[gcc.git] / libbacktrace / elf.c

/* elf.c -- Get debug data from an ELF file for backtraces.
   Copyright (C) 2012-2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   Written by Ian Lance Taylor, Google.

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:

    (1) Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

    (2) Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
    distribution.

    (3) The name of the author may not be used to
    endorse or promote products derived from this software without
    specific prior written permission.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.  */

#include "config.h"

#include <errno.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#ifdef HAVE_DL_ITERATE_PHDR
#include <link.h>
#endif

#include "backtrace.h"
#include "internal.h"

#ifndef S_ISLNK
 #ifndef S_IFLNK
  #define S_IFLNK 0120000
 #endif
 #ifndef S_IFMT
  #define S_IFMT 0170000
 #endif
 #define S_ISLNK(m) (((m) & S_IFMT) == S_IFLNK)
#endif

#if !defined(HAVE_DECL_STRNLEN) || !HAVE_DECL_STRNLEN

/* If strnlen is not declared, provide our own version.  */

static size_t
xstrnlen (const char *s, size_t maxlen)
{
  size_t i;

  for (i = 0; i < maxlen; ++i)
    if (s[i] == '\0')
      break;
  return i;
}

#define strnlen xstrnlen

#endif

#ifndef HAVE_DL_ITERATE_PHDR

/* Dummy version of dl_iterate_phdr for systems that don't have it.  */

#define dl_phdr_info x_dl_phdr_info
#define dl_iterate_phdr x_dl_iterate_phdr

struct dl_phdr_info
{
  uintptr_t dlpi_addr;
  const char *dlpi_name;
};

static int
dl_iterate_phdr (int (*callback) (struct dl_phdr_info *,
                                  size_t, void *) ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
                 void *data ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
{
  return 0;
}

#endif /* ! defined (HAVE_DL_ITERATE_PHDR) */

/* The configure script must tell us whether we are 32-bit or 64-bit
   ELF.  We could make this code test and support either possibility,
   but there is no point.  This code only works for the currently
   running executable, which means that we know the ELF mode at
   configure time.  */

#if BACKTRACE_ELF_SIZE != 32 && BACKTRACE_ELF_SIZE != 64
#error "Unknown BACKTRACE_ELF_SIZE"
#endif

/* <link.h> might #include <elf.h> which might define our constants
   with slightly different values.  Undefine them to be safe.  */

#undef EI_NIDENT
#undef EI_MAG0
#undef EI_MAG1
#undef EI_MAG2
#undef EI_MAG3
#undef EI_CLASS
#undef EI_DATA
#undef EI_VERSION
#undef ELF_MAG0
#undef ELF_MAG1
#undef ELF_MAG2
#undef ELF_MAG3
#undef ELFCLASS32
#undef ELFCLASS64
#undef ELFDATA2LSB
#undef ELFDATA2MSB
#undef EV_CURRENT
#undef ET_DYN
#undef SHN_LORESERVE
#undef SHN_XINDEX
#undef SHN_UNDEF
#undef SHT_SYMTAB
#undef SHT_STRTAB
#undef SHT_DYNSYM
#undef STT_OBJECT
#undef STT_FUNC
#undef NT_GNU_BUILD_ID

/* Basic types.  */

typedef uint16_t b_elf_half;    /* Elf_Half.  */
typedef uint32_t b_elf_word;    /* Elf_Word.  */
typedef int32_t  b_elf_sword;   /* Elf_Sword.  */

#if BACKTRACE_ELF_SIZE == 32

typedef uint32_t b_elf_addr;    /* Elf_Addr.  */
typedef uint32_t b_elf_off;     /* Elf_Off.  */

typedef uint32_t b_elf_wxword;  /* 32-bit Elf_Word, 64-bit ELF_Xword.  */

#else

typedef uint64_t b_elf_addr;    /* Elf_Addr.  */
typedef uint64_t b_elf_off;     /* Elf_Off.  */
typedef uint64_t b_elf_xword;   /* Elf_Xword.  */
typedef int64_t  b_elf_sxword;  /* Elf_Sxword.  */

typedef uint64_t b_elf_wxword;  /* 32-bit Elf_Word, 64-bit ELF_Xword.  */

#endif

/* Data structures and associated constants.  */

#define EI_NIDENT 16

typedef struct {
  unsigned char e_ident[EI_NIDENT];     /* ELF "magic number" */
  b_elf_half    e_type;                 /* Identifies object file type */
  b_elf_half    e_machine;              /* Specifies required architecture */
  b_elf_word    e_version;              /* Identifies object file version */
  b_elf_addr    e_entry;                /* Entry point virtual address */
  b_elf_off     e_phoff;                /* Program header table file offset */
  b_elf_off     e_shoff;                /* Section header table file offset */
  b_elf_word    e_flags;                /* Processor-specific flags */
  b_elf_half    e_ehsize;               /* ELF header size in bytes */
  b_elf_half    e_phentsize;            /* Program header table entry size */
  b_elf_half    e_phnum;                /* Program header table entry count */
  b_elf_half    e_shentsize;            /* Section header table entry size */
  b_elf_half    e_shnum;                /* Section header table entry count */
  b_elf_half    e_shstrndx;             /* Section header string table index */
} b_elf_ehdr;  /* Elf_Ehdr.  */

#define EI_MAG0 0
#define EI_MAG1 1
#define EI_MAG2 2
#define EI_MAG3 3
#define EI_CLASS 4
#define EI_DATA 5
#define EI_VERSION 6

#define ELFMAG0 0x7f
#define ELFMAG1 'E'
#define ELFMAG2 'L'
#define ELFMAG3 'F'

#define ELFCLASS32 1
#define ELFCLASS64 2

#define ELFDATA2LSB 1
#define ELFDATA2MSB 2

#define EV_CURRENT 1

#define ET_DYN 3

typedef struct {
  b_elf_word    sh_name;                /* Section name, index in string tbl */
  b_elf_word    sh_type;                /* Type of section */
  b_elf_wxword  sh_flags;               /* Miscellaneous section attributes */
  b_elf_addr    sh_addr;                /* Section virtual addr at execution */
  b_elf_off     sh_offset;              /* Section file offset */
  b_elf_wxword  sh_size;                /* Size of section in bytes */
  b_elf_word    sh_link;                /* Index of another section */
  b_elf_word    sh_info;                /* Additional section information */
  b_elf_wxword  sh_addralign;           /* Section alignment */
  b_elf_wxword  sh_entsize;             /* Entry size if section holds table */
} b_elf_shdr;  /* Elf_Shdr.  */

#define SHN_UNDEF       0x0000          /* Undefined section */
#define SHN_LORESERVE   0xFF00          /* Begin range of reserved indices */
#define SHN_XINDEX      0xFFFF          /* Section index is held elsewhere */

#define SHT_SYMTAB 2
#define SHT_STRTAB 3
#define SHT_DYNSYM 11

#if BACKTRACE_ELF_SIZE == 32

typedef struct
{
  b_elf_word    st_name;                /* Symbol name, index in string tbl */
  b_elf_addr    st_value;               /* Symbol value */
  b_elf_word    st_size;                /* Symbol size */
  unsigned char st_info;                /* Symbol binding and type */
  unsigned char st_other;               /* Visibility and other data */
  b_elf_half    st_shndx;               /* Symbol section index */
} b_elf_sym;  /* Elf_Sym.  */

#else /* BACKTRACE_ELF_SIZE != 32 */

typedef struct
{
  b_elf_word    st_name;                /* Symbol name, index in string tbl */
  unsigned char st_info;                /* Symbol binding and type */
  unsigned char st_other;               /* Visibility and other data */
  b_elf_half    st_shndx;               /* Symbol section index */
  b_elf_addr    st_value;               /* Symbol value */
  b_elf_xword   st_size;                /* Symbol size */
} b_elf_sym;  /* Elf_Sym.  */

#endif /* BACKTRACE_ELF_SIZE != 32 */

#define STT_OBJECT 1
#define STT_FUNC 2

typedef struct
{
  uint32_t namesz;
  uint32_t descsz;
  uint32_t type;
  char name[1];
} b_elf_note;

#define NT_GNU_BUILD_ID 3

/* An index of ELF sections we care about.  */

enum debug_section
{
  DEBUG_INFO,
  DEBUG_LINE,
  DEBUG_ABBREV,
  DEBUG_RANGES,
  DEBUG_STR,
  DEBUG_MAX
};

/* Names of sections, indexed by enum elf_section.  */

static const char * const debug_section_names[DEBUG_MAX] =
{
  ".debug_info",
  ".debug_line",
  ".debug_abbrev",
  ".debug_ranges",
  ".debug_str"
};

/* Information we gather for the sections we care about.  */

struct debug_section_info
{
  /* Section file offset.  */
  off_t offset;
  /* Section size.  */
  size_t size;
  /* Section contents, after read from file.  */
  const unsigned char *data;
};

/* Information we keep for an ELF symbol.  */

struct elf_symbol
{
  /* The name of the symbol.  */
  const char *name;
  /* The address of the symbol.  */
  uintptr_t address;
  /* The size of the symbol.  */
  size_t size;
};

/* Information to pass to elf_syminfo.  */

struct elf_syminfo_data
{
  /* Symbols for the next module.  */
  struct elf_syminfo_data *next;
  /* The ELF symbols, sorted by address.  */
  struct elf_symbol *symbols;
  /* The number of symbols.  */
  size_t count;
};

/* Compute the CRC-32 of BUF/LEN.  This uses the CRC used for
   .gnu_debuglink files.  */

static uint32_t
elf_crc32 (uint32_t crc, const unsigned char *buf, size_t len)
{
  static const uint32_t crc32_table[256] =
    {
      0x00000000, 0x77073096, 0xee0e612c, 0x990951ba, 0x076dc419,
      0x706af48f, 0xe963a535, 0x9e6495a3, 0x0edb8832, 0x79dcb8a4,
      0xe0d5e91e, 0x97d2d988, 0x09b64c2b, 0x7eb17cbd, 0xe7b82d07,
      0x90bf1d91, 0x1db71064, 0x6ab020f2, 0xf3b97148, 0x84be41de,
      0x1adad47d, 0x6ddde4eb, 0xf4d4b551, 0x83d385c7, 0x136c9856,
      0x646ba8c0, 0xfd62f97a, 0x8a65c9ec, 0x14015c4f, 0x63066cd9,
      0xfa0f3d63, 0x8d080df5, 0x3b6e20c8, 0x4c69105e, 0xd56041e4,
      0xa2677172, 0x3c03e4d1, 0x4b04d447, 0xd20d85fd, 0xa50ab56b,
      0x35b5a8fa, 0x42b2986c, 0xdbbbc9d6, 0xacbcf940, 0x32d86ce3,
      0x45df5c75, 0xdcd60dcf, 0xabd13d59, 0x26d930ac, 0x51de003a,
      0xc8d75180, 0xbfd06116, 0x21b4f4b5, 0x56b3c423, 0xcfba9599,
      0xb8bda50f, 0x2802b89e, 0x5f058808, 0xc60cd9b2, 0xb10be924,
      0x2f6f7c87, 0x58684c11, 0xc1611dab, 0xb6662d3d, 0x76dc4190,
      0x01db7106, 0x98d220bc, 0xefd5102a, 0x71b18589, 0x06b6b51f,
      0x9fbfe4a5, 0xe8b8d433, 0x7807c9a2, 0x0f00f934, 0x9609a88e,
      0xe10e9818, 0x7f6a0dbb, 0x086d3d2d, 0x91646c97, 0xe6635c01,
      0x6b6b51f4, 0x1c6c6162, 0x856530d8, 0xf262004e, 0x6c0695ed,
      0x1b01a57b, 0x8208f4c1, 0xf50fc457, 0x65b0d9c6, 0x12b7e950,
      0x8bbeb8ea, 0xfcb9887c, 0x62dd1ddf, 0x15da2d49, 0x8cd37cf3,
      0xfbd44c65, 0x4db26158, 0x3ab551ce, 0xa3bc0074, 0xd4bb30e2,
      0x4adfa541, 0x3dd895d7, 0xa4d1c46d, 0xd3d6f4fb, 0x4369e96a,
      0x346ed9fc, 0xad678846, 0xda60b8d0, 0x44042d73, 0x33031de5,
      0xaa0a4c5f, 0xdd0d7cc9, 0x5005713c, 0x270241aa, 0xbe0b1010,
      0xc90c2086, 0x5768b525, 0x206f85b3, 0xb966d409, 0xce61e49f,
      0x5edef90e, 0x29d9c998, 0xb0d09822, 0xc7d7a8b4, 0x59b33d17,
      0x2eb40d81, 0xb7bd5c3b, 0xc0ba6cad, 0xedb88320, 0x9abfb3b6,
      0x03b6e20c, 0x74b1d29a, 0xead54739, 0x9dd277af, 0x04db2615,
      0x73dc1683, 0xe3630b12, 0x94643b84, 0x0d6d6a3e, 0x7a6a5aa8,
      0xe40ecf0b, 0x9309ff9d, 0x0a00ae27, 0x7d079eb1, 0xf00f9344,
      0x8708a3d2, 0x1e01f268, 0x6906c2fe, 0xf762575d, 0x806567cb,
      0x196c3671, 0x6e6b06e7, 0xfed41b76, 0x89d32be0, 0x10da7a5a,
      0x67dd4acc, 0xf9b9df6f, 0x8ebeeff9, 0x17b7be43, 0x60b08ed5,
      0xd6d6a3e8, 0xa1d1937e, 0x38d8c2c4, 0x4fdff252, 0xd1bb67f1,
      0xa6bc5767, 0x3fb506dd, 0x48b2364b, 0xd80d2bda, 0xaf0a1b4c,
      0x36034af6, 0x41047a60, 0xdf60efc3, 0xa867df55, 0x316e8eef,
      0x4669be79, 0xcb61b38c, 0xbc66831a, 0x256fd2a0, 0x5268e236,
      0xcc0c7795, 0xbb0b4703, 0x220216b9, 0x5505262f, 0xc5ba3bbe,
      0xb2bd0b28, 0x2bb45a92, 0x5cb36a04, 0xc2d7ffa7, 0xb5d0cf31,
      0x2cd99e8b, 0x5bdeae1d, 0x9b64c2b0, 0xec63f226, 0x756aa39c,
      0x026d930a, 0x9c0906a9, 0xeb0e363f, 0x72076785, 0x05005713,
      0x95bf4a82, 0xe2b87a14, 0x7bb12bae, 0x0cb61b38, 0x92d28e9b,
      0xe5d5be0d, 0x7cdcefb7, 0x0bdbdf21, 0x86d3d2d4, 0xf1d4e242,
      0x68ddb3f8, 0x1fda836e, 0x81be16cd, 0xf6b9265b, 0x6fb077e1,
      0x18b74777, 0x88085ae6, 0xff0f6a70, 0x66063bca, 0x11010b5c,
      0x8f659eff, 0xf862ae69, 0x616bffd3, 0x166ccf45, 0xa00ae278,
      0xd70dd2ee, 0x4e048354, 0x3903b3c2, 0xa7672661, 0xd06016f7,
      0x4969474d, 0x3e6e77db, 0xaed16a4a, 0xd9d65adc, 0x40df0b66,
      0x37d83bf0, 0xa9bcae53, 0xdebb9ec5, 0x47b2cf7f, 0x30b5ffe9,
      0xbdbdf21c, 0xcabac28a, 0x53b39330, 0x24b4a3a6, 0xbad03605,
      0xcdd70693, 0x54de5729, 0x23d967bf, 0xb3667a2e, 0xc4614ab8,
      0x5d681b02, 0x2a6f2b94, 0xb40bbe37, 0xc30c8ea1, 0x5a05df1b,
      0x2d02ef8d
    };
  const unsigned char *end;

  crc = ~crc;
  for (end = buf + len; buf < end; ++ buf)
    crc = crc32_table[(crc ^ *buf) & 0xff] ^ (crc >> 8);
  return ~crc;
}

/* Return the CRC-32 of the entire file open at DESCRIPTOR.  */

static uint32_t
elf_crc32_file (struct backtrace_state *state, int descriptor,
                backtrace_error_callback error_callback, void *data)
{
  struct stat st;
  struct backtrace_view file_view;
  uint32_t ret;

  if (fstat (descriptor, &st) < 0)
    {
      error_callback (data, "fstat", errno);
      return 0;
    }

  if (!backtrace_get_view (state, descriptor, 0, st.st_size, error_callback,
                           data, &file_view))
    return 0;

  ret = elf_crc32 (0, (const unsigned char *) file_view.data, st.st_size);

  backtrace_release_view (state, &file_view, error_callback, data);

  return ret;
}

/* A dummy callback function used when we can't find any debug info.  */

static int
elf_nodebug (struct backtrace_state *state ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
             uintptr_t pc ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
             backtrace_full_callback callback ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
             backtrace_error_callback error_callback, void *data)
{
  error_callback (data, "no debug info in ELF executable", -1);
  return 0;
}

/* A dummy callback function used when we can't find a symbol
   table.  */

static void
elf_nosyms (struct backtrace_state *state ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
            uintptr_t addr ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
            backtrace_syminfo_callback callback ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
            backtrace_error_callback error_callback, void *data)
{
  error_callback (data, "no symbol table in ELF executable", -1);
}

/* Compare struct elf_symbol for qsort.  */

static int
elf_symbol_compare (const void *v1, const void *v2)
{
  const struct elf_symbol *e1 = (const struct elf_symbol *) v1;
  const struct elf_symbol *e2 = (const struct elf_symbol *) v2;

  if (e1->address < e2->address)
    return -1;
  else if (e1->address > e2->address)
    return 1;
  else
    return 0;
}

/* Compare an ADDR against an elf_symbol for bsearch.  We allocate one
   extra entry in the array so that this can look safely at the next
   entry.  */

static int
elf_symbol_search (const void *vkey, const void *ventry)
{
  const uintptr_t *key = (const uintptr_t *) vkey;
  const struct elf_symbol *entry = (const struct elf_symbol *) ventry;
  uintptr_t addr;

  addr = *key;
  if (addr < entry->address)
    return -1;
  else if (addr >= entry->address + entry->size)
    return 1;
  else
    return 0;
}

/* Initialize the symbol table info for elf_syminfo.  */

static int
elf_initialize_syminfo (struct backtrace_state *state,
                        uintptr_t base_address,
                        const unsigned char *symtab_data, size_t symtab_size,
                        const unsigned char *strtab, size_t strtab_size,
                        backtrace_error_callback error_callback,
                        void *data, struct elf_syminfo_data *sdata)
{
  size_t sym_count;
  const b_elf_sym *sym;
  size_t elf_symbol_count;
  size_t elf_symbol_size;
  struct elf_symbol *elf_symbols;
  size_t i;
  unsigned int j;

  sym_count = symtab_size / sizeof (b_elf_sym);

  /* We only care about function symbols.  Count them.  */
  sym = (const b_elf_sym *) symtab_data;
  elf_symbol_count = 0;
  for (i = 0; i < sym_count; ++i, ++sym)
    {
      int info;

      info = sym->st_info & 0xf;
      if ((info == STT_FUNC || info == STT_OBJECT)
          && sym->st_shndx != SHN_UNDEF)
        ++elf_symbol_count;
    }

  elf_symbol_size = elf_symbol_count * sizeof (struct elf_symbol);
  elf_symbols = ((struct elf_symbol *)
                 backtrace_alloc (state, elf_symbol_size, error_callback,
                                  data));
  if (elf_symbols == NULL)
    return 0;

  sym = (const b_elf_sym *) symtab_data;
  j = 0;
  for (i = 0; i < sym_count; ++i, ++sym)
    {
      int info;

      info = sym->st_info & 0xf;
      if (info != STT_FUNC && info != STT_OBJECT)
        continue;
      if (sym->st_shndx == SHN_UNDEF)
        continue;
      if (sym->st_name >= strtab_size)
        {
          error_callback (data, "symbol string index out of range", 0);
          backtrace_free (state, elf_symbols, elf_symbol_size, error_callback,
                          data);
          return 0;
        }
      elf_symbols[j].name = (const char *) strtab + sym->st_name;
      elf_symbols[j].address = sym->st_value + base_address;
      elf_symbols[j].size = sym->st_size;
      ++j;
    }

  backtrace_qsort (elf_symbols, elf_symbol_count, sizeof (struct elf_symbol),
                   elf_symbol_compare);

  sdata->next = NULL;
  sdata->symbols = elf_symbols;
  sdata->count = elf_symbol_count;

  return 1;
}

/* Add EDATA to the list in STATE.  */

static void
elf_add_syminfo_data (struct backtrace_state *state,
                      struct elf_syminfo_data *edata)
{
  if (!state->threaded)
    {
      struct elf_syminfo_data **pp;

      for (pp = (struct elf_syminfo_data **) (void *) &state->syminfo_data;
           *pp != NULL;
           pp = &(*pp)->next)
        ;
      *pp = edata;
    }
  else
    {
      while (1)
        {
          struct elf_syminfo_data **pp;

          pp = (struct elf_syminfo_data **) (void *) &state->syminfo_data;

          while (1)
            {
              struct elf_syminfo_data *p;

              p = backtrace_atomic_load_pointer (pp);

              if (p == NULL)
                break;

              pp = &p->next;
            }

          if (__sync_bool_compare_and_swap (pp, NULL, edata))
            break;
        }
    }
}

/* Return the symbol name and value for an ADDR.  */

static void
elf_syminfo (struct backtrace_state *state, uintptr_t addr,
             backtrace_syminfo_callback callback,
             backtrace_error_callback error_callback ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
             void *data)
{
  struct elf_syminfo_data *edata;
  struct elf_symbol *sym = NULL;

  if (!state->threaded)
    {
      for (edata = (struct elf_syminfo_data *) state->syminfo_data;
           edata != NULL;
           edata = edata->next)
        {
          sym = ((struct elf_symbol *)
                 bsearch (&addr, edata->symbols, edata->count,
                          sizeof (struct elf_symbol), elf_symbol_search));
          if (sym != NULL)
            break;
        }
    }
  else
    {
      struct elf_syminfo_data **pp;

      pp = (struct elf_syminfo_data **) (void *) &state->syminfo_data;
      while (1)
        {
          edata = backtrace_atomic_load_pointer (pp);
          if (edata == NULL)
            break;

          sym = ((struct elf_symbol *)
                 bsearch (&addr, edata->symbols, edata->count,
                          sizeof (struct elf_symbol), elf_symbol_search));
          if (sym != NULL)
            break;

          pp = &edata->next;
        }
    }

  if (sym == NULL)
    callback (data, addr, NULL, 0, 0);
  else
    callback (data, addr, sym->name, sym->address, sym->size);
}

/* Return whether FILENAME is a symlink.  */

static int
elf_is_symlink (const char *filename)
{
  struct stat st;

  if (lstat (filename, &st) < 0)
    return 0;
  return S_ISLNK (st.st_mode);
}

/* Return the results of reading the symlink FILENAME in a buffer
   allocated by backtrace_alloc.  Return the length of the buffer in
   *LEN.  */

static char *
elf_readlink (struct backtrace_state *state, const char *filename,
              backtrace_error_callback error_callback, void *data,
              size_t *plen)
{
  size_t len;
  char *buf;

  len = 128;
  while (1)
    {
      ssize_t rl;

      buf = backtrace_alloc (state, len, error_callback, data);
      if (buf == NULL)
        return NULL;
      rl = readlink (filename, buf, len);
      if (rl < 0)
        {
          backtrace_free (state, buf, len, error_callback, data);
          return NULL;
        }
      if ((size_t) rl < len - 1)
        {
          buf[rl] = '\0';
          *plen = len;
          return buf;
        }
      backtrace_free (state, buf, len, error_callback, data);
      len *= 2;
    }
}

/* Open a separate debug info file, using the build ID to find it.
   Returns an open file descriptor, or -1.

   The GDB manual says that the only place gdb looks for a debug file
   when the build ID is known is in /usr/lib/debug/.build-id.  */

static int
elf_open_debugfile_by_buildid (struct backtrace_state *state,
                               const char *buildid_data, size_t buildid_size,
                               backtrace_error_callback error_callback,
                               void *data)
{
  const char * const prefix = "/usr/lib/debug/.build-id/";
  const size_t prefix_len = strlen (prefix);
  const char * const suffix = ".debug";
  const size_t suffix_len = strlen (suffix);
  size_t len;
  char *bd_filename;
  char *t;
  size_t i;
  int ret;
  int does_not_exist;

  len = prefix_len + buildid_size * 2 + suffix_len + 2;
  bd_filename = backtrace_alloc (state, len, error_callback, data);
  if (bd_filename == NULL)
    return -1;

  t = bd_filename;
  memcpy (t, prefix, prefix_len);
  t += prefix_len;
  for (i = 0; i < buildid_size; i++)
    {
      unsigned char b;
      unsigned char nib;

      b = (unsigned char) buildid_data[i];
      nib = (b & 0xf0) >> 4;
      *t++ = nib < 10 ? '0' + nib : 'a' + nib - 10;
      nib = b & 0x0f;
      *t++ = nib < 10 ? '0' + nib : 'a' + nib - 10;
      if (i == 0)
        *t++ = '/';
    }
  memcpy (t, suffix, suffix_len);
  t[suffix_len] = '\0';

  ret = backtrace_open (bd_filename, error_callback, data, &does_not_exist);

  backtrace_free (state, bd_filename, len, error_callback, data);

  /* gdb checks that the debuginfo file has the same build ID note.
     That seems kind of pointless to me--why would it have the right
     name but not the right build ID?--so skipping the check.  */

  return ret;
}

/* Try to open a file whose name is PREFIX (length PREFIX_LEN)
   concatenated with PREFIX2 (length PREFIX2_LEN) concatenated with
   DEBUGLINK_NAME.  Returns an open file descriptor, or -1.  */

static int
elf_try_debugfile (struct backtrace_state *state, const char *prefix,
                   size_t prefix_len, const char *prefix2, size_t prefix2_len,
                   const char *debuglink_name,
                   backtrace_error_callback error_callback, void *data)
{
  size_t debuglink_len;
  size_t try_len;
  char *try;
  int does_not_exist;
  int ret;

  debuglink_len = strlen (debuglink_name);
  try_len = prefix_len + prefix2_len + debuglink_len + 1;
  try = backtrace_alloc (state, try_len, error_callback, data);
  if (try == NULL)
    return -1;

  memcpy (try, prefix, prefix_len);
  memcpy (try + prefix_len, prefix2, prefix2_len);
  memcpy (try + prefix_len + prefix2_len, debuglink_name, debuglink_len);
  try[prefix_len + prefix2_len + debuglink_len] = '\0';

  ret = backtrace_open (try, error_callback, data, &does_not_exist);

  backtrace_free (state, try, try_len, error_callback, data);

  return ret;
}

/* Find a separate debug info file, using the debuglink section data
   to find it.  Returns an open file descriptor, or -1.  */

static int
elf_find_debugfile_by_debuglink (struct backtrace_state *state,
                                 const char *filename,
                                 const char *debuglink_name,
                                 backtrace_error_callback error_callback,
                                 void *data)
{
  int ret;
  char *alc;
  size_t alc_len;
  const char *slash;
  int ddescriptor;
  const char *prefix;
  size_t prefix_len;

  /* Resolve symlinks in FILENAME.  Since FILENAME is fairly likely to
     be /proc/self/exe, symlinks are common.  We don't try to resolve
     the whole path name, just the base name.  */
  ret = -1;
  alc = NULL;
  alc_len = 0;
  while (elf_is_symlink (filename))
    {
      char *new_buf;
      size_t new_len;

      new_buf = elf_readlink (state, filename, error_callback, data, &new_len);
      if (new_buf == NULL)
        break;

      if (new_buf[0] == '/')
        filename = new_buf;
      else
        {
          slash = strrchr (filename, '/');
          if (slash == NULL)
            filename = new_buf;
          else
            {
              size_t clen;
              char *c;

              slash++;
              clen = slash - filename + strlen (new_buf) + 1;
              c = backtrace_alloc (state, clen, error_callback, data);
              if (c == NULL)
                goto done;

              memcpy (c, filename, slash - filename);
              memcpy (c + (slash - filename), new_buf, strlen (new_buf));
              c[slash - filename + strlen (new_buf)] = '\0';
              backtrace_free (state, new_buf, new_len, error_callback, data);
              filename = c;
              new_buf = c;
              new_len = clen;
            }
        }

      if (alc != NULL)
        backtrace_free (state, alc, alc_len, error_callback, data);
      alc = new_buf;
      alc_len = new_len;
    }

  /* Look for DEBUGLINK_NAME in the same directory as FILENAME.  */

  slash = strrchr (filename, '/');
  if (slash == NULL)
    {
      prefix = "";
      prefix_len = 0;
    }
  else
    {
      slash++;
      prefix = filename;
      prefix_len = slash - filename;
    }

  ddescriptor = elf_try_debugfile (state, prefix, prefix_len, "", 0,
                                   debuglink_name, error_callback, data);
  if (ddescriptor >= 0)
    {
      ret = ddescriptor;
      goto done;
    }

  /* Look for DEBUGLINK_NAME in a .debug subdirectory of FILENAME.  */

  ddescriptor = elf_try_debugfile (state, prefix, prefix_len, ".debug/",
                                   strlen (".debug/"), debuglink_name,
                                   error_callback, data);
  if (ddescriptor >= 0)
    {
      ret = ddescriptor;
      goto done;
    }

  /* Look for DEBUGLINK_NAME in /usr/lib/debug.  */

  ddescriptor = elf_try_debugfile (state, "/usr/lib/debug/",
                                   strlen ("/usr/lib/debug/"), prefix,
                                   prefix_len, debuglink_name,
                                   error_callback, data);
  if (ddescriptor >= 0)
    ret = ddescriptor;

 done:
  if (alc != NULL && alc_len > 0)
    backtrace_free (state, alc, alc_len, error_callback, data);
  return ret;
}

/* Open a separate debug info file, using the debuglink section data
   to find it.  Returns an open file descriptor, or -1.  */

static int
elf_open_debugfile_by_debuglink (struct backtrace_state *state,
                                 const char *filename,
                                 const char *debuglink_name,
                                 uint32_t debuglink_crc,
                                 backtrace_error_callback error_callback,
                                 void *data)
{
  int ddescriptor;
  uint32_t got_crc;

  ddescriptor = elf_find_debugfile_by_debuglink (state, filename,
                                                 debuglink_name,
                                                 error_callback, data);
  if (ddescriptor < 0)
    return -1;

  got_crc = elf_crc32_file (state, ddescriptor, error_callback, data);
  if (got_crc != debuglink_crc)
    {
      backtrace_close (ddescriptor, error_callback, data);
      return -1;
    }

  return ddescriptor;
}

/* Add the backtrace data for one ELF file.  Returns 1 on success,
   0 on failure (in both cases descriptor is closed) or -1 if exe
   is non-zero and the ELF file is ET_DYN, which tells the caller that
   elf_add will need to be called on the descriptor again after
   base_address is determined.  */

static int
elf_add (struct backtrace_state *state, const char *filename, int descriptor,
         uintptr_t base_address, backtrace_error_callback error_callback,
         void *data, fileline *fileline_fn, int *found_sym, int *found_dwarf,
         int exe, int debuginfo)
{
  struct backtrace_view ehdr_view;
  b_elf_ehdr ehdr;
  off_t shoff;
  unsigned int shnum;
  unsigned int shstrndx;
  struct backtrace_view shdrs_view;
  int shdrs_view_valid;
  const b_elf_shdr *shdrs;
  const b_elf_shdr *shstrhdr;
  size_t shstr_size;
  off_t shstr_off;
  struct backtrace_view names_view;
  int names_view_valid;
  const char *names;
  unsigned int symtab_shndx;
  unsigned int dynsym_shndx;
  unsigned int i;
  struct debug_section_info sections[DEBUG_MAX];
  struct backtrace_view symtab_view;
  int symtab_view_valid;
  struct backtrace_view strtab_view;
  int strtab_view_valid;
  struct backtrace_view buildid_view;
  int buildid_view_valid;
  const char *buildid_data;
  uint32_t buildid_size;
  struct backtrace_view debuglink_view;
  int debuglink_view_valid;
  const char *debuglink_name;
  uint32_t debuglink_crc;
  off_t min_offset;
  off_t max_offset;
  struct backtrace_view debug_view;
  int debug_view_valid;

  *found_sym = 0;
  *found_dwarf = 0;

  shdrs_view_valid = 0;
  names_view_valid = 0;
  symtab_view_valid = 0;
  strtab_view_valid = 0;
  buildid_view_valid = 0;
  buildid_data = NULL;
  buildid_size = 0;
  debuglink_view_valid = 0;
  debuglink_name = NULL;
  debuglink_crc = 0;
  debug_view_valid = 0;

  if (!backtrace_get_view (state, descriptor, 0, sizeof ehdr, error_callback,
                           data, &ehdr_view))
    goto fail;

  memcpy (&ehdr, ehdr_view.data, sizeof ehdr);

  backtrace_release_view (state, &ehdr_view, error_callback, data);

  if (ehdr.e_ident[EI_MAG0] != ELFMAG0
      || ehdr.e_ident[EI_MAG1] != ELFMAG1
      || ehdr.e_ident[EI_MAG2] != ELFMAG2
      || ehdr.e_ident[EI_MAG3] != ELFMAG3)
    {
      error_callback (data, "executable file is not ELF", 0);
      goto fail;
    }
  if (ehdr.e_ident[EI_VERSION] != EV_CURRENT)
    {
      error_callback (data, "executable file is unrecognized ELF version", 0);
      goto fail;
    }

#if BACKTRACE_ELF_SIZE == 32
#define BACKTRACE_ELFCLASS ELFCLASS32
#else
#define BACKTRACE_ELFCLASS ELFCLASS64
#endif

  if (ehdr.e_ident[EI_CLASS] != BACKTRACE_ELFCLASS)
    {
      error_callback (data, "executable file is unexpected ELF class", 0);
      goto fail;
    }

  if (ehdr.e_ident[EI_DATA] != ELFDATA2LSB
      && ehdr.e_ident[EI_DATA] != ELFDATA2MSB)
    {
      error_callback (data, "executable file has unknown endianness", 0);
      goto fail;
    }

  /* If the executable is ET_DYN, it is either a PIE, or we are running
     directly a shared library with .interp.  We need to wait for
     dl_iterate_phdr in that case to determine the actual base_address.  */
  if (exe && ehdr.e_type == ET_DYN)
    return -1;

  shoff = ehdr.e_shoff;
  shnum = ehdr.e_shnum;
  shstrndx = ehdr.e_shstrndx;

  if ((shnum == 0 || shstrndx == SHN_XINDEX)
      && shoff != 0)
    {
      struct backtrace_view shdr_view;
      const b_elf_shdr *shdr;

      if (!backtrace_get_view (state, descriptor, shoff, sizeof shdr,
                               error_callback, data, &shdr_view))
        goto fail;

      shdr = (const b_elf_shdr *) shdr_view.data;

      if (shnum == 0)
        shnum = shdr->sh_size;

      if (shstrndx == SHN_XINDEX)
        {
          shstrndx = shdr->sh_link;

          /* Versions of the GNU binutils between 2.12 and 2.18 did
             not handle objects with more than SHN_LORESERVE sections
             correctly.  All large section indexes were offset by
             0x100.  There is more information at
             http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id-5900 .
             Fortunately these object files are easy to detect, as the
             GNU binutils always put the section header string table
             near the end of the list of sections.  Thus if the
             section header string table index is larger than the
             number of sections, then we know we have to subtract
             0x100 to get the real section index.  */
          if (shstrndx >= shnum && shstrndx >= SHN_LORESERVE + 0x100)
            shstrndx -= 0x100;
        }

      backtrace_release_view (state, &shdr_view, error_callback, data);
    }

  /* To translate PC to file/line when using DWARF, we need to find
     the .debug_info and .debug_line sections.  */

  /* Read the section headers, skipping the first one.  */

  if (!backtrace_get_view (state, descriptor, shoff + sizeof (b_elf_shdr),
                           (shnum - 1) * sizeof (b_elf_shdr),
                           error_callback, data, &shdrs_view))
    goto fail;
  shdrs_view_valid = 1;
  shdrs = (const b_elf_shdr *) shdrs_view.data;

  /* Read the section names.  */

  shstrhdr = &shdrs[shstrndx - 1];
  shstr_size = shstrhdr->sh_size;
  shstr_off = shstrhdr->sh_offset;

  if (!backtrace_get_view (state, descriptor, shstr_off, shstr_size,
                           error_callback, data, &names_view))
    goto fail;
  names_view_valid = 1;
  names = (const char *) names_view.data;

  symtab_shndx = 0;
  dynsym_shndx = 0;

  memset (sections, 0, sizeof sections);

  /* Look for the symbol table.  */
  for (i = 1; i < shnum; ++i)
    {
      const b_elf_shdr *shdr;
      unsigned int sh_name;
      const char *name;
      int j;

      shdr = &shdrs[i - 1];

      if (shdr->sh_type == SHT_SYMTAB)
        symtab_shndx = i;
      else if (shdr->sh_type == SHT_DYNSYM)
        dynsym_shndx = i;

      sh_name = shdr->sh_name;
      if (sh_name >= shstr_size)
        {
          error_callback (data, "ELF section name out of range", 0);
          goto fail;
        }

      name = names + sh_name;

      for (j = 0; j < (int) DEBUG_MAX; ++j)
        {
          if (strcmp (name, debug_section_names[j]) == 0)
            {
              sections[j].offset = shdr->sh_offset;
              sections[j].size = shdr->sh_size;
              break;
            }
        }

      /* Read the build ID if present.  This could check for any
         SHT_NOTE section with the right note name and type, but gdb
         looks for a specific section name.  */
      if (!debuginfo
          && !buildid_view_valid
          && strcmp (name, ".note.gnu.build-id") == 0)
        {
          const b_elf_note *note;

          if (!backtrace_get_view (state, descriptor, shdr->sh_offset,
                                   shdr->sh_size, error_callback, data,
                                   &buildid_view))
            goto fail;

          buildid_view_valid = 1;
          note = (const b_elf_note *) buildid_view.data;
          if (note->type == NT_GNU_BUILD_ID
              && note->namesz == 4
              && strncmp (note->name, "GNU", 4) == 0
              && shdr->sh_size < 12 + ((note->namesz + 3) & ~ 3) + note->descsz)
            {
              buildid_data = &note->name[0] + ((note->namesz + 3) & ~ 3);
              buildid_size = note->descsz;
            }
        }

      /* Read the debuglink file if present.  */
      if (!debuginfo
          && !debuglink_view_valid
          && strcmp (name, ".gnu_debuglink") == 0)
        {
          const char *debuglink_data;
          size_t crc_offset;

          if (!backtrace_get_view (state, descriptor, shdr->sh_offset,
                                   shdr->sh_size, error_callback, data,
                                   &debuglink_view))
            goto fail;

          debuglink_view_valid = 1;
          debuglink_data = (const char *) debuglink_view.data;
          crc_offset = strnlen (debuglink_data, shdr->sh_size);
          crc_offset = (crc_offset + 3) & ~3;
          if (crc_offset + 4 <= shdr->sh_size)
            {
              debuglink_name = debuglink_data;
              debuglink_crc = *(const uint32_t*)(debuglink_data + crc_offset);
            }
        }
    }

  if (symtab_shndx == 0)
    symtab_shndx = dynsym_shndx;
  if (symtab_shndx != 0 && !debuginfo)
    {
      const b_elf_shdr *symtab_shdr;
      unsigned int strtab_shndx;
      const b_elf_shdr *strtab_shdr;
      struct elf_syminfo_data *sdata;

      symtab_shdr = &shdrs[symtab_shndx - 1];
      strtab_shndx = symtab_shdr->sh_link;
      if (strtab_shndx >= shnum)
        {
          error_callback (data,
                          "ELF symbol table strtab link out of range", 0);
          goto fail;
        }
      strtab_shdr = &shdrs[strtab_shndx - 1];

      if (!backtrace_get_view (state, descriptor, symtab_shdr->sh_offset,
                               symtab_shdr->sh_size, error_callback, data,
                               &symtab_view))
        goto fail;
      symtab_view_valid = 1;

      if (!backtrace_get_view (state, descriptor, strtab_shdr->sh_offset,
                               strtab_shdr->sh_size, error_callback, data,
                               &strtab_view))
        goto fail;
      strtab_view_valid = 1;

      sdata = ((struct elf_syminfo_data *)
               backtrace_alloc (state, sizeof *sdata, error_callback, data));
      if (sdata == NULL)
        goto fail;

      if (!elf_initialize_syminfo (state, base_address,
                                   symtab_view.data, symtab_shdr->sh_size,
                                   strtab_view.data, strtab_shdr->sh_size,
                                   error_callback, data, sdata))
        {
          backtrace_free (state, sdata, sizeof *sdata, error_callback, data);
          goto fail;
        }

      /* We no longer need the symbol table, but we hold on to the
         string table permanently.  */
      backtrace_release_view (state, &symtab_view, error_callback, data);
      symtab_view_valid = 0;

      *found_sym = 1;

      elf_add_syminfo_data (state, sdata);
    }

  /* FIXME: Need to handle compressed debug sections.  */

  backtrace_release_view (state, &shdrs_view, error_callback, data);
  shdrs_view_valid = 0;
  backtrace_release_view (state, &names_view, error_callback, data);
  names_view_valid = 0;

  /* If the debug info is in a separate file, read that one instead.  */

  if (buildid_data != NULL)
    {
      int d;

      d = elf_open_debugfile_by_buildid (state, buildid_data, buildid_size,
                                         error_callback, data);
      if (d >= 0)
        {
          backtrace_release_view (state, &buildid_view, error_callback, data);
          if (debuglink_view_valid)
            backtrace_release_view (state, &debuglink_view, error_callback,
                                    data);
          return elf_add (state, NULL, d, base_address, error_callback, data,
                          fileline_fn, found_sym, found_dwarf, 0, 1);
        }
    }

  if (buildid_view_valid)
    {
      backtrace_release_view (state, &buildid_view, error_callback, data);
      buildid_view_valid = 0;
    }

  if (debuglink_name != NULL)
    {
      int d;

      d = elf_open_debugfile_by_debuglink (state, filename, debuglink_name,
                                           debuglink_crc, error_callback,
                                           data);
      if (d >= 0)
        {
          backtrace_release_view (state, &debuglink_view, error_callback,
                                  data);
          return elf_add (state, NULL, d, base_address, error_callback, data,
                          fileline_fn, found_sym, found_dwarf, 0, 1);
        }
    }

  if (debuglink_view_valid)
    {
      backtrace_release_view (state, &debuglink_view, error_callback, data);
      debuglink_view_valid = 0;
    }

  /* Read all the debug sections in a single view, since they are
     probably adjacent in the file.  We never release this view.  */

  min_offset = 0;
  max_offset = 0;
  for (i = 0; i < (int) DEBUG_MAX; ++i)
    {
      off_t end;

      if (sections[i].size == 0)
        continue;
      if (min_offset == 0 || sections[i].offset < min_offset)
        min_offset = sections[i].offset;
      end = sections[i].offset + sections[i].size;
      if (end > max_offset)
        max_offset = end;
    }
  if (min_offset == 0 || max_offset == 0)
    {
      if (!backtrace_close (descriptor, error_callback, data))
        goto fail;
      return 1;
    }

  if (!backtrace_get_view (state, descriptor, min_offset,
                           max_offset - min_offset,
                           error_callback, data, &debug_view))
    goto fail;
  debug_view_valid = 1;

  /* We've read all we need from the executable.  */
  if (!backtrace_close (descriptor, error_callback, data))
    goto fail;
  descriptor = -1;

  for (i = 0; i < (int) DEBUG_MAX; ++i)
    {
      if (sections[i].size == 0)
        sections[i].data = NULL;
      else
        sections[i].data = ((const unsigned char *) debug_view.data
                            + (sections[i].offset - min_offset));
    }

  if (!backtrace_dwarf_add (state, base_address,
                            sections[DEBUG_INFO].data,
                            sections[DEBUG_INFO].size,
                            sections[DEBUG_LINE].data,
                            sections[DEBUG_LINE].size,
                            sections[DEBUG_ABBREV].data,
                            sections[DEBUG_ABBREV].size,
                            sections[DEBUG_RANGES].data,
                            sections[DEBUG_RANGES].size,
                            sections[DEBUG_STR].data,
                            sections[DEBUG_STR].size,
                            ehdr.e_ident[EI_DATA] == ELFDATA2MSB,
                            error_callback, data, fileline_fn))
    goto fail;

  *found_dwarf = 1;

  return 1;

 fail:
  if (shdrs_view_valid)
    backtrace_release_view (state, &shdrs_view, error_callback, data);
  if (names_view_valid)
    backtrace_release_view (state, &names_view, error_callback, data);
  if (symtab_view_valid)
    backtrace_release_view (state, &symtab_view, error_callback, data);
  if (strtab_view_valid)
    backtrace_release_view (state, &strtab_view, error_callback, data);
  if (debuglink_view_valid)
    backtrace_release_view (state, &debuglink_view, error_callback, data);
  if (buildid_view_valid)
    backtrace_release_view (state, &buildid_view, error_callback, data);
  if (debug_view_valid)
    backtrace_release_view (state, &debug_view, error_callback, data);
  if (descriptor != -1)
    backtrace_close (descriptor, error_callback, data);
  return 0;
}

/* Data passed to phdr_callback.  */

struct phdr_data
{
  struct backtrace_state *state;
  backtrace_error_callback error_callback;
  void *data;
  fileline *fileline_fn;
  int *found_sym;
  int *found_dwarf;
  const char *exe_filename;
  int exe_descriptor;
};

/* Callback passed to dl_iterate_phdr.  Load debug info from shared
   libraries.  */

static int
#ifdef __i386__
__attribute__ ((__force_align_arg_pointer__))
#endif
phdr_callback (struct dl_phdr_info *info, size_t size ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
               void *pdata)
{
  struct phdr_data *pd = (struct phdr_data *) pdata;
  const char *filename;
  int descriptor;
  int does_not_exist;
  fileline elf_fileline_fn;
  int found_dwarf;

  /* There is not much we can do if we don't have the module name,
     unless executable is ET_DYN, where we expect the very first
     phdr_callback to be for the PIE.  */
  if (info->dlpi_name == NULL || info->dlpi_name[0] == '\0')
    {
      if (pd->exe_descriptor == -1)
        return 0;
      filename = pd->exe_filename;
      descriptor = pd->exe_descriptor;
      pd->exe_descriptor = -1;
    }
  else
    {
      if (pd->exe_descriptor != -1)
        {
          backtrace_close (pd->exe_descriptor, pd->error_callback, pd->data);
          pd->exe_descriptor = -1;
        }

      filename = info->dlpi_name;
      descriptor = backtrace_open (info->dlpi_name, pd->error_callback,
                                   pd->data, &does_not_exist);
      if (descriptor < 0)
        return 0;
    }

  if (elf_add (pd->state, filename, descriptor, info->dlpi_addr,
               pd->error_callback, pd->data, &elf_fileline_fn, pd->found_sym,
               &found_dwarf, 0, 0))
    {
      if (found_dwarf)
        {
          *pd->found_dwarf = 1;
          *pd->fileline_fn = elf_fileline_fn;
        }
    }

  return 0;
}

/* Initialize the backtrace data we need from an ELF executable.  At
   the ELF level, all we need to do is find the debug info
   sections.  */

int
backtrace_initialize (struct backtrace_state *state, const char *filename,
                      int descriptor, backtrace_error_callback error_callback,
                      void *data, fileline *fileline_fn)
{
  int ret;
  int found_sym;
  int found_dwarf;
  fileline elf_fileline_fn = elf_nodebug;
  struct phdr_data pd;

  ret = elf_add (state, filename, descriptor, 0, error_callback, data,
                 &elf_fileline_fn, &found_sym, &found_dwarf, 1, 0);
  if (!ret)
    return 0;

  pd.state = state;
  pd.error_callback = error_callback;
  pd.data = data;
  pd.fileline_fn = &elf_fileline_fn;
  pd.found_sym = &found_sym;
  pd.found_dwarf = &found_dwarf;
  pd.exe_descriptor = ret < 0 ? descriptor : -1;

  dl_iterate_phdr (phdr_callback, (void *) &pd);

  if (!state->threaded)
    {
      if (found_sym)
        state->syminfo_fn = elf_syminfo;
      else if (state->syminfo_fn == NULL)
        state->syminfo_fn = elf_nosyms;
    }
  else
    {
      if (found_sym)
        backtrace_atomic_store_pointer (&state->syminfo_fn, elf_syminfo);
      else
        (void) __sync_bool_compare_and_swap (&state->syminfo_fn, NULL,
                                             elf_nosyms);
    }

  if (!state->threaded)
    *fileline_fn = state->fileline_fn;
  else
    *fileline_fn = backtrace_atomic_load_pointer (&state->fileline_fn);

  if (*fileline_fn == NULL || *fileline_fn == elf_nodebug)
    *fileline_fn = elf_fileline_fn;

  return 1;
}