement where DEFINED is used.
151 * The MIPS --embedded-relocs (used to embed relocations into binaries for
152 Embedded-PIC code) is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
154 * cr16c support added by NSC.
156 * m32r Linux (ELF) support added by Renesas.
158 * Improved linker's handling of unresolved symbols. The switch
159 --unresolved-symbols=<method> has been added to tell the linker when it
160 should report them and the switch --warn-unresolved-symbols has been added to
161 make reports be issued as warning messages rather than errors.
165 * Added support for Xtensa architecture.
167 * Added --with-sysroot configure switch to specify a target system root, for
168 linking against a target filesystem image.
170 * Added --accept-unknown-linker-format to restore old linker behaviour (pre
171 2.14) of silently accepting and linking in any files in an unknown binary
174 * Added --no-omagic to undo the effects of the -N option.
176 * Support for Texas Instruments TMS320C4x and TMS320C3x series of
177 DSP's contributed by Michael Hayes and Svein E. Seldal.
179 * Added --with-lib-path configure switch to specify default value for
182 * ARM port to QNX operating system added by Graeme Peterson.
184 * IP2K support added by Denis Chertykov.
188 * Support for the Fujitsu FRV architecture added by Red Hat. Models for FR400
191 Changes in version 2.13:
193 * DEC VAX ELF support, by Matt Thomas.
195 Changes in version 2.12:
197 * Support for Don Knuth's MMIX, by Hans-Peter Nilsson.
199 * Support for the OpenRISC 32-bit embedded processor by OpenCores.
201 * Support for -z nocopyreloc in the x86 ELF linker, which disables
202 production of copy relocs. Warning: using this option may result in
203 non-sharable applications.
205 * Support for -z combreloc in the ELF linker, which puts dynamic
206 relocations against the same symbol together, so that dynamic linker
207 can use an one-entry symbol lookup cache.
209 * Support for ELF SHF_MERGE section merging, by Jakub Jelinek.
211 Changes in version 2.11:
213 * Support for AMD x86-64 architecture, by Jan Hubicka, SuSE Labs.
215 * Support added for eliminating duplicate DWARF2 debug information by
216 having the compiler generate the information in sections called
217 .gnu.linkonce.wi.XXXX where XXXX is a checksum for the contents. The
218 linker then merges these sections together into the normal .debug_info
221 * The native ELF linker now searches the directories in DT_RUNPATH or
222 DT_RPATH of a shared library for shared libraries needed by it.
224 * TI C54x support, by Timothy Wall.
226 * Added command line switch --section-start to set the start address of any
229 * Added ability to emit full relocation information in linked executables,
230 enabled by --emit-relocs. Some post-linkage optimization tools need
231 this information in order to be able to correctly identify and perform
232 symbol relative addressing in the event of changes in section contents
233 (instructions being added or deleted, extending data sections, etc.)
235 * Support for i860, by Jason Eckhardt (preliminary, alpha quality).
237 * Support for CRIS (Axis Communications ETRAX series).
239 * Support for PDP-11 and 2.11BSD a.out format, by Lars Brinkhoff.
241 Changes in version 2.10:
243 * Added AT> to the linker script language to allow load-time allocation of
244 sections into regions.
246 * Added garbage collection of unused sections, enabled by --gc-sections.
247 It does require a bit of backend support; currently implemented are
248 arm-elf, avr-elf, d10v-elf, fr30-elf, i386-elf, m32r-elf, m68k-elf,
249 mcore-elf, mips-elf, mn10300-elf, ppc-elf, sh-elf, sparc-elf, and v850-elf.
250 Others will ignore the option.
252 * Added SORT to the linker script language to permit sorting sections by file
253 name or section name.
255 * Added EXTERN to the linker script language as an equivalent to the -u
258 * Added ASSERT to the linker script language.
260 * Added EXCLUDE_FILE to the linker script language for further control over
263 * Added -O option to optimize linker output (as of this writing, this only
264 affects ELF shared library generation).
266 * The -e option now accepts a number as well as a symbol name.
268 * Added --no-undefined option to disallow undefined symbols when creating a
271 * The linker now issues a warning, not an error, for an undefined symbol when
272 using -Bsymbolic; use the new --no-undefined option to get the old
275 * Added --demangle and --no-demangle options.
277 Changes in version 2.9:
279 * Added SQUAD to the linker script language.
281 * New option --no-warn-mismatch.
283 * The MEMORY command now parses the attributes to determine where sections that
284 are not placed in a specific memory region are placed.
286 Changes in version 2.8:
288 * Linker scripts may now contain shell wildcard characters for file and section
291 * The linker now supports symbol versions in ELF.
293 * The NOCROSSREFS command was added to the linker script language.
295 * The LOADADDR expression was added to the linker script language.
297 * MAX and MIN functions were added to the linker script language.
299 * The OVERLAY construct was added to the linker script language.
301 * New option --warn-section-align to warn when the address of an output section
302 changes due to alignment of an input section.
304 * New options --filter/-F and --auxiliary/-f.
306 Changes in version 2.7:
308 * New option --cref to print out a cross reference table.
310 * New option --wrap SYMBOL.
312 * New option --no-whole-archive, to turn off the effect of --whole-archive.
314 * Input sections assigned to the output section /DISCARD/ in the linker script
315 are not included in the output file.
317 * The SunOS and ELF linkers now merge stabs debugging information which uses
318 the N_BINCL and N_EINCL stab types. This reduces the amount of debugging
319 information generated.
321 Changes in version 2.6:
323 * When an ELF section name is representable as a C identifier (this is not true
324 of most ELF section names), the linker will automatically define symbols
325 __start_SECNAME and __stop_SECNAME, where SECNAME is the section name, at the
326 beginning and the end of the section. This is used by glibc.
328 Addendum: Current versions of the linker (at least for version 2.18 onwards
329 and possibly much earlier as well) place two restrictions on this feature: The
330 symbols are only implemented for orphaned sections, not for explicitly placed
331 sections and they are PROVIDEd rather than being defined.
333 * When an ELF section named .gnu.warning is encountered in an input file, the
334 contents of the section are displayed as an error message, and the section is
335 not copied into the output file. This is used by glibc.
337 * When an ELF section named .gnu.warning.SYMBOL is encountered in an input
338 file, and the symbol SYMBOL is referenced by some object file, the contents of
339 the section are displayed as an error message. The section is not copied into
340 the output file, unless doing a relocatable or shared link. This is used by
343 * New options -split-by-reloc and -split-by-file.
345 * The linker now supports linking PIC compiled code on SPARC SunOS. It can
346 also create SPARC SunOS shared libraries, and, like the native SunOS linker,
347 will do so whenever there is an undefined symbol in the link and neither the -e
348 nor the -r option was used.
350 * The -rpath option may be used on SunOS to set the list of directories to be
351 searched at run time. This overrides the default of building the list from the
354 * The COFF linker now combines debugging information for structs, unions, and
355 enums, so that even if the same type is defined in multiple input files it will
356 only be defined once in the output file. The --traditional-format switch will
357 prevent this optimization.
359 Changes in version 2.5:
361 * The linker now supports linking against SunOS shared libraries. It still can
362 not link SunOS PIC (Position Independent Code) files, so it can not be used to
363 generate shared libraries.
365 * The linker now supports linking against ELF shared libraries for the i386
366 (UnixWare) and SPARC (Solaris). It can also link ELF PIC files, and can be
367 used to generate shared libraries. Shared library generation is not well
368 tested; please report any problems encountered. The linker is now enabled for
371 * Eric Youngdale has contributed Linux support code, including linking against
372 Linux a.out shared libraries. The linker produces Linux QMAGIC binaries.
374 * The ELF backend has been converted to the new linker code. To use the new
375 ELF linker, each particular target requires a relocation function. So far,
376 this function has been written for i386 (UnixWare), SPARC (Solaris) MIPS (Irix
377 5), and HPPA ELF targets.
379 * The -( (--start-group) and -) (--end-group) options have been added to
380 support searching a group of archives as though they were a single archive.
381 This can also be used in a linker script, as GROUP ( files ).
383 * When a file is named on the command line, and the linker does not recognize
384 it as an object file, the linker will now treat the file as a linker script
385 file. A linker script named in this way augments, but does not replace, the
386 default linker script.
388 * The -warn-once option was added. It causes the linker to only warn once per
389 undefined symbol, rather than once per reference.
391 * The COFF backend has been converted to the new linker code. As with ELF, to
392 use the new linker, each particular target requires a relocation function. So
393 far, this function has been written for the i386, m68k, a29k and SH targets.
395 * The -V flag was made a synonym for -v, for SVR4 compatibility. The old -V
396 behaviour is available via --verbose.
398 Changes in version 2.4:
400 * New linker code, by Steve Chamberlain and Ian Taylor. For a.out and ecoff
401 formats (so far), this should result in considerable savings in time
402 and memory used while linking; slightly poorer performance than
403 before for formats not converted yet.
405 * Command-line parsing is no longer done with flex. This means
406 oddball characters in filenames won't get treated as argument
409 * HP-PA ELF support, by Jeff Law. (No SOM support yet.)
411 * Mach i386 support, by David Mackenzie.
413 * Irix 4 shared libraries are now supported (Irix 5 uses ELF, and ELF shared
414 libraries are not yet supported).
416 * COFF shared libraries (as on SCO) should work as well.
418 * The linker is disabled for Solaris. (Actually, it was in 2.3 also, I just
419 forgot to note it.) Some of their C library routines don't work when
420 statically linked, and the GNU linker doesn't support dynamic linking yet.
422 Changes in version 2.3:
424 * Weak symbols are now supported.
426 * ELF support has been added. The linker has been bootstrapped on
427 UnixWare and Solaris.
429 * Alpha OSF/1 support has been added (non dynamic linking only).
431 Changes in version 2.2:
433 * The `bfd' library has been updated to reduce a.out-format string
434 table size. The effect of this is that files linked from many input
435 files with duplicate symbols (`-g' debugging records, or identical
436 static symbols) should be much smaller.
438 Changes in version 2.1:
440 * The ld -ySYMBOL flag (to trace references to SYMBOL) is now implemented.
442 * There is now support for writing ECOFF files, so ld and the
443 other utilities should work on Risc/Ultrix and Irix.