3 * TYPE=<type> is now supported in an output section description to set the
6 * Remove (rudimentary) support for the x86-64 sub-architectures Intel L1OM and
11 * Add -z pack-relative-relocs/-z no pack-relative-relocs to x86 ELF
12 linker to pack relative relocations in the DT_RELR section.
14 * Add support for the LoongArch architecture.
16 * Add -z indirect-extern-access/-z noindirect-extern-access to x86 ELF
17 linker to control canonical function pointers and copy relocation.
19 * Add --max-cache-size=SIZE to set the the maximum cache size to SIZE
24 * arm-symbianelf support removed.
26 * Add -z report-relative-reloc to x86 ELF linker to report dynamic
29 * Add -z start-stop-gc to disable special treatment of __start_*/__stop_*
30 references when --gc-sections.
32 * Add -Bno-symbolic to cancel -Bsymbolic and -Bsymbolic-functions.
36 * Add libdep plugin, for linking dependencies of static libraries that
37 were recorded by ar in the __.LIBDEP archive member.
39 * Add --error-handling-script=<NAME> command line option to allow a helper
40 script to be invoked when an undefined symbol or a missing library is
41 encountered. This option can be suppressed via the configure time
42 switch: --enable-error-handling-script=no.
44 * Add -z lam-u48 to x86-64 ELF linker to generate LAM_U48 property.
46 * Add -z lam-u57 to x86-64 ELF linker to enerate LAM_U57 property.
48 * Add -z lam-u48-report=[none|warning|error] to report missing LAM_U48
51 * Add -z lam-u57-report=[none|warning|error] to report missing LAM_U57
54 * Add -z lam-report=[none|warning|error] to report missing LAM_U48 and
57 * Add -z x86-64-{baseline|v[234]} to the x86 ELF linker to mark
58 x86-64-{baseline|v[234]} ISA level as needed.
60 * Add -z unique-symbol to avoid duplicated local symbol names.
62 * The creation of PE format DLLs now defaults to using a more secure set of DLL
65 * The linker now deduplicates the types in .ctf sections. The new
66 command-line option --ctf-share-types describes how to do this:
67 its default value, share-unconflicted, produces the most compact
70 * The linker now omits the "variable section" from .ctf sections by
71 default, saving space. This is almost certainly what you want
72 unless you are working on a project that has its own analogue
73 of symbol tables that are not reflected in the ELF symtabs.
75 * Add support for the SHF_GNU_RETAIN ELF section flag.
76 This flag specifies that the section should not be garbage collected by the
81 * X86 NaCl target support is removed.
83 * Add ELF linker command-line options, --export-dynamic-symbol and
84 --export-dynamic-symbol-list, to make symbols dynamic.
86 * Add a configure option, --enable-textrel-check=[no|yes|warning|error],
87 to decide what ELF linker should do by default with DT_TEXTREL in an
88 executable or shared library. Default to yes for Linux/x86 targets.
90 * The -Map=<filename> command line option has been extended so that if
91 <filename> is a directory then <filename>/<output-filename>.map will be
94 * Add a command-line option for ELF linker, --warn-textrel, to warn that
95 DT_TEXTREL is set in a position-independent executable or shared object.
97 * Add command-line options --enable-non-contiguous-regions and
98 --enable-non-contiguous-regions-warnings.
100 * Add command-line option --imagic for the pdp11-aout target to output format
101 IMAGIC (0411) for separate instruction and data spaces, and change the
102 default format option for pdp11-aout to be --omagic.
104 * Relative pathnames in INPUT() and GROUP() directives in linker scripts are
105 searched relative to the directory of the linker script before other search
108 * Add ELF linker command-line option `-z start-stop-visibility=...' to control
109 the visibility of synthetic `__start_SECNAME` and `__stop_SECNAME` symbols.
111 * Add command-line option --dependency-file to write a Make-style dependency
112 file listing the input files consulted by the linker, like the files written
113 by the compiler's -M -MP options.
117 * The ld check for "PHDR segment not covered by LOAD segment" is more
118 effective, catching cases that were wrongly allowed by previous versions of
119 ld. If you see this error it is likely you are linking with a bad linker
120 script or the binary you are building is not intended to be loaded by a
121 dynamic loader. In the latter case --no-dynamic-linker is appropriate.
123 * cr16c support removed.
125 * Add support for z80-elf.
127 * Add support for relocation of each byte or word of multibyte value to Z80
130 * Add support for Zilog eZ80 (both ADL and Z80 mode) and Zilog Z180 CPUs.
134 * Add command-line option --no-print-map-discarded.
136 * The Cortex-A53 Erratum 843419 workaround now supports a choice of which
137 workaround to use. The option --fix-cortex-a53-843419 now takes an
138 optional argument --fix-cortex-a53-843419[=full|adr|adrp] which can be
139 used to force a particular workaround to be used. See --help for AArch64
142 * Add target handlers for AArch64 for ELF GNU program properties.
144 * Add support for GNU_PROPERTY_AARCH64_FEATURE_1_BTI in ELF GNU program
145 properties in the AArch64 ELF linker.
147 * Add support for GNU_PROPERTY_AARCH64_FEATURE_1_PAC in ELF GNU program
148 properties in the AArch64 ELF linker.
150 * Add -z force-bti for AArch64 to enable GNU_PROPERTY_AARCH64_FEATURE_1_BTI
151 on output while warning about missing GNU_PROPERTY_AARCH64_FEATURE_1_BTI
152 on inputs and use PLTs protected with BTI.
154 * Add -z pac-plt for AArch64 to pick PAC enabled PLTs.
158 * Report property change in linker map file when merging GNU properties.
160 * Add support for the C-SKY processor series.
162 * -t now doesn't report members within archives, unless -t is given twice.
163 A single -t is now more useful when generating a list of files that should be
164 packaged for a linker bug report. For example:
165 gcc hello.c -save-temps -Wl,-t | xargs realpath | sort | uniq > files
166 tar cJf test.tar.xz `cat files`
170 * Speed up direct linking with DLLs for Cygwin and Mingw targets.
172 * Add a configure option --enable-separate-code to decide whether
173 -z separate-code should be enabled in ELF linker by default. Default
174 to yes for Linux/x86 targets. Note that -z separate-code can increase
175 disk and memory size.
179 * Add -z separate-code to generate separate code PT_LOAD segment.
181 * Add "-z undefs" command-line option as the inverse of the "-z defs" option.
183 * Add -z globalaudit command-line option to force audit libraries to be run
184 for every dynamic object loaded by an executable - provided that the loader
185 supports this functionality.
187 * Tighten linker script grammar around file name specifiers to prevent the use
188 of SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT and SORT_BY_INIT_PRIORITY on filenames. These would
189 previously be accepted but had no effect.
191 * The EXCLUDE_FILE directive can now be placed within any SORT_* directive
192 within input section lists.
196 * Support for -z shstk in the x86 ELF linker to generate
197 GNU_PROPERTY_X86_FEATURE_1_SHSTK in ELF GNU program properties.
199 * Add support for GNU_PROPERTY_X86_FEATURE_1_SHSTK in ELF GNU program
200 properties in the x86 ELF linker.
202 * Add support for GNU_PROPERTY_X86_FEATURE_1_IBT in ELF GNU program
203 properties in the x86 ELF linker.
205 * Support for -z ibtplt in the x86 ELF linker to generate IBT-enabled
208 * Support for -z ibt in the x86 ELF linker to generate IBT-enabled
209 PLT as well as GNU_PROPERTY_X86_FEATURE_1_IBT in ELF GNU program
212 * Add support for ELF SHF_GNU_MBIND and PT_GNU_MBIND_XXX.
214 * Add support for ELF GNU program properties.
216 * Add support for the Texas Instruments PRU processor.
218 * When configuring for arc*-*-linux* targets the default linker emulation will
219 change if --with-cpu=nps400 is used at configure time.
221 * Improve assignment of LMAs to orphan sections in some edge cases where a
222 mixture of both AT>LMA_REGION and AT(LMA) are used.
224 * Orphan sections placed after an empty section that has an AT(LMA) will now
225 take an load memory address starting from LMA.
227 * Section groups can now be resolved (the group deleted and the group members
228 placed like normal sections) at partial link time either using the new linker
229 option --force-group-allocation or by placing FORCE_GROUP_ALLOCATION into the
234 * The EXCLUDE_FILE linker script construct can now be applied outside of the
235 section list in order for the exclusions to apply over all input sections in
238 * Add support for the RISC-V architecture.
240 * The command-line option --no-eh-frame-hdr can now be used in ELF based
241 linkers to disable the automatic generation of .eh_frame_hdr sections.
243 * Add --in-implib=<infile> to the ARM linker to enable specifying a set of
244 Secure Gateway veneers that must exist in the output import library specified
245 by --out-implib=<outfile> and the address they must have. As such,
246 --in-implib is only supported in combination with --cmse-implib.
248 * Extended the --out-implib=<file> option, previously restricted to x86 PE
249 targets, to any ELF based target. This allows the generation of an import
250 library for an ELF executable, which can then be used by another application
251 to link against the executable.
255 * Add a configure option --enable-relro to decide whether -z relro should
256 be enabled in ELF linker by default. Default to yes for all Linux
257 targets except FRV, HPPA, IA64 and MIPS. Note that -z relro can increase
258 disk and memory size.
260 * Support for -z noreloc-overflow in the x86-64 ELF linker to disable
261 relocation overflow check.
263 * Add -z common/-z nocommon options for ELF targets to control whether to
264 convert common symbols to the STT_COMMON type during a relocatable link.
266 * Support for -z nodynamic-undefined-weak in the x86 ELF linker, which
267 avoids dynamic relocations against undefined weak symbols in executable.
269 * The NOCROSSREFSTO command was added to the linker script language.
271 * Add --no-apply-dynamic-relocs to the AArch64 linker to do not apply link-time
272 values for dynamic relocations.
276 * Add --fix-stm32l4xx-629360 to the ARM linker to enable a link-time
277 workaround for a bug in the bus matrix / memory controller for some of
278 the STM32 Cortex-M4 based products (STM32L4xx)
280 * Add a configure option --enable-compressed-debug-sections={all,ld} to
281 decide whether DWARF debug sections should be compressed by default.
283 * Add support for the ARC EM/HS, and ARC600/700 architectures.
285 * Experimental support for linker garbage collection (--gc-sections)
286 has been enabled for COFF and PE based targets.
288 * New command-line option for ELF targets to compress DWARF debug
289 sections, --compress-debug-sections=[none|zlib|zlib-gnu|zlib-gabi].
291 * New command-line option, --orphan-handling=[place|warn|error|discard], to
292 adjust how orphan sections are handled. The default is 'place' which gives
293 the current behaviour, 'warn' and 'error' issue a warning or error
294 respectively when orphan sections are found, and 'discard' will discard all
297 * Add support for LLVM plugin.
299 * Add --print-memory-usage option to report memory blocks usage.
301 * Add --require-defined option, it's like --undefined except the new symbol
302 must be defined by the end of the link.
306 * PE binaries now once again contain real timestamps by default. To disable
307 the inclusion of a timestamp in a PE binary, use the --no-insert-timestamp
310 * Replace support for openrisc and or32 with support for or1k.
312 * Add support for the --build-id command-line option to COFF based targets.
314 * x86/x86_64 pe-coff now supports the --build-id option.
316 * Add support for the Andes NDS32.
320 * Add LOG2CEIL() builtin function to the linker script language
322 * Add support for the Texas Instruments MSP430X processor.
324 * Add support for Altera Nios II.
326 * Add support for the V850E3V5 architecture.
328 * Add support for the Imagination Technologies Meta processor.
330 * --enable-new-dtags no longer generates old dtags in addition to new dtags.
332 * Remove linker support for MIPS ECOFF targets.
334 * Add ALIGN_WITH_INPUT to the linker script language to force the alignment of
335 an output section to use the maximum alignment of all its input sections.
339 * Enable compressed debug section feature for x86/x86_64 pe-coff.
341 * Add support for the 64-bit ARM architecture: AArch64.
343 * Added SORT_NONE to the linker script language to disable section sorting.
345 * Add a linker-provided symbol when producing ELF output, '__ehdr_start'
346 to point to the ELF file header (and nearby program headers) in the
347 program's memory image.
349 * Add support for S12X processor.
351 * Add support for the VLE extension to the PowerPC architecture.
353 * Add support for the Freescale XGATE architecture.
355 * Add option -f FILE on AIX (for response file).
357 * Add support for the Renesas RL78 architecture.
359 * Add support for the Adapteva EPIPHANY architecture.
363 * --copy-dt-needed-entries is no longer enabled by default. Instead
364 --no-copy-dt-needed-entries is the default.
366 * INPUT_SECTION_FLAGS has been added to the linker script language
367 to allow selection of input sections by section header section flags.
369 * Add support for the Tilera TILEPro and TILE-Gx architectures.
371 * Added SORT_BY_INIT_PRIORITY to the linker script language to permit
372 sorting sections by numerical value of the GCC init_priority attribute
373 encoded in the section name.
377 * Linker script expression evaluation is somewhat more sane. This may
378 break scripts that depend on quirks of the old expression evaluation.
380 * Turn off underscoring for x86_64 PE+-COFF targets. For old behavior the
381 option --enable-leading-mingw64-underscores can be used on configure of
384 * Add support for the TMS320C6000 (TI C6X) processor family.
386 * --add-needed renamed to --copy-dt-needed-entries in order to avoid confusion
387 with --as-needed option.
389 * Extend .def file syntax by '== <ID>' for imports and exports. This allows
390 to alias the import/export table name written in PE image.
392 * Add --exclude-all-symbols option to PE based linkers. This prevents all
393 symbols from automatically being exported.
395 * Add support for the Renesas RX processor.
397 * Add support for alpha-vms target.
401 * GNU/Linux targets now support the STB_GNU_UNIQUE symbol binding. This is a
402 GNU extension to the standard set of ELF symbol bindings. The binding will
403 be passed on to the dynamic linker which will make sure that in the entire
404 process there is just one symbol with the given name and type in use.
406 * PE targets now support a GNU extension to allow the alignment of common
407 common symbols to be specified. This support uses custom options in
408 the .drectve section, which will be disregarded by the native tools.
410 * PE targets now add primitive support for ELF version scripts; symbols
411 are not versioned, but the local and global symbol visibility directives
412 are respected when filtering symbols in auto-export mode.
414 * New option --no-export-dynamic to undo the effect of the -E and
415 --export-dynamic options.
417 * ELF: --warn-alternate-em option to warn if an object has alternate
420 * New script function REGION_ALIAS to add alias names to memory regions.
422 * PE targets no longer make use of the long section names PE extension to
423 the COFF format when generating executable images, by default. The old
424 (slightly non-conformant) behaviour can still be invoked by using the
425 new '--enable-long-section-names' command-line option. It is also enabled
426 automatically in the presence of un-stripped debug information, as GDB
427 needs to be able to find the debug info sections by their full names.
429 * For GNU/Linux systems the linker will now avoid processing any relocations
430 made against symbols of the STT_GNU_IFUNC type and instead emit them into
431 the resulting binary for processing by the loader.
433 * --as-needed now links in a dynamic library if it satisfies undefined
434 symbols in regular objects, or in other dynamic libraries. In the
435 latter case the library is not linked if it is found in a DT_NEEDED
436 entry of one of the libraries already linked.
438 * Add a new command-line option, -Ttext-segment ADDR, for ELF targets
439 to set the address of the first byte of the text segment.
441 * Add support for Sunplus score architecture.
443 * Add new option --use-nul-prefixed-import-tables to ld for PE targets to
444 allow fallback to old import table generation with null element prefix.
446 * Windows PE systems now support a new --exclude-modules-for-implib option,
447 allowing users to partition object files and archive members between a DLL
448 and its associated import library as they are generated during linking.
450 * Add support for Lattice Mico32 (lm32) architecture.
452 * Add CR16 ELF --embedded-relocs (used to embedded relocations into binaries
453 for Embedded-PIC code) option.
455 * Add to the PE/PE+ targets the support of two different kinds of
456 pseudo-relocations. They can be selected by the switches
457 --enable-runtime-pseudo-reloc-v1 and --enable-runtime-pseudo-reloc-v2.
458 For the switch --enable-runtime-pseudo-reloc it uses for 32-bit
459 runtime pseudo relocation version one, for 64-bit the version two.
463 * Linker scripts support a new INSERT command that makes it easier to
464 augment the default script.
466 * Linker script input section filespecs may now specify a file within an
467 archive by writing "archive:file".
469 * The --sort-common switch now has an optional argument which specifies the
470 direction of sorting.
472 * The M68K linker now supports multiple GOT generation schemes controlled via
473 the --got=<type> command-line option.
475 * The ARM EABI linker will now generate stubs for function calls to symbols
476 that are too far away. The placement of the stubs is controlled by a new
477 linker command-line option: --stub-group-size=N.
481 * Linker sources now released under version 3 of the GNU General Public
484 * ELF: New --build-id option to generate a unique per-binary identifier
485 embedded in a note section.
487 * Added support for National Semicondutor CompactRISC (ie CR16) target.
489 * -l:foo now searches the library path for a filename called foo,
490 without converting it to libfoo.a or libfoo.so.
492 * Add a new command-line option '--default-script=FILE' or '-dT FILE'
493 which specifies a replacement for the built in, default linker
496 * ELF: Add -Bsymbolic-functions, --dynamic-list-cpp-new, which puts C++
497 operator new and delete on the dynamic list, and --dynamic-list-data,
498 builtin list for --dynamic-list, which puts global data symbols on the
501 * Add support for x86_64 PE+ target.
503 * Add support for Score target.
505 * ELF: Add --dynamic-list option to specify a list of global symbols
506 whose references shouldn't be bound to the definition within the
507 shared library, or a list of symbols which should be added to the
508 symbol table in the executable.
510 * The default output section LMA has changed for allocatable sections from
511 being equal to VMA, to keeping the difference between LMA and VMA the same as
512 the previous output section in the same region. This is a more useful
513 default when using overlays and other cases where you specify an LMA
514 differing from the VMA for some sections.
516 * New switch: --print-gc-sections to list any sections removed by garabge
519 * ARM: Added --vfp11-denorm-fix option to work around an erratum in current
524 * Support for the Infineon XC16X has been added by KPIT Cummins Infosystems.
526 * Modify the Linux linker search order to better match ld.so search order.
527 Look for DT_NEEDED libraries in paths specified by ld.so.conf before
528 searching the default directories, rather than vice versa.
529 Use $prefix/etc/ld.so.conf if it exists, otherwise /etc/ld.so.conf.
531 * PE-COFF: Forward exports from DLL's can now be specified in .def files
532 passed directly to ld.
534 * Support for the Z80 processor family has been added.
536 * Add support for the "@<file>" syntax to the command line, so that extra
537 switches can be read from <file>.
541 * Support for the R_ARM_V4BX relocation as defined in the ARM AAELF
542 specification has been added via the --fix-v4bx command-line option.
544 * New linker script construct AS_NEEDED(), which sets the --as-needed flag
545 for input files listed inside of it.
547 * A new command-line option, --sysroot, can be used to override the
548 default sysroot location. It only applies to toolchains that were
549 configured using --with-sysroot.
551 * New linker script functions: ORIGIN() and LENGTH() which return information
552 about a specified memory region.
554 * Port to MAXQ processor contributed by HCL Tech.
556 * Added SEGMENT_START to the linker script language to permit the user to
557 override the base address for a segment from the command-line.
559 * ELF: --warn-shared-textrel option to warn if adding a DT_TEXTREL to a shared
562 * Added SORT_BY_NAME and SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT to the linker script
563 language to permit sorting sections by section name or section
566 * Added a new linker command-line switch, --sort-section name|alignment,
567 to sort sections by section name or maximum alignment.
569 * ELF: --add-needed/--no-add-needed options to control if a DT_NEEDED tag
570 should be added when a shared library comes from DT_NEEDED tags.
572 * Support for the crx-elf target added.
574 * Support for the sh-symbianelf target added.
576 * A new linker command-line switch has been added which allows the hash table
577 size to be set to a suitable prime value near to its argument. This switch
578 is --hash-size=<NUMBER>. Also if the switch --reduce-memory-overheads is
579 used, and --hash-size has not been used, then the default value will be set
582 * Linker map files are now generated with an O(N) algorithm for finding symbols
583 that are defined in each section. This uses about 40% more memory for
584 symbols than the old O(N^2) algorithm. You can use the new
585 --reduce-memory-overheads option to select the old algorithm; this option
586 might also be used in the future to select similar tradeoffs.
590 * ELF: --as-needed/--no-as-needed options to control if a DT_NEEDED tag should
591 be added only when a shared library is referenced.
593 * PE: --large-address-aware option to indicate executables support virtual
594 addresses greater than 2 gigabytes.
596 * DWARF 2 support for i386pe added.
598 * The linker script operator DEFINED() will now yield 1 only for a symbol that
599 is defined before the statement where DEFINED is used.
601 * The MIPS --embedded-relocs (used to embed relocations into binaries for
602 Embedded-PIC code) is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
604 * cr16c support added by NSC.
606 * m32r Linux (ELF) support added by Renesas.
608 * Improved linker's handling of unresolved symbols. The switch
609 --unresolved-symbols=<method> has been added to tell the linker when it
610 should report them and the switch --warn-unresolved-symbols has been added to
611 make reports be issued as warning messages rather than errors.
615 * Added support for Xtensa architecture.
617 * Added --with-sysroot configure switch to specify a target system root, for
618 linking against a target filesystem image.
620 * Added --accept-unknown-linker-format to restore old linker behaviour (pre
621 2.14) of silently accepting and linking in any files in an unknown binary
624 * Added --no-omagic to undo the effects of the -N option.
626 * Support for Texas Instruments TMS320C4x and TMS320C3x series of
627 DSP's contributed by Michael Hayes and Svein E. Seldal.
629 * Added --with-lib-path configure switch to specify default value for
632 * ARM port to QNX operating system added by Graeme Peterson.
634 * IP2K support added by Denis Chertykov.
638 * Support for the Fujitsu FRV architecture added by Red Hat. Models for FR400
641 Changes in version 2.13:
643 * DEC VAX ELF support, by Matt Thomas.
645 Changes in version 2.12:
647 * Support for Don Knuth's MMIX, by Hans-Peter Nilsson.
649 * Support for the OpenRISC 32-bit embedded processor by OpenCores.
651 * Support for -z nocopyreloc in the x86 ELF linker, which disables
652 production of copy relocs. Warning: using this option may result in
653 non-sharable applications.
655 * Support for -z combreloc in the ELF linker, which puts dynamic
656 relocations against the same symbol together, so that dynamic linker
657 can use an one-entry symbol lookup cache.
659 * Support for ELF SHF_MERGE section merging, by Jakub Jelinek.
661 Changes in version 2.11:
663 * Support for AMD x86-64 architecture, by Jan Hubicka, SuSE Labs.
665 * Support added for eliminating duplicate DWARF2 debug information by
666 having the compiler generate the information in sections called
667 .gnu.linkonce.wi.XXXX where XXXX is a checksum for the contents. The
668 linker then merges these sections together into the normal .debug_info
671 * The native ELF linker now searches the directories in DT_RUNPATH or
672 DT_RPATH of a shared library for shared libraries needed by it.
674 * TI C54x support, by Timothy Wall.
676 * Added command-line switch --section-start to set the start address of any
679 * Added ability to emit full relocation information in linked executables,
680 enabled by --emit-relocs. Some post-linkage optimization tools need
681 this information in order to be able to correctly identify and perform
682 symbol relative addressing in the event of changes in section contents
683 (instructions being added or deleted, extending data sections, etc.)
685 * Support for i860, by Jason Eckhardt (preliminary, alpha quality).
687 * Support for CRIS (Axis Communications ETRAX series).
689 * Support for PDP-11 and 2.11BSD a.out format, by Lars Brinkhoff.
691 Changes in version 2.10:
693 * Added AT> to the linker script language to allow load-time allocation of
694 sections into regions.
696 * Added garbage collection of unused sections, enabled by --gc-sections.
697 It does require a bit of backend support; currently implemented are
698 arm-elf, avr-elf, d10v-elf, fr30-elf, i386-elf, m32r-elf, m68k-elf,
699 mcore-elf, mips-elf, mn10300-elf, ppc-elf, sh-elf, sparc-elf, and v850-elf.
700 Others will ignore the option.
702 * Added SORT to the linker script language to permit sorting sections by file
703 name or section name.
705 * Added EXTERN to the linker script language as an equivalent to the -u
708 * Added ASSERT to the linker script language.
710 * Added EXCLUDE_FILE to the linker script language for further control over
713 * Added -O option to optimize linker output (as of this writing, this only
714 affects ELF shared library generation).
716 * The -e option now accepts a number as well as a symbol name.
718 * Added --no-undefined option to disallow undefined symbols when creating a
721 * The linker now issues a warning, not an error, for an undefined symbol when
722 using -Bsymbolic; use the new --no-undefined option to get the old
725 * Added --demangle and --no-demangle options.
727 Changes in version 2.9:
729 * Added SQUAD to the linker script language.
731 * New option --no-warn-mismatch.
733 * The MEMORY command now parses the attributes to determine where sections that
734 are not placed in a specific memory region are placed.
736 Changes in version 2.8:
738 * Linker scripts may now contain shell wildcard characters for file and section
741 * The linker now supports symbol versions in ELF.
743 * The NOCROSSREFS command was added to the linker script language.
745 * The LOADADDR expression was added to the linker script language.
747 * MAX and MIN functions were added to the linker script language.
749 * The OVERLAY construct was added to the linker script language.
751 * New option --warn-section-align to warn when the address of an output section
752 changes due to alignment of an input section.
754 * New options --filter/-F and --auxiliary/-f.
756 Changes in version 2.7:
758 * New option --cref to print out a cross reference table.
760 * New option --wrap SYMBOL.
762 * New option --no-whole-archive, to turn off the effect of --whole-archive.
764 * Input sections assigned to the output section /DISCARD/ in the linker script
765 are not included in the output file.
767 * The SunOS and ELF linkers now merge stabs debugging information which uses
768 the N_BINCL and N_EINCL stab types. This reduces the amount of debugging
769 information generated.
771 Changes in version 2.6:
773 * When an ELF section name is representable as a C identifier (this is not true
774 of most ELF section names), the linker will automatically define symbols
775 __start_SECNAME and __stop_SECNAME, where SECNAME is the section name, at the
776 beginning and the end of the section. This is used by glibc.
778 Addendum: Current versions of the linker (at least for version 2.18 onwards
779 and possibly much earlier as well) place two restrictions on this feature: The
780 symbols are only implemented for orphaned sections, not for explicitly placed
781 sections and they are PROVIDEd rather than being defined.
783 * When an ELF section named .gnu.warning is encountered in an input file, the
784 contents of the section are displayed as an error message, and the section is
785 not copied into the output file. This is used by glibc.
787 * When an ELF section named .gnu.warning.SYMBOL is encountered in an input
788 file, and the symbol SYMBOL is referenced by some object file, the contents of
789 the section are displayed as an error message. The section is not copied into
790 the output file, unless doing a relocatable or shared link. This is used by
793 * New options -split-by-reloc and -split-by-file.
795 * The linker now supports linking PIC compiled code on SPARC SunOS. It can
796 also create SPARC SunOS shared libraries, and, like the native SunOS linker,
797 will do so whenever there is an undefined symbol in the link and neither the -e
798 nor the -r option was used.
800 * The -rpath option may be used on SunOS to set the list of directories to be
801 searched at run time. This overrides the default of building the list from the
804 * The COFF linker now combines debugging information for structs, unions, and
805 enums, so that even if the same type is defined in multiple input files it will
806 only be defined once in the output file. The --traditional-format switch will
807 prevent this optimization.
809 Changes in version 2.5:
811 * The linker now supports linking against SunOS shared libraries. It still can
812 not link SunOS PIC (Position Independent Code) files, so it can not be used to
813 generate shared libraries.
815 * The linker now supports linking against ELF shared libraries for the i386
816 (UnixWare) and SPARC (Solaris). It can also link ELF PIC files, and can be
817 used to generate shared libraries. Shared library generation is not well
818 tested; please report any problems encountered. The linker is now enabled for
821 * Eric Youngdale has contributed Linux support code, including linking against
822 Linux a.out shared libraries. The linker produces Linux QMAGIC binaries.
824 * The ELF backend has been converted to the new linker code. To use the new
825 ELF linker, each particular target requires a relocation function. So far,
826 this function has been written for i386 (UnixWare), SPARC (Solaris) MIPS (Irix
827 5), and HPPA ELF targets.
829 * The -( (--start-group) and -) (--end-group) options have been added to
830 support searching a group of archives as though they were a single archive.
831 This can also be used in a linker script, as GROUP ( files ).
833 * When a file is named on the command line, and the linker does not recognize
834 it as an object file, the linker will now treat the file as a linker script
835 file. A linker script named in this way augments, but does not replace, the
836 default linker script.
838 * The -warn-once option was added. It causes the linker to only warn once per
839 undefined symbol, rather than once per reference.
841 * The COFF backend has been converted to the new linker code. As with ELF, to
842 use the new linker, each particular target requires a relocation function. So
843 far, this function has been written for the i386, m68k, a29k and SH targets.
845 * The -V flag was made a synonym for -v, for SVR4 compatibility. The old -V
846 behaviour is available via --verbose.
848 Changes in version 2.4:
850 * New linker code, by Steve Chamberlain and Ian Taylor. For a.out and ecoff
851 formats (so far), this should result in considerable savings in time
852 and memory used while linking; slightly poorer performance than
853 before for formats not converted yet.
855 * Command-line parsing is no longer done with flex. This means
856 oddball characters in filenames won't get treated as argument
859 * HP-PA ELF support, by Jeff Law. (No SOM support yet.)
861 * Mach i386 support, by David Mackenzie.
863 * Irix 4 shared libraries are now supported (Irix 5 uses ELF, and ELF shared
864 libraries are not yet supported).
866 * COFF shared libraries (as on SCO) should work as well.
868 * The linker is disabled for Solaris. (Actually, it was in 2.3 also, I just
869 forgot to note it.) Some of their C library routines don't work when
870 statically linked, and the GNU linker doesn't support dynamic linking yet.
872 Changes in version 2.3:
874 * Weak symbols are now supported.
876 * ELF support has been added. The linker has been bootstrapped on
877 UnixWare and Solaris.
879 * Alpha OSF/1 support has been added (non dynamic linking only).
881 Changes in version 2.2:
883 * The `bfd' library has been updated to reduce a.out-format string
884 table size. The effect of this is that files linked from many input
885 files with duplicate symbols (`-g' debugging records, or identical
886 static symbols) should be much smaller.
888 Changes in version 2.1:
890 * The ld -ySYMBOL flag (to trace references to SYMBOL) is now implemented.
892 * There is now support for writing ECOFF files, so ld and the
893 other utilities should work on Risc/Ultrix and Irix.
896 Copyright (C) 2012-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
898 Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification,
899 are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright
900 notice and this notice are preserved.