codecvt_specializations.h: Change #ifdef _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS to a comment.

[gcc.git] / libstdc++-v3 / include / bits / locale_facets.tcc

// Locale support -*- C++ -*-

// Copyright (C) 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003
// Free Software Foundation, Inc.
//
// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
// Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
// any later version.

// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.

// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
// with this library; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the Free
// Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307,
// USA.

// As a special exception, you may use this file as part of a free software
// library without restriction.  Specifically, if other files instantiate
// templates or use macros or inline functions from this file, or you compile
// this file and link it with other files to produce an executable, this
// file does not by itself cause the resulting executable to be covered by
// the GNU General Public License.  This exception does not however
// invalidate any other reasons why the executable file might be covered by
// the GNU General Public License.

// Warning: this file is not meant for user inclusion. Use <locale>.

#ifndef _LOCALE_FACETS_TCC
#define _LOCALE_FACETS_TCC 1

#pragma GCC system_header

#include <cerrno>
#include <clocale>              // For localeconv
#include <cstdlib>              // For strof, strtold
#include <cmath>                // For ceil
#include <cctype>               // For isspace
#include <limits>               // For numeric_limits
#include <typeinfo>             // For bad_cast.
#include <bits/streambuf_iterator.h>

namespace std
{
  template<typename _Facet>
    locale
    locale::combine(const locale& __other) const
    {
      _Impl* __tmp = new _Impl(*_M_impl, 1);
      try
        {
          __tmp->_M_replace_facet(__other._M_impl, &_Facet::id);
        }
      catch(...)
        {
          __tmp->_M_remove_reference();
          __throw_exception_again;
        }
      return locale(__tmp);
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
    bool
    locale::operator()(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __s1,
                       const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __s2) const
    {
      typedef std::collate<_CharT> __collate_type;
      const __collate_type& __collate = use_facet<__collate_type>(*this);
      return (__collate.compare(__s1.data(), __s1.data() + __s1.length(),
                                __s2.data(), __s2.data() + __s2.length()) < 0);
    }

  template<typename _Facet>
    inline bool
    has_facet(const locale& __loc) throw()
    {
      const size_t __i = _Facet::id._M_id();
      const locale::facet** __facets = __loc._M_impl->_M_facets;
      return (__i < __loc._M_impl->_M_facets_size && __facets[__i]);
    }

  template<typename _Facet>
    inline const _Facet&
    use_facet(const locale& __loc)
    {
      const size_t __i = _Facet::id._M_id();
      const locale::facet** __facets = __loc._M_impl->_M_facets;
      if (!(__i < __loc._M_impl->_M_facets_size && __facets[__i]))
        __throw_bad_cast();
      return static_cast<const _Facet&>(*__facets[__i]);
    }

  // Routine to access a cache for the facet.  If the cache didn't
  // exist before, it gets constructed on the fly.
  template<typename _Facet>
    struct __use_cache
    {
      const _Facet*
      operator() (const locale& __loc) const;
    };

  template<typename _CharT>
    struct __use_cache<__numpunct_cache<_CharT> >
    {
      const __numpunct_cache<_CharT>*
      operator() (const locale& __loc) const
      {
        const size_t __i = numpunct<_CharT>::id._M_id();
        const locale::facet** __caches = __loc._M_impl->_M_caches;
        if (!__caches[__i])
          {
            __numpunct_cache<_CharT>* __tmp = NULL;
            try
              {
                __tmp = new __numpunct_cache<_CharT>;
                __tmp->_M_cache(__loc);
              }
            catch(...)
              {
                delete __tmp;
                __throw_exception_again;
              }
            __loc._M_impl->_M_install_cache(__tmp, __i);
          }
        return static_cast<const __numpunct_cache<_CharT>*>(__caches[__i]);
      }
    };

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    num_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    _M_extract_float(_InIter __beg, _InIter __end, ios_base& __io,
                     ios_base::iostate& __err, string& __xtrc) const
    {
      typedef char_traits<_CharT>                       __traits_type;
      typedef typename numpunct<_CharT>::__cache_type   __cache_type;
      __use_cache<__cache_type> __uc;
      const locale& __loc = __io._M_getloc();
      const __cache_type* __lc = __uc(__loc);
      const _CharT* __lit = __lc->_M_atoms_in;

      // First check for sign.
      int __pos = 0;
      char_type  __c = *__beg;
      const bool __plus = __traits_type::eq(__c, __lit[_S_iplus]);
      if ((__plus || __traits_type::eq(__c, __lit[_S_iminus])) 
          && __beg != __end)
        {
          __xtrc += __plus ? _S_atoms_in[_S_iplus] : _S_atoms_in[_S_iminus];
          ++__pos;
          __c = *(++__beg);
        }

      // Next, strip leading zeros.
      bool __found_zero = false;
      while (__traits_type::eq(__c, __lit[_S_izero]) && __beg != __end)
        {
          __c = *(++__beg);
          __found_zero = true;
        }
      if (__found_zero)
        {
          __xtrc += _S_atoms_in[_S_izero];
          ++__pos;
        }

      // Only need acceptable digits for floating point numbers.
      bool __found_dec = false;
      bool __found_sci = false;
      string __found_grouping;
      const size_t __len = _S_iE - _S_izero + 1;
      int __sep_pos = 0;
      bool __e;
      while (__beg != __end)
        {
          // Only look in digits.
          const char_type* __p = __traits_type::find(__lit + _S_izero, 10, 
                                                     __c);

          // NB: strchr returns true for __c == 0x0
          if (__p && !__traits_type::eq(__c, char_type()))
            {
              // Try first for acceptable digit; record it if found.
              ++__pos;
              __xtrc += _S_atoms_in[__p - __lit];
              ++__sep_pos;
              __c = *(++__beg);
            }
          else if (__traits_type::eq(__c, __lc->_M_thousands_sep) 
                   && __lc->_M_use_grouping && !__found_dec)
            {
              // NB: Thousands separator at the beginning of a string
              // is a no-no, as is two consecutive thousands separators.
              if (__sep_pos)
                {
                  __found_grouping += static_cast<char>(__sep_pos);
                  __sep_pos = 0;
                  __c = *(++__beg);
                }
              else
                {
                  __err |= ios_base::failbit;
                  break;
                }
            }
          else if (__traits_type::eq(__c, __lc->_M_decimal_point) 
                   && !__found_dec)
            {
              // According to the standard, if no grouping chars are seen,
              // no grouping check is applied. Therefore __found_grouping
              // must be adjusted only if __dec comes after some __sep.
              if (__found_grouping.size())
                __found_grouping += static_cast<char>(__sep_pos);
              ++__pos;
              __xtrc += '.';
              __c = *(++__beg);
              __found_dec = true;
            }
          else if ((__e = __traits_type::eq(__c, __lit[_S_ie]) 
                    || __traits_type::eq(__c, __lit[_S_iE])) 
                   && !__found_sci && __pos)
            {
              // Scientific notation.
              ++__pos;
              __xtrc += __e ? _S_atoms_in[_S_ie] : _S_atoms_in[_S_iE];
              __c = *(++__beg);

              // Remove optional plus or minus sign, if they exist.
              const bool __plus = __traits_type::eq(__c, __lit[_S_iplus]);
              if (__plus || __traits_type::eq(__c, __lit[_S_iminus]))
                {
                  ++__pos;
                  __xtrc += __plus ? _S_atoms_in[_S_iplus] 
                                   : _S_atoms_in[_S_iminus];
                  __c = *(++__beg);
                }
              __found_sci = true;
            }
          else
            // Not a valid input item.
            break;
        }

      // Digit grouping is checked. If grouping and found_grouping don't
      // match, then get very very upset, and set failbit.
      if (__lc->_M_use_grouping && __found_grouping.size())
        {
          // Add the ending grouping if a decimal wasn't found.
          if (!__found_dec)
            __found_grouping += static_cast<char>(__sep_pos);

          const string __grouping = __lc->_M_grouping;
          if (!std::__verify_grouping(__grouping, __found_grouping))
            __err |= ios_base::failbit;
        }

      // Finish up.
      __xtrc += char();
      if (__beg == __end)
        __err |= ios_base::eofbit;
      return __beg;
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    num_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    _M_extract_int(_InIter __beg, _InIter __end, ios_base& __io,
                   ios_base::iostate& __err, string& __xtrc, int& __base) const
    {
      typedef char_traits<_CharT>                       __traits_type;
      typedef typename numpunct<_CharT>::__cache_type   __cache_type;
      __use_cache<__cache_type> __uc;
      const locale& __loc = __io._M_getloc();
      const __cache_type* __lc = __uc(__loc);
      const _CharT* __lit = __lc->_M_atoms_in;
 
      // NB: Iff __basefield == 0, this can change based on contents.
      const ios_base::fmtflags __basefield = __io.flags() & ios_base::basefield;
      if (__basefield == ios_base::oct)
        __base = 8;
      else if (__basefield == ios_base::hex)
        __base = 16;
      else
        __base = 10;

      // First check for sign.
      int __pos = 0;
      char_type  __c = *__beg;
      const bool __plus = __traits_type::eq(__c, __lit[_S_iplus]);
      if ((__plus || __traits_type::eq(__c, __lit[_S_iminus])) 
          && __beg != __end)
        {
          __xtrc += __plus ? _S_atoms_in[_S_iplus] : _S_atoms_in[_S_iminus];
          ++__pos;
          __c = *(++__beg);
        }

      // Next, strip leading zeros and check required digits for base formats.
      if (__base == 10)
        {
          bool __found_zero = false;
          while (__traits_type::eq(__c, __lit[_S_izero]) && __beg != __end)
            {
              __c = *(++__beg);
              __found_zero = true;
            }
          if (__found_zero)
            {
              __xtrc += _S_atoms_in[_S_izero];
              ++__pos;
              if (__basefield == 0)
                {             
                  const bool __x = __traits_type::eq(__c, __lit[_S_ix]);
                  if ((__x || __traits_type::eq(__c, __lit[_S_iX]))
                      && __beg != __end)
                    {
                      __xtrc += __x ? _S_atoms_in[_S_ix] : _S_atoms_in[_S_iX];
                      ++__pos;
                      __c = *(++__beg);
                      __base = 16;
                    }
                  else 
                    __base = 8;
                }
            }
        }
      else if (__base == 16)
        {
          if (__traits_type::eq(__c, __lit[_S_izero]) && __beg != __end)
            {
              __xtrc += _S_atoms_in[_S_izero];
              ++__pos;
              __c = *(++__beg); 

              const bool __x = __traits_type::eq(__c, __lit[_S_ix]);
              if ((__x || __traits_type::eq(__c, __lit[_S_iX]))
                  && __beg != __end)
                {
                  __xtrc += __x ? _S_atoms_in[_S_ix] : _S_atoms_in[_S_iX];
                  ++__pos;
                  __c = *(++__beg);
                }
            }
        }

      // At this point, base is determined. If not hex, only allow
      // base digits as valid input.
      const size_t __len = __base == 16 ? _S_iend : __base;

      // Extract.
      string __found_grouping;
      const char_type __sep = __lc->_M_thousands_sep;
      int __sep_pos = 0;
      while (__beg != __end)
        {
          const char_type* __p = __traits_type::find(__lit + _S_izero, 
                                                     __len,  __c);

          // NB: strchr returns true for __c == 0x0
          if (__p && !__traits_type::eq(__c, char_type()))
            {
              // Try first for acceptable digit; record it if found.
              __xtrc += _S_atoms_in[__p - __lit];
              ++__pos;
              ++__sep_pos;
              __c = *(++__beg);
            }
          else if (__traits_type::eq(__c, __sep) && __lc->_M_use_grouping)
            {
              // NB: Thousands separator at the beginning of a string
              // is a no-no, as is two consecutive thousands separators.
              if (__sep_pos)
                {
                  __found_grouping += static_cast<char>(__sep_pos);
                  __sep_pos = 0;
                  __c = *(++__beg);
                }
              else
                {
                  __err |= ios_base::failbit;
                  break;
                }
            }
          else
            // Not a valid input item.
            break;
        }

      // Digit grouping is checked. If grouping and found_grouping don't
      // match, then get very very upset, and set failbit.
      if (__lc->_M_use_grouping && __found_grouping.size())
        {
          // Add the ending grouping.
          __found_grouping += static_cast<char>(__sep_pos);

          const string __grouping = __lc->_M_grouping;
          if (!std::__verify_grouping(__grouping, __found_grouping))
            __err |= ios_base::failbit;
        }

      // Finish up.
      __xtrc += char();
      if (__beg == __end)
        __err |= ios_base::eofbit;
      return __beg;
    }

  // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
  // 17.  Bad bool parsing
  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    num_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
           ios_base::iostate& __err, bool& __v) const
    {
      if (!(__io.flags() & ios_base::boolalpha))
        {
          // Parse bool values as unsigned long.
          // NB: We can't just call do_get(long) here, as it might
          // refer to a derived class.
          string __xtrc;
          int __base;
          __beg = _M_extract_int(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __xtrc, __base);

          unsigned long __ul; 
          std::__convert_to_v(__xtrc.c_str(), __ul, __err, 
                              _S_get_c_locale(), __base);
          if (!(__err & ios_base::failbit) && __ul <= 1)
            __v = __ul;
          else 
            __err |= ios_base::failbit;
        }
      else
        {
          // Parse bool values as alphanumeric.
          typedef char_traits<_CharT>           __traits_type;
          typedef typename numpunct<_CharT>::__cache_type       __cache_type;
          __use_cache<__cache_type> __uc;
          const locale& __loc = __io._M_getloc();
          const __cache_type* __lc = __uc(__loc);
          const size_t __tn = __traits_type::length(__lc->_M_truename) - 1;
          const size_t __fn = __traits_type::length(__lc->_M_falsename) - 1;

          bool __testf = false;
          bool __testt = false;
          for (size_t __n = 0; __beg != __end; ++__n)
            {
              const char_type __c = *__beg;
              ++__beg;

              if (__n <= __fn)
                __testf = __traits_type::eq(__c, __lc->_M_falsename[__n]);

              if (__n <= __tn)
                __testt = __traits_type::eq(__c, __lc->_M_truename[__n]);

              if (!(__testf || __testt))
                {
                  __err |= ios_base::failbit;
                  break;
                }
              else if (__testf && __n == __fn)
                {
                  __v = 0;
                  break;
                }
              else if (__testt && __n == __tn)
                {
                  __v = 1;
                  break;
                }
            }
          if (__beg == __end)
            __err |= ios_base::eofbit;
        }
      return __beg;
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    num_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
           ios_base::iostate& __err, long& __v) const
    {
      string __xtrc;
      int __base;
      __beg = _M_extract_int(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __xtrc, __base);
      std::__convert_to_v(__xtrc.c_str(), __v, __err,
                          _S_get_c_locale(), __base);
      return __beg;
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    num_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
           ios_base::iostate& __err, unsigned short& __v) const
    {
      string __xtrc;
      int __base;
      __beg = _M_extract_int(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __xtrc, __base);
      unsigned long __ul;
      std::__convert_to_v(__xtrc.c_str(), __ul, __err,
                          _S_get_c_locale(), __base);
      if (!(__err & ios_base::failbit) 
          && __ul <= numeric_limits<unsigned short>::max())
        __v = static_cast<unsigned short>(__ul);
      else 
        __err |= ios_base::failbit;
      return __beg;
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    num_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
           ios_base::iostate& __err, unsigned int& __v) const
    {
      string __xtrc;
      int __base;
      __beg = _M_extract_int(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __xtrc, __base);
      unsigned long __ul;
      std::__convert_to_v(__xtrc.c_str(), __ul, __err,
                          _S_get_c_locale(), __base);
      if (!(__err & ios_base::failbit) 
          && __ul <= numeric_limits<unsigned int>::max())
        __v = static_cast<unsigned int>(__ul);
      else 
        __err |= ios_base::failbit;
      return __beg;
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    num_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
           ios_base::iostate& __err, unsigned long& __v) const
    {
      string __xtrc;
      int __base;
      __beg = _M_extract_int(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __xtrc, __base);
      std::__convert_to_v(__xtrc.c_str(), __v, __err,
                          _S_get_c_locale(), __base);
      return __beg;
    }

#ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_LONG_LONG
  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    num_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
           ios_base::iostate& __err, long long& __v) const
    {
      string __xtrc;
      int __base;
      __beg = _M_extract_int(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __xtrc, __base);
      std::__convert_to_v(__xtrc.c_str(), __v, __err,
                          _S_get_c_locale(), __base);
      return __beg;
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    num_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
           ios_base::iostate& __err, unsigned long long& __v) const
    {
      string __xtrc;
      int __base;
      __beg = _M_extract_int(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __xtrc, __base);
      std::__convert_to_v(__xtrc.c_str(), __v, __err,
                          _S_get_c_locale(), __base);
      return __beg;
    }
#endif

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    num_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io, 
           ios_base::iostate& __err, float& __v) const
    {
      string __xtrc;
      __xtrc.reserve(32);
      __beg = _M_extract_float(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __xtrc);
      std::__convert_to_v(__xtrc.c_str(), __v, __err,
                          _S_get_c_locale());
      return __beg;
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    num_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
           ios_base::iostate& __err, double& __v) const
    {
      string __xtrc;
      __xtrc.reserve(32);
      __beg = _M_extract_float(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __xtrc);
      std::__convert_to_v(__xtrc.c_str(), __v, __err, _S_get_c_locale());
      return __beg;
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    num_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
           ios_base::iostate& __err, long double& __v) const
    {
      string __xtrc;
      __xtrc.reserve(32);
      __beg = _M_extract_float(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __xtrc);
      std::__convert_to_v(__xtrc.c_str(), __v, __err, _S_get_c_locale());
      return __beg;
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    num_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
           ios_base::iostate& __err, void*& __v) const
    {
      // Prepare for hex formatted input.
      typedef ios_base::fmtflags        fmtflags;
      const fmtflags __fmt = __io.flags();
      const fmtflags __fmtmask = ~(ios_base::showpos | ios_base::basefield
                                   | ios_base::uppercase | ios_base::internal);
      __io.flags(__fmt & __fmtmask | (ios_base::hex | ios_base::showbase));

      string __xtrc;
      int __base;
      __beg = _M_extract_int(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __xtrc, __base);

      // Reset from hex formatted input.
      __io.flags(__fmt);

      unsigned long __ul;
      std::__convert_to_v(__xtrc.c_str(), __ul, __err,
                          _S_get_c_locale(), __base);
      if (!(__err & ios_base::failbit))
        __v = reinterpret_cast<void*>(__ul);
      else 
        __err |= ios_base::failbit;
      return __beg;
    }

  // For use by integer and floating-point types after they have been
  // converted into a char_type string.
  template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
    void
    num_put<_CharT, _OutIter>::
    _M_pad(_CharT __fill, streamsize __w, ios_base& __io, 
           _CharT* __new, const _CharT* __cs, int& __len) const
    {
      // [22.2.2.2.2] Stage 3.
      // If necessary, pad.
      __pad<_CharT, char_traits<_CharT> >::_S_pad(__io, __fill, __new, __cs, 
                                                  __w, __len, true);
      __len = static_cast<int>(__w);
    }

  // Forwarding functions to peel signed from unsigned integer types.
  template<typename _CharT>
    inline int
    __int_to_char(_CharT* __out, const int __size, long __v,
                  const _CharT* __lit, ios_base::fmtflags __flags)
    {
      unsigned long __ul = static_cast<unsigned long>(__v);
      bool __neg = false;
      if (__v < 0) 
        {
          __ul = -__ul;
          __neg = true;
        }
      return __int_to_char(__out, __size, __ul, __lit, __flags, __neg); 
    }

  template<typename _CharT>
    inline int
    __int_to_char(_CharT* __out, const int __size, unsigned long __v,
                  const _CharT* __lit, ios_base::fmtflags __flags)
    { return __int_to_char(__out, __size, __v, __lit, __flags, false); }

#ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_LONG_LONG
  template<typename _CharT>
    inline int
    __int_to_char(_CharT* __out, const int __size, long long __v,
                  const _CharT* __lit, ios_base::fmtflags __flags)
    { 
      unsigned long long __ull = static_cast<unsigned long long>(__v);
      bool __neg = false;
      if (__v < 0) 
        {
          __ull = -__ull;
          __neg = true;
        }
      return __int_to_char(__out, __size, __ull, __lit, __flags, __neg); 
    }

  template<typename _CharT>
    inline int
    __int_to_char(_CharT* __out, const int __size, unsigned long long __v,
                  const _CharT* __lit, ios_base::fmtflags __flags)
    { return __int_to_char(__out, __size, __v, __lit, __flags, false); }
#endif
      
  template<typename _CharT, typename _ValueT>
    int
    __int_to_char(_CharT* __out, const int __size, _ValueT __v,
                  const _CharT* __lit, ios_base::fmtflags __flags, bool __neg)
    {
      // Don't write base if already 0.
      const bool __showbase = (__flags & ios_base::showbase) && __v;
      const ios_base::fmtflags __basefield = __flags & ios_base::basefield;
      _CharT* const __bufend = __out + __size;
      _CharT* __buf = __bufend - 1;

      if (__builtin_expect(__basefield != ios_base::oct &&
                           __basefield != ios_base::hex, true))
        {
          // Decimal.
          do 
            {
              *__buf-- = __lit[(__v % 10) + __num_base::_S_odigits];
              __v /= 10;
            } 
          while (__v != 0);
          if (__neg)
            *__buf-- = __lit[__num_base::_S_ominus];
          else if (__flags & ios_base::showpos)
            *__buf-- = __lit[__num_base::_S_oplus];
        }
      else if (__basefield == ios_base::oct)
        {
          // Octal.
          do 
            {
              *__buf-- = __lit[(__v & 0x7) + __num_base::_S_odigits];
              __v >>= 3;
            } 
          while (__v != 0);
          if (__showbase)
            *__buf-- = __lit[__num_base::_S_odigits];
        }
      else
        {
          // Hex.
          const bool __uppercase = __flags & ios_base::uppercase;
          const int __case_offset = __uppercase ? __num_base::_S_oudigits 
                                                : __num_base::_S_odigits;
          do 
            {
              *__buf-- = __lit[(__v & 0xf) + __case_offset];
              __v >>= 4;
            } 
          while (__v != 0);
          if (__showbase)
            {
              // 'x' or 'X'
              *__buf-- = __lit[__num_base::_S_ox + __uppercase];
              // '0'
              *__buf-- = __lit[__num_base::_S_odigits];
            }
        }
      return __bufend - __buf - 1;
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
    void
    num_put<_CharT, _OutIter>::
    _M_group_int(const string& __grouping, _CharT __sep, ios_base& __io, 
                 _CharT* __new, _CharT* __cs, int& __len) const
    {
      // By itself __add_grouping cannot deal correctly with __ws when
      // ios::showbase is set and ios_base::oct || ios_base::hex.
      // Therefore we take care "by hand" of the initial 0, 0x or 0X.
      // However, remember that the latter do not occur if the number
      // printed is '0' (__len == 1).
      streamsize __off = 0;
      const ios_base::fmtflags __basefield = __io.flags() 
                                             & ios_base::basefield;
      if ((__io.flags() & ios_base::showbase) && __len > 1)
        if (__basefield == ios_base::oct)
          {
            __off = 1;
            __new[0] = __cs[0];
          }
        else if (__basefield == ios_base::hex)
          {
            __off = 2;
            __new[0] = __cs[0];
            __new[1] = __cs[1];
          }
      _CharT* __p;
      __p = std::__add_grouping(__new + __off, __sep, __grouping.c_str(), 
                                __grouping.c_str() + __grouping.size(),
                                __cs + __off, __cs + __len);
      __len = __p - __new;
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
    template<typename _ValueT>
      _OutIter
      num_put<_CharT, _OutIter>::
      _M_insert_int(_OutIter __s, ios_base& __io, _CharT __fill, 
                     _ValueT __v) const
      {
        typedef typename numpunct<_CharT>::__cache_type __cache_type;
        __use_cache<__cache_type> __uc;
        const locale& __loc = __io._M_getloc();
        const __cache_type* __lc = __uc(__loc);
        const _CharT* __lit = __lc->_M_atoms_out;

        // Long enough to hold hex, dec, and octal representations.
        const int __ilen = 4 * sizeof(_ValueT);
        _CharT* __cs = static_cast<_CharT*>(__builtin_alloca(sizeof(_CharT) 
                                                             * __ilen));

        // [22.2.2.2.2] Stage 1, numeric conversion to character.
        // Result is returned right-justified in the buffer.
        int __len;
        __len = __int_to_char(&__cs[0], __ilen, __v, __lit, __io.flags());
        __cs += __ilen - __len;
        
        // Add grouping, if necessary. 
        _CharT* __cs2;
        if (__lc->_M_use_grouping)
          {
            // Grouping can add (almost) as many separators as the
            // number of digits, but no more.
            __cs2 = static_cast<_CharT*>(__builtin_alloca(sizeof(_CharT) 
                                                          * __len * 2));
            _M_group_int(__lc->_M_grouping, __lc->_M_thousands_sep, __io, 
                         __cs2, __cs, __len);
            __cs = __cs2;
          }
        
        // Pad.
        _CharT* __cs3;
        const streamsize __w = __io.width();
        if (__w > static_cast<streamsize>(__len))
          {
            __cs3 = static_cast<_CharT*>(__builtin_alloca(sizeof(_CharT) 
                                                          * __w));
            _M_pad(__fill, __w, __io, __cs3, __cs, __len);
            __cs = __cs3;
          }
        __io.width(0);

        // [22.2.2.2.2] Stage 4.
        // Write resulting, fully-formatted string to output iterator.
        return std::__write(__s, __cs, __len);
      } 

  template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
    void
    num_put<_CharT, _OutIter>::
    _M_group_float(const string& __grouping, _CharT __sep, const _CharT* __p, 
                   _CharT* __new, _CharT* __cs, int& __len) const
    {
      // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
      // 282. What types does numpunct grouping refer to?
      // Add grouping, if necessary. 
      _CharT* __p2;
      const int __declen = __p ? __p - __cs : __len;
      __p2 = std::__add_grouping(__new, __sep, __grouping.c_str(),
                                 __grouping.c_str() + __grouping.size(),
                                 __cs, __cs + __declen);
      
      // Tack on decimal part.
      int __newlen = __p2 - __new;
      if (__p)
        {
          char_traits<_CharT>::copy(__p2, __p, __len - __declen);
          __newlen += __len - __declen;
        }    
      __len = __newlen;
    }

  // The following code uses snprintf (or sprintf(), when
  // _GLIBCXX_USE_C99 is not defined) to convert floating point values
  // for insertion into a stream.  An optimization would be to replace
  // them with code that works directly on a wide buffer and then use
  // __pad to do the padding.  It would be good to replace them anyway
  // to gain back the efficiency that C++ provides by knowing up front
  // the type of the values to insert.  Also, sprintf is dangerous
  // since may lead to accidental buffer overruns.  This
  // implementation follows the C++ standard fairly directly as
  // outlined in 22.2.2.2 [lib.locale.num.put]
  template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
    template<typename _ValueT>
      _OutIter
      num_put<_CharT, _OutIter>::
      _M_insert_float(_OutIter __s, ios_base& __io, _CharT __fill, char __mod,
                       _ValueT __v) const
      {
        typedef typename numpunct<_CharT>::__cache_type __cache_type;
        __use_cache<__cache_type> __uc;
        const locale& __loc = __io._M_getloc();
        const __cache_type* __lc = __uc(__loc);

        // Note: digits10 is rounded down: add 1 to ensure the maximum
        // available precision.  Then, in general, one more 1 needs to
        // be added since, when the %{g,G} conversion specifiers are
        // chosen inside _S_format_float, the precision field is "the
        // maximum number of significant digits", *not* the "number of
        // digits to appear after the decimal point", as happens for
        // %{e,E,f,F} (C99, 7.19.6.1,4).
        const int __max_digits = numeric_limits<_ValueT>::digits10 + 2;

        // Use default precision if out of range.
        streamsize __prec = __io.precision();
        if (__prec > static_cast<streamsize>(__max_digits))
          __prec = static_cast<streamsize>(__max_digits);
        else if (__prec < static_cast<streamsize>(0))
          __prec = static_cast<streamsize>(6);

        // [22.2.2.2.2] Stage 1, numeric conversion to character.
        int __len;
        // Long enough for the max format spec.
        char __fbuf[16];

#ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_C99
        // First try a buffer perhaps big enough (for sure sufficient
        // for non-ios_base::fixed outputs)
        int __cs_size = __max_digits * 3;
        char* __cs = static_cast<char*>(__builtin_alloca(__cs_size));

        _S_format_float(__io, __fbuf, __mod);
        __len = std::__convert_from_v(__cs, __cs_size, __fbuf, __v,
                                      _S_get_c_locale(), __prec);

        // If the buffer was not large enough, try again with the correct size.
        if (__len >= __cs_size)
          {
            __cs_size = __len + 1; 
            __cs = static_cast<char*>(__builtin_alloca(__cs_size));
            __len = std::__convert_from_v(__cs, __cs_size, __fbuf, __v,
                                          _S_get_c_locale(), __prec);
          }
#else
        // Consider the possibility of long ios_base::fixed outputs
        const bool __fixed = __io.flags() & ios_base::fixed;
        const int __max_exp = numeric_limits<_ValueT>::max_exponent10;

        // The size of the output string is computed as follows.
        // ios_base::fixed outputs may need up to __max_exp+1 chars
        // for the integer part + up to __max_digits chars for the
        // fractional part + 3 chars for sign, decimal point, '\0'. On
        // the other hand, for non-fixed outputs __max_digits*3 chars
        // are largely sufficient.
        const int __cs_size = __fixed ? __max_exp + __max_digits + 4 
                                      : __max_digits * 3;
        char* __cs = static_cast<char*>(__builtin_alloca(__cs_size));

        _S_format_float(__io, __fbuf, __mod);
        __len = std::__convert_from_v(__cs, 0, __fbuf, __v, 
                                      _S_get_c_locale(), __prec);
#endif

      // [22.2.2.2.2] Stage 2, convert to char_type, using correct
      // numpunct.decimal_point() values for '.' and adding grouping.
      const ctype<_CharT>& __ctype = use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc);

      _CharT* __ws = static_cast<_CharT*>(__builtin_alloca(sizeof(_CharT) 
                                                           * __len));
      __ctype.widen(__cs, __cs + __len, __ws);
      
      // Replace decimal point.
      const _CharT __cdec = __ctype.widen('.');
      const _CharT __dec = __lc->_M_decimal_point;
      const _CharT* __p;
      if (__p = char_traits<_CharT>::find(__ws, __len, __cdec))
        __ws[__p - __ws] = __dec;

      // Add grouping, if necessary. 
      _CharT* __ws2;
      if (__lc->_M_use_grouping)
        {
          // Grouping can add (almost) as many separators as the
          // number of digits, but no more.
          __ws2 = static_cast<_CharT*>(__builtin_alloca(sizeof(_CharT) 
                                                        * __len * 2));
          _M_group_float(__lc->_M_grouping, __lc->_M_thousands_sep, __p,
                         __ws2, __ws, __len);
          __ws = __ws2;
        }

      // Pad.
      _CharT* __ws3;
      const streamsize __w = __io.width();
      if (__w > static_cast<streamsize>(__len))
        {
          __ws3 = static_cast<_CharT*>(__builtin_alloca(sizeof(_CharT) * __w));
          _M_pad(__fill, __w, __io, __ws3, __ws, __len);
          __ws = __ws3;
        }
      __io.width(0);
      
      // [22.2.2.2.2] Stage 4.
      // Write resulting, fully-formatted string to output iterator.
      return std::__write(__s, __ws, __len);
      }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
    _OutIter
    num_put<_CharT, _OutIter>::
    do_put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __io, char_type __fill, bool __v) const
    {
      const ios_base::fmtflags __flags = __io.flags();
      if ((__flags & ios_base::boolalpha) == 0)
        {
          unsigned long __uv = __v;
          __s = _M_insert_int(__s, __io, __fill, __uv);
        }
      else
        {
          typedef typename numpunct<_CharT>::__cache_type __cache_type;
          __use_cache<__cache_type> __uc;
          const locale& __loc = __io._M_getloc();
          const __cache_type* __lc = __uc(__loc);

          const _CharT* __name;
          __name = __v ? __lc->_M_truename : __lc->_M_falsename;
          int __len = char_traits<_CharT>::length(__name);

          _CharT* __cs;
          const streamsize __w = __io.width();
          if (__w > static_cast<streamsize>(__len))
            {
              __cs = static_cast<_CharT*>(__builtin_alloca(sizeof(_CharT) 
                                                            * __w));
              _M_pad(__fill, __w, __io, __cs, __name, __len);
              __name = __cs;
            }
          __io.width(0);
          __s = std::__write(__s, __name, __len);
        }
      return __s;
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
    _OutIter
    num_put<_CharT, _OutIter>::
    do_put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __io, char_type __fill, long __v) const
    { return _M_insert_int(__s, __io, __fill, __v); }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
    _OutIter
    num_put<_CharT, _OutIter>::
    do_put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __io, char_type __fill,
           unsigned long __v) const
    { return _M_insert_int(__s, __io, __fill, __v); }

#ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_LONG_LONG
  template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
    _OutIter
    num_put<_CharT, _OutIter>::
    do_put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __b, char_type __fill, long long __v) const
    { return _M_insert_int(__s, __b, __fill, __v); }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
    _OutIter
    num_put<_CharT, _OutIter>::
    do_put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __io, char_type __fill,
           unsigned long long __v) const
    { return _M_insert_int(__s, __io, __fill, __v); }
#endif

  template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
    _OutIter
    num_put<_CharT, _OutIter>::
    do_put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __io, char_type __fill, double __v) const
    { return _M_insert_float(__s, __io, __fill, char(), __v); }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
    _OutIter
    num_put<_CharT, _OutIter>::
    do_put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __io, char_type __fill, 
           long double __v) const
    { return _M_insert_float(__s, __io, __fill, 'L', __v); }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
    _OutIter
    num_put<_CharT, _OutIter>::
    do_put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __io, char_type __fill,
           const void* __v) const
    {
      const ios_base::fmtflags __flags = __io.flags();
      const ios_base::fmtflags __fmt = ~(ios_base::showpos | ios_base::basefield
                                         | ios_base::uppercase | ios_base::internal);
      __io.flags(__flags & __fmt | (ios_base::hex | ios_base::showbase));
      try 
        {
          __s = _M_insert_int(__s, __io, __fill, 
                              reinterpret_cast<unsigned long>(__v));
          __io.flags(__flags);
        }
      catch (...) 
        {
          __io.flags(__flags);
          __throw_exception_again;
        }
      return __s;
    }


  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    money_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, bool __intl, ios_base& __io, 
           ios_base::iostate& __err, long double& __units) const
    { 
      string_type __str;
      __beg = this->do_get(__beg, __end, __intl, __io, __err, __str); 

      const int __n = numeric_limits<long double>::digits10;
      char* __cs = static_cast<char*>(__builtin_alloca(__n));
      const locale __loc = __io.getloc();
      const ctype<_CharT>& __ctype = use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc); 
      const _CharT* __wcs = __str.c_str();
      __ctype.narrow(__wcs, __wcs + __str.size() + 1, char(), __cs);      
      std::__convert_to_v(__cs, __units, __err, _S_get_c_locale());
      return __beg;
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    money_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, bool __intl, ios_base& __io, 
           ios_base::iostate& __err, string_type& __units) const
    { 
      // These contortions are quite unfortunate.
      typedef moneypunct<_CharT, true>          __money_true;
      typedef moneypunct<_CharT, false>         __money_false;
      typedef money_base::part                  part;
      typedef typename string_type::size_type   size_type;

      const locale __loc = __io.getloc();
      const __money_true& __mpt = use_facet<__money_true>(__loc); 
      const __money_false& __mpf = use_facet<__money_false>(__loc); 
      const ctype<_CharT>& __ctype = use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc); 

      const money_base::pattern __p = __intl ? __mpt.neg_format() 
                                             : __mpf.neg_format();

      const string_type __pos_sign =__intl ? __mpt.positive_sign() 
                                           : __mpf.positive_sign();
      const string_type __neg_sign =__intl ? __mpt.negative_sign() 
                                           : __mpf.negative_sign();
      const char_type __d = __intl ? __mpt.decimal_point() 
                                   : __mpf.decimal_point();
      const char_type __sep = __intl ? __mpt.thousands_sep() 
                                     : __mpf.thousands_sep();

      const string __grouping = __intl ? __mpt.grouping() : __mpf.grouping();

      // Set to deduced positive or negative sign, depending.
      string_type __sign;
      // String of grouping info from thousands_sep plucked from __units.
      string __grouping_tmp; 
      // Marker for thousands_sep position.
      int __sep_pos = 0;
      // If input iterator is in a valid state.
      bool __testvalid = true;
      // Flag marking when a decimal point is found.
      bool __testdecfound = false; 

      // The tentative returned string is stored here.
      string_type __tmp_units;

      char_type __c = *__beg;
      for (int __i = 0; __beg != __end && __i < 4 && __testvalid; ++__i)
        {
          const part __which = static_cast<part>(__p.field[__i]);
          switch (__which)
                {
                case money_base::symbol:
                  if (__io.flags() & ios_base::showbase 
                      || __i < 2 || __sign.size() > 1
                      || ((static_cast<part>(__p.field[3]) != money_base::none)
                          && __i == 2)) 
                    {
                      // According to 22.2.6.1.2.2, symbol is required
                      // if (__io.flags() & ios_base::showbase),
                      // otherwise is optional and consumed only if
                      // other characters are needed to complete the
                      // format.
                      const string_type __symbol = __intl ? __mpt.curr_symbol()
                                                          : __mpf.curr_symbol();
                      const size_type __len = __symbol.size();
                      size_type __j = 0;
                      while (__beg != __end 
                             && __j < __len && __symbol[__j] == __c)
                        {
                          __c = *(++__beg);
                          ++__j;
                        }
                      // When (__io.flags() & ios_base::showbase)
                      // symbol is required.
                      if (__j != __len && (__io.flags() & ios_base::showbase))
                        __testvalid = false;
                    }
                  break;
                case money_base::sign:              
                  // Sign might not exist, or be more than one character long.
                  if (__pos_sign.size() && __c == __pos_sign[0])
                    {
                      __sign = __pos_sign;
                      __c = *(++__beg);
                    }
                  else if (__neg_sign.size() && __c == __neg_sign[0])
                    {
                      __sign = __neg_sign;
                      __c = *(++__beg);
                    }
                  else if (__pos_sign.size() && __neg_sign.size())
                    {
                      // Sign is mandatory.
                      __testvalid = false;
                    }
                  break;
                case money_base::value:
                  // Extract digits, remove and stash away the
                  // grouping of found thousands separators.
                  while (__beg != __end 
                         && (__ctype.is(ctype_base::digit, __c) 
                             || (__c == __d && !__testdecfound)
                             || __c == __sep))
                    {
                      if (__c == __d)
                        {
                          __grouping_tmp += static_cast<char>(__sep_pos);
                          __sep_pos = 0;
                          __testdecfound = true;
                        }
                      else if (__c == __sep)
                        {
                          if (__grouping.size())
                            {
                              // Mark position for later analysis.
                              __grouping_tmp += static_cast<char>(__sep_pos);
                              __sep_pos = 0;
                            }
                          else
                            {
                              __testvalid = false;
                              break;
                            }
                        }
                      else
                        {
                          __tmp_units += __c;
                          ++__sep_pos;
                        }
                      __c = *(++__beg);
                    }
                  break;
                case money_base::space:
                case money_base::none:
                  // Only if not at the end of the pattern.
                  if (__i != 3)
                    while (__beg != __end 
                           && __ctype.is(ctype_base::space, __c))
                      __c = *(++__beg);
                  break;
                }
        }

      // Need to get the rest of the sign characters, if they exist.
      const char_type __eof = static_cast<char_type>(char_traits<char_type>::eof());
      if (__sign.size() > 1)
        {
          const size_type __len = __sign.size();
          size_type __i = 1;
          for (; __c != __eof && __i < __len; ++__i)
            while (__beg != __end && __c != __sign[__i])
              __c = *(++__beg);
          
          if (__i != __len)
            __testvalid = false;
        }

      // Strip leading zeros.
      while (__tmp_units.size() > 1 && __tmp_units[0] == __ctype.widen('0'))
        __tmp_units.erase(__tmp_units.begin());

      if (__sign.size() && __sign == __neg_sign)
        __tmp_units.insert(__tmp_units.begin(), __ctype.widen('-'));

      // Test for grouping fidelity.
      if (__grouping.size() && __grouping_tmp.size())
        {
          if (!std::__verify_grouping(__grouping, __grouping_tmp))
            __testvalid = false;
        }

      // Iff no more characters are available.      
      if (__c == __eof)
        __err |= ios_base::eofbit;

      // Iff not enough digits were supplied after the decimal-point.
      if (__testdecfound)
        {
          const int __frac = __intl ? __mpt.frac_digits() 
                                    : __mpf.frac_digits();
          if (__frac > 0)
            {
              if (__sep_pos != __frac)
                __testvalid = false;
            }
        }

      // Iff valid sequence is not recognized.
      if (!__testvalid || !__tmp_units.size())
        __err |= ios_base::failbit;
      else
        // Use the "swap trick" to copy __tmp_units into __units.
        __tmp_units.swap(__units);

      return __beg; 
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
    _OutIter
    money_put<_CharT, _OutIter>::
    do_put(iter_type __s, bool __intl, ios_base& __io, char_type __fill,
           long double __units) const
    { 
      const locale __loc = __io.getloc();
      const ctype<_CharT>& __ctype = use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc);
#ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_C99
      // First try a buffer perhaps big enough.
      int __cs_size = 64;
      char* __cs = static_cast<char*>(__builtin_alloca(__cs_size));
      int __len = std::__convert_from_v(__cs, __cs_size, "%.01Lf", __units, 
                                        _S_get_c_locale());
      // If the buffer was not large enough, try again with the correct size.
      if (__len >= __cs_size)
        {
          __cs_size = __len + 1;
          __cs = static_cast<char*>(__builtin_alloca(__cs_size));
          __len = std::__convert_from_v(__cs, __cs_size, "%.01Lf", __units, 
                                        _S_get_c_locale());
        }
#else
      // max_exponent10 + 1 for the integer part, + 4 for sign, decimal point,
      // decimal digit, '\0'. 
      const int __cs_size = numeric_limits<long double>::max_exponent10 + 5;
      char* __cs = static_cast<char*>(__builtin_alloca(__cs_size));
      int __len = std::__convert_from_v(__cs, 0, "%.01Lf", __units, 
                                        _S_get_c_locale());
#endif
      _CharT* __ws = static_cast<_CharT*>(__builtin_alloca(sizeof(_CharT) 
                                                           * __cs_size));
      __ctype.widen(__cs, __cs + __len, __ws);
      string_type __digits(__ws);
      return this->do_put(__s, __intl, __io, __fill, __digits); 
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
    _OutIter
    money_put<_CharT, _OutIter>::
    do_put(iter_type __s, bool __intl, ios_base& __io, char_type __fill,
           const string_type& __digits) const
    { 
      typedef typename string_type::size_type   size_type;
      typedef money_base::part                  part;

      const locale __loc = __io.getloc();
      const size_type __width = static_cast<size_type>(__io.width());

      // These contortions are quite unfortunate.
      typedef moneypunct<_CharT, true> __money_true;
      typedef moneypunct<_CharT, false> __money_false;
      const __money_true& __mpt = use_facet<__money_true>(__loc); 
      const __money_false& __mpf = use_facet<__money_false>(__loc); 
      const ctype<_CharT>& __ctype = use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc); 

      // Determine if negative or positive formats are to be used, and
      // discard leading negative_sign if it is present.
      const char_type* __beg = __digits.data();
      const char_type* __end = __beg + __digits.size();
      money_base::pattern __p;
      string_type __sign;
      if (*__beg != __ctype.widen('-'))
        {
          __p = __intl ? __mpt.pos_format() : __mpf.pos_format();
          __sign = __intl ? __mpt.positive_sign() : __mpf.positive_sign();
        }
      else
        {
          __p = __intl ? __mpt.neg_format() : __mpf.neg_format();
          __sign = __intl ? __mpt.negative_sign() : __mpf.negative_sign();
          ++__beg;
        }
      
      // Look for valid numbers in the current ctype facet within input digits.
      __end = __ctype.scan_not(ctype_base::digit, __beg, __end);
      if (__beg != __end)
        {
          // Assume valid input, and attempt to format.
          // Break down input numbers into base components, as follows:
          //   final_value = grouped units + (decimal point) + (digits)
          string_type __res;
          string_type __value;
          const string_type __symbol = __intl ? __mpt.curr_symbol() 
                                              : __mpf.curr_symbol();

          // Deal with decimal point, decimal digits.
          const int __frac = __intl ? __mpt.frac_digits() 
                                    : __mpf.frac_digits();
          if (__frac > 0)
            {
              const char_type __d = __intl ? __mpt.decimal_point() 
                                           : __mpf.decimal_point();
              if (__end - __beg >= __frac)
                {
                  __value = string_type(__end - __frac, __end);
                  __value.insert(__value.begin(), __d);
                  __end -= __frac;
                }
              else
                {
                  // Have to pad zeros in the decimal position.
                  __value = string_type(__beg, __end);
                  const int __paddec = __frac - (__end - __beg);
                  const char_type __zero = __ctype.widen('0');
                  __value.insert(__value.begin(), __paddec, __zero);
                  __value.insert(__value.begin(), __d);
                  __beg = __end;
                }
            }

          // Add thousands separators to non-decimal digits, per
          // grouping rules.
          if (__beg != __end)
            {
              const string __grouping = __intl ? __mpt.grouping() 
                                               : __mpf.grouping();
              if (__grouping.size())
                {
                  const char_type __sep = __intl ? __mpt.thousands_sep() 
                                                 : __mpf.thousands_sep();
                  const char* __gbeg = __grouping.c_str();
                  const char* __gend = __gbeg + __grouping.size();
                  const int __n = (__end - __beg) * 2;
                  _CharT* __ws2 =
                  static_cast<_CharT*>(__builtin_alloca(sizeof(_CharT) * __n));
                  _CharT* __ws_end = std::__add_grouping(__ws2, __sep, __gbeg, 
                                                         __gend, __beg, __end);
                  __value.insert(0, __ws2, __ws_end - __ws2);
                }
              else
                __value.insert(0, string_type(__beg, __end));
            }

          // Calculate length of resulting string.
          const ios_base::fmtflags __f = __io.flags() & ios_base::adjustfield;
          size_type __len = __value.size() + __sign.size();
          __len += (__io.flags() & ios_base::showbase) ? __symbol.size() : 0;
          const bool __testipad = __f == ios_base::internal && __len < __width;

          // Fit formatted digits into the required pattern.
          for (int __i = 0; __i < 4; ++__i)
            {
              const part __which = static_cast<part>(__p.field[__i]);
              switch (__which)
                {
                case money_base::symbol:
                  if (__io.flags() & ios_base::showbase)
                    __res += __symbol;
                  break;
                case money_base::sign:              
                  // Sign might not exist, or be more than one
                  // charater long. In that case, add in the rest
                  // below.
                  if (__sign.size())
                    __res += __sign[0];
                  break;
                case money_base::value:
                  __res += __value;
                  break;
                case money_base::space:
                  // At least one space is required, but if internal
                  // formatting is required, an arbitrary number of
                  // fill spaces will be necessary.
                  if (__testipad)
                    __res += string_type(__width - __len, __fill);
                  else
                    __res += __ctype.widen(__fill);
                  break;
                case money_base::none:
                  if (__testipad)
                    __res += string_type(__width - __len, __fill);
                  break;
                }
            }

          // Special case of multi-part sign parts.
          if (__sign.size() > 1)
            __res += string_type(__sign.begin() + 1, __sign.end());

          // Pad, if still necessary.
          __len = __res.size();
          if (__width > __len)
            {
              if (__f == ios_base::left)
                // After.
                __res.append(__width - __len, __fill);
              else
                // Before.
                __res.insert(0, string_type(__width - __len, __fill));
              __len = __width;
            }

          // Write resulting, fully-formatted string to output iterator.
          __s = std::__write(__s, __res.c_str(), __len);
        }
      __io.width(0);
      return __s; 
    }


  // NB: Not especially useful. Without an ios_base object or some
  // kind of locale reference, we are left clawing at the air where
  // the side of the mountain used to be...
  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    time_base::dateorder
    time_get<_CharT, _InIter>::do_date_order() const
    { return time_base::no_order; }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    void
    time_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    _M_extract_via_format(iter_type& __beg, iter_type& __end, ios_base& __io,
                          ios_base::iostate& __err, tm* __tm, 
                          const _CharT* __format) const
    {  
      const locale __loc = __io.getloc();
      __timepunct<_CharT> const& __tp = use_facet<__timepunct<_CharT> >(__loc);
      const ctype<_CharT>& __ctype = use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc); 
      const size_t __len = char_traits<_CharT>::length(__format);

      for (size_t __i = 0; __beg != __end && __i < __len && !__err; ++__i)
        {
          char __c = __format[__i];
          if (__c == '%')
            {
              // Verify valid formatting code, attempt to extract.
              __c = __format[++__i];
              char __mod = 0;
              int __mem = 0; 
              if (__c == 'E' || __c == 'O')
                {
                  __mod = __c;
                  __c = __format[++__i];
                }
              switch (__c)
                {
                  const char* __cs;
                  _CharT __wcs[10];
                case 'a':
                  // Abbreviated weekday name [tm_wday]
                  const char_type*  __days1[7];
                  __tp._M_days_abbreviated(__days1);
                  _M_extract_name(__beg, __end, __tm->tm_wday, __days1, 7, 
                                  __err);
                  break;
                case 'A':
                  // Weekday name [tm_wday].
                  const char_type*  __days2[7];
                  __tp._M_days(__days2);
                  _M_extract_name(__beg, __end, __tm->tm_wday, __days2, 7, 
                                  __err);
                  break;
                case 'h':
                case 'b':
                  // Abbreviated month name [tm_mon]
                  const char_type*  __months1[12];
                  __tp._M_months_abbreviated(__months1);
                  _M_extract_name(__beg, __end, __tm->tm_mon, __months1, 12, 
                                  __err);
                  break;
                case 'B':
                  // Month name [tm_mon].
                  const char_type*  __months2[12];
                  __tp._M_months(__months2);
                  _M_extract_name(__beg, __end, __tm->tm_mon, __months2, 12, 
                                  __err);
                  break;
                case 'c':
                  // Default time and date representation.
                  const char_type*  __dt[2];
                  __tp._M_date_time_formats(__dt);
                  _M_extract_via_format(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __tm, 
                                        __dt[0]);
                  break;
                case 'd':
                  // Day [01, 31]. [tm_mday]
                  _M_extract_num(__beg, __end, __tm->tm_mday, 1, 31, 2, 
                                 __ctype, __err);
                  break;
                case 'D':
                  // Equivalent to %m/%d/%y.[tm_mon, tm_mday, tm_year]
                  __cs = "%m/%d/%y";
                  __ctype.widen(__cs, __cs + 9, __wcs);
                  _M_extract_via_format(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __tm, 
                                        __wcs);
                  break;
                case 'H':
                  // Hour [00, 23]. [tm_hour]
                  _M_extract_num(__beg, __end, __tm->tm_hour, 0, 23, 2,
                                 __ctype, __err);
                  break;
                case 'I':
                  // Hour [01, 12]. [tm_hour]
                  _M_extract_num(__beg, __end, __tm->tm_hour, 1, 12, 2, 
                                 __ctype, __err);
                  break;
                case 'm':
                  // Month [01, 12]. [tm_mon]
                  _M_extract_num(__beg, __end, __mem, 1, 12, 2, __ctype, 
                                 __err);
                  if (!__err)
                    __tm->tm_mon = __mem - 1;
                  break;
                case 'M':
                  // Minute [00, 59]. [tm_min]
                  _M_extract_num(__beg, __end, __tm->tm_min, 0, 59, 2,
                                 __ctype, __err);
                  break;
                case 'n':
                  if (__ctype.narrow(*__beg, 0) == '\n')
                    ++__beg;
                  else
                    __err |= ios_base::failbit;
                  break;
                case 'R':
                  // Equivalent to (%H:%M).
                  __cs = "%H:%M";
                  __ctype.widen(__cs, __cs + 6, __wcs);
                  _M_extract_via_format(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __tm, 
                                        __wcs);
                  break;
                case 'S':
                  // Seconds.
                  _M_extract_num(__beg, __end, __tm->tm_sec, 0, 59, 2,
                                 __ctype, __err);
                  break;
                case 't':
                  if (__ctype.narrow(*__beg, 0) == '\t')
                    ++__beg;
                  else
                __err |= ios_base::failbit;
                  break;
                case 'T':
                  // Equivalent to (%H:%M:%S).
                  __cs = "%H:%M:%S";
                  __ctype.widen(__cs, __cs + 9, __wcs);
                  _M_extract_via_format(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __tm, 
                                        __wcs);
                  break;
                case 'x':
                  // Locale's date.
                  const char_type*  __dates[2];
                  __tp._M_date_formats(__dates);
                  _M_extract_via_format(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __tm, 
                                        __dates[0]);
                  break;
                case 'X':
                  // Locale's time.
                  const char_type*  __times[2];
                  __tp._M_time_formats(__times);
                  _M_extract_via_format(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __tm, 
                                        __times[0]);
                  break;
                case 'y':
                  // Two digit year. [tm_year]
                  _M_extract_num(__beg, __end, __tm->tm_year, 0, 99, 2, 
                                 __ctype, __err);
                  break;
                case 'Y':
                  // Year [1900). [tm_year]
                  _M_extract_num(__beg, __end, __mem, 0, 
                                 numeric_limits<int>::max(), 4, 
                                 __ctype, __err);
                  if (!__err)
                    __tm->tm_year = __mem - 1900;
                  break;
                case 'Z':
                  // Timezone info.
                  if (__ctype.is(ctype_base::upper, *__beg))
                    {
                      int __tmp;
                      _M_extract_name(__beg, __end, __tmp, 
                                      __timepunct_cache<_CharT>::_S_timezones, 
                                      14, __err);
                      
                      // GMT requires special effort.
                      char_type __c = *__beg;
                      if (!__err && __tmp == 0 
                          && (__c == __ctype.widen('-') 
                              || __c == __ctype.widen('+')))
                        {
                          _M_extract_num(__beg, __end, __tmp, 0, 23, 2,
                                          __ctype, __err);
                          _M_extract_num(__beg, __end, __tmp, 0, 59, 2,
                                          __ctype, __err);
                        }           
                    }
                  else
                    __err |= ios_base::failbit;
                  break;
                default:
                  // Not recognized.
                  __err |= ios_base::failbit;
                }
            }
          else
            {
              // Verify format and input match, extract and discard.
              if (__c == __ctype.narrow(*__beg, 0))
                ++__beg;
              else
                __err |= ios_base::failbit;
            }
        }
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    void
    time_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    _M_extract_num(iter_type& __beg, iter_type& __end, int& __member,
                   int __min, int __max, size_t __len, 
                   const ctype<_CharT>& __ctype, 
                   ios_base::iostate& __err) const
    {
      size_t __i = 0;
      string __digits;
      bool __testvalid = true;
      char_type __c = *__beg;
      while (__beg != __end && __i < __len 
             && __ctype.is(ctype_base::digit, __c)) 
        {
          __digits += __ctype.narrow(__c, 0);
          __c = *(++__beg);
          ++__i;
        }
      if (__i == __len)
        {
          const int __value = std::atoi(__digits.c_str());
          if (__min <= __value && __value <= __max)
            __member = __value;
          else
            __testvalid = false;
        }
      else
        __testvalid = false;
      if (!__testvalid)
        __err |= ios_base::failbit;
    }

  // Assumptions:
  // All elements in __names are unique.
  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    void
    time_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    _M_extract_name(iter_type& __beg, iter_type& __end, int& __member,
                    const _CharT** __names, size_t __indexlen, 
                    ios_base::iostate& __err) const
    {
      typedef char_traits<_CharT>               __traits_type;
      int* __matches = static_cast<int*>(__builtin_alloca(sizeof(int) 
                                                          * __indexlen));
      size_t __nmatches = 0;
      size_t __pos = 0;
      bool __testvalid = true;
      const char_type* __name;

      char_type __c = *__beg;
      // Look for initial matches.
      for (size_t __i1 = 0; __i1 < __indexlen; ++__i1)
        if (__c == __names[__i1][0])
          __matches[__nmatches++] = __i1;
      
      while (__nmatches > 1)
        {
          // Find smallest matching string.
          size_t __minlen = 10;
          for (size_t __i2 = 0; __i2 < __nmatches; ++__i2)
            __minlen = std::min(__minlen, 
                                __traits_type::length(__names[__matches[__i2]]));
          
          if (__pos < __minlen && __beg != __end)
            {
              ++__pos;
              __c = *(++__beg);
              for (size_t __i3 = 0; __i3 < __nmatches; ++__i3)
                {
                  __name = __names[__matches[__i3]];
                  if (__name[__pos] != __c)
                    __matches[__i3] = __matches[--__nmatches];
                }
            }
          else
            break;
        }

      if (__nmatches == 1)
        {
          // Make sure found name is completely extracted.
          __name = __names[__matches[0]];
          const size_t __len = __traits_type::length(__name);
          while (__pos < __len && __beg != __end && __name[__pos] == *__beg)
            ++__beg, ++__pos;

          if (__len == __pos)
            __member = __matches[0];
          else
            __testvalid = false;
        }
      else
        __testvalid = false;
      if (!__testvalid)
        __err |= ios_base::failbit;
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    time_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get_time(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
                ios_base::iostate& __err, tm* __tm) const
    {
      _CharT __wcs[3];
      const char* __cs = "%X";
      const locale __loc = __io.getloc();
      ctype<_CharT> const& __ctype = use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc);
      __ctype.widen(__cs, __cs + 3, __wcs);
      _M_extract_via_format(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __tm, __wcs);
      if (__beg == __end)
        __err |= ios_base::eofbit;
      return __beg;
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    time_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get_date(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
                ios_base::iostate& __err, tm* __tm) const
    {
      _CharT __wcs[3];
      const char* __cs = "%x";
      const locale __loc = __io.getloc();
      ctype<_CharT> const& __ctype = use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc);
      __ctype.widen(__cs, __cs + 3, __wcs);
      _M_extract_via_format(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __tm, __wcs);
      if (__beg == __end)
        __err |= ios_base::eofbit;
      return __beg;
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    time_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get_weekday(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io, 
                   ios_base::iostate& __err, tm* __tm) const
    {
      typedef char_traits<_CharT>               __traits_type;
      const locale __loc = __io.getloc();
      __timepunct<_CharT> const& __tp = use_facet<__timepunct<_CharT> >(__loc);
      const char_type*  __days[7];
      __tp._M_days_abbreviated(__days);
      int __tmpwday;
      _M_extract_name(__beg, __end, __tmpwday, __days, 7, __err);

      // Check to see if non-abbreviated name exists, and extract.
      // NB: Assumes both _M_days and _M_days_abbreviated organized in
      // exact same order, first to last, such that the resulting
      // __days array with the same index points to a day, and that
      // day's abbreviated form.
      // NB: Also assumes that an abbreviated name is a subset of the name. 
      if (!__err)
        {
          size_t __pos = __traits_type::length(__days[__tmpwday]);
          __tp._M_days(__days);
          const char_type* __name = __days[__tmpwday];
          if (__name[__pos] == *__beg)
            {
              // Extract the rest of it.
              const size_t __len = __traits_type::length(__name);
              while (__pos < __len && __beg != __end 
                     && __name[__pos] == *__beg)
                ++__beg, ++__pos;
              if (__len != __pos)
                __err |= ios_base::failbit;
            }
          if (!__err)
            __tm->tm_wday = __tmpwday;
        }
      if (__beg == __end)
        __err |= ios_base::eofbit;
      return __beg;
     }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    time_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get_monthname(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end,
                     ios_base& __io, ios_base::iostate& __err, tm* __tm) const
    {
      typedef char_traits<_CharT>               __traits_type;
      const locale __loc = __io.getloc();
      __timepunct<_CharT> const& __tp = use_facet<__timepunct<_CharT> >(__loc);
      const char_type*  __months[12];
      __tp._M_months_abbreviated(__months);
      int __tmpmon;
      _M_extract_name(__beg, __end, __tmpmon, __months, 12, __err);

      // Check to see if non-abbreviated name exists, and extract.
      // NB: Assumes both _M_months and _M_months_abbreviated organized in
      // exact same order, first to last, such that the resulting
      // __months array with the same index points to a month, and that
      // month's abbreviated form.
      // NB: Also assumes that an abbreviated name is a subset of the name. 
      if (!__err)
        {
          size_t __pos = __traits_type::length(__months[__tmpmon]);
          __tp._M_months(__months);
          const char_type* __name = __months[__tmpmon];
          if (__name[__pos] == *__beg)
            {
              // Extract the rest of it.
              const size_t __len = __traits_type::length(__name);
              while (__pos < __len && __beg != __end 
                     && __name[__pos] == *__beg)
                ++__beg, ++__pos;
              if (__len != __pos)
                __err |= ios_base::failbit;
            }
          if (!__err)
            __tm->tm_mon = __tmpmon;
        }
 
      if (__beg == __end)
        __err |= ios_base::eofbit;
      return __beg;
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    time_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get_year(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io, 
                ios_base::iostate& __err, tm* __tm) const
    {
      const locale __loc = __io.getloc();
      const ctype<_CharT>& __ctype = use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc); 

      char_type __c = *__beg;
      size_t __i = 0;
      string __digits;
      while (__i < 4 && __beg != __end && __ctype.is(ctype_base::digit, __c))
        {
          __digits += __ctype.narrow(__c, 0);
          __c = *(++__beg);
          ++__i;
        }
      if (__i == 2 || __i == 4)
        {
          long __l;
          std::__convert_to_v(__digits.c_str(), __l, __err,
                              _S_get_c_locale());
          if (!(__err & ios_base::failbit) && __l <= INT_MAX)
            {
              __l = __i == 2 ? __l : __l - 1900; 
              __tm->tm_year = static_cast<int>(__l);
            }
        }
      else
        __err |= ios_base::failbit;
      if (__beg == __end)
        __err |= ios_base::eofbit;
      return __beg;
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
    _OutIter
    time_put<_CharT, _OutIter>::
    put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __io, char_type __fill, const tm* __tm, 
        const _CharT* __beg, const _CharT* __end) const
    {
      const locale __loc = __io.getloc();
      ctype<_CharT> const& __ctype = use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc);
      while (__beg != __end)
        {
          const _CharT __tmp = *__beg;
          ++__beg;
          if (__ctype.narrow(__tmp, 0) == '%' && __beg != __end)
            {
              char __format;
              char __mod = 0;
              const char __c = __ctype.narrow(*__beg, 0);
              ++__beg;
              if (__c == 'E' || __c == 'O')
                {
                  __mod = __c;
                  __format = __ctype.narrow(*__beg, 0);
                  ++__beg;
                }
              else
                __format = __c;
              __s = this->do_put(__s, __io, __fill, __tm, __format, __mod);
            }
          else
            {
              *__s = __tmp;
              ++__s;
            }
        }
      return __s;
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
    _OutIter
    time_put<_CharT, _OutIter>::
    do_put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __io, char_type, const tm* __tm, 
           char __format, char __mod) const
    { 
      const locale __loc = __io.getloc();
      ctype<_CharT> const& __ctype = use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc);
      __timepunct<_CharT> const& __tp = use_facet<__timepunct<_CharT> >(__loc);

      // NB: This size is arbitrary. Should this be a data member,
      // initialized at construction?
      const size_t __maxlen = 64;
      char_type* __res = static_cast<char_type*>(__builtin_alloca(sizeof(char_type) * __maxlen));

      // NB: In IEE 1003.1-200x, and perhaps other locale models, it
      // is possible that the format character will be longer than one
      // character. Possibilities include 'E' or 'O' followed by a
      // format character: if __mod is not the default argument, assume
      // it's a valid modifier.
      char_type __fmt[4];
      __fmt[0] = __ctype.widen('%'); 
      if (!__mod)
        {
          __fmt[1] = __format;
          __fmt[2] = char_type();
        }
      else
        {
          __fmt[1] = __mod;
          __fmt[2] = __format;
          __fmt[3] = char_type();
        }

      __tp._M_put(__res, __maxlen, __fmt, __tm);

      // Write resulting, fully-formatted string to output iterator.
      return std::__write(__s, __res, char_traits<char_type>::length(__res));
    }


  // Generic version does nothing.
  template<typename _CharT>
    int
    collate<_CharT>::_M_compare(const _CharT*, const _CharT*) const
    { return 0; }

  // Generic version does nothing.
  template<typename _CharT>
    size_t
    collate<_CharT>::_M_transform(_CharT*, const _CharT*, size_t) const
    { return 0; }

  template<typename _CharT>
    int
    collate<_CharT>::
    do_compare(const _CharT* __lo1, const _CharT* __hi1, 
               const _CharT* __lo2, const _CharT* __hi2) const
    { 
      // strcoll assumes zero-terminated strings so we make a copy
      // and then put a zero at the end.
      const string_type __one(__lo1, __hi1);
      const string_type __two(__lo2, __hi2);

      const _CharT* __p = __one.c_str();
      const _CharT* __pend = __one.c_str() + __one.length();
      const _CharT* __q = __two.c_str();
      const _CharT* __qend = __two.c_str() + __two.length();

      // strcoll stops when it sees a nul character so we break
      // the strings into zero-terminated substrings and pass those
      // to strcoll.
      for (;;)
        {
          const int __res = _M_compare(__p, __q);
          if (__res)
            return __res;

          __p += char_traits<_CharT>::length(__p);
          __q += char_traits<_CharT>::length(__q);
          if (__p == __pend && __q == __qend)
            return 0;
          else if (__p == __pend)
            return -1;
          else if (__q == __qend)
            return 1;

          __p++;
          __q++;
        }
    }

 template<typename _CharT>
    typename collate<_CharT>::string_type
    collate<_CharT>::
    do_transform(const _CharT* __lo, const _CharT* __hi) const
    {
      // strxfrm assumes zero-terminated strings so we make a copy
      string_type __str(__lo, __hi);

      const _CharT* __p = __str.c_str();
      const _CharT* __pend = __str.c_str() + __str.length();

      size_t __len = (__hi - __lo) * 2;

      string_type __ret;

      // strxfrm stops when it sees a nul character so we break
      // the string into zero-terminated substrings and pass those
      // to strxfrm.
      for (;;)
        {
          // First try a buffer perhaps big enough.
          _CharT* __c =
            static_cast<_CharT*>(__builtin_alloca(sizeof(_CharT) * __len));
          size_t __res = _M_transform(__c, __p, __len);
          // If the buffer was not large enough, try again with the
          // correct size.
          if (__res >= __len)
            {
              __len = __res + 1;
              __c = static_cast<_CharT*>(__builtin_alloca(sizeof(_CharT) 
                                                          * __len));
              __res = _M_transform(__c, __p, __res + 1);
            }

          __ret.append(__c, __res);
          __p += char_traits<_CharT>::length(__p);
          if (__p == __pend)
            return __ret;

          __p++;
          __ret.push_back(_CharT());
        }
    }

 template<typename _CharT>
    long
    collate<_CharT>::
    do_hash(const _CharT* __lo, const _CharT* __hi) const
    { 
      unsigned long __val = 0;
      for (; __lo < __hi; ++__lo)
        __val = *__lo + ((__val << 7) | 
                       (__val >> (numeric_limits<unsigned long>::digits - 7)));
      return static_cast<long>(__val);
    }

  // Construct correctly padded string, as per 22.2.2.2.2
  // Assumes 
  // __newlen > __oldlen
  // __news is allocated for __newlen size
  // Used by both num_put and ostream inserters: if __num,
  // internal-adjusted objects are padded according to the rules below
  // concerning 0[xX] and +-, otherwise, exactly as right-adjusted
  // ones are.

  // NB: Of the two parameters, _CharT can be deduced from the
  // function arguments. The other (_Traits) has to be explicitly specified.
  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits>
    void 
    __pad<_CharT, _Traits>::_S_pad(ios_base& __io, _CharT __fill, 
                                   _CharT* __news, const _CharT* __olds, 
                                   const streamsize __newlen, 
                                   const streamsize __oldlen, const bool __num)
    {
      const size_t __plen = static_cast<size_t>(__newlen - __oldlen);
      const ios_base::fmtflags __adjust = __io.flags() & ios_base::adjustfield;

      // Padding last.
      if (__adjust == ios_base::left)
        {
          _Traits::copy(__news, const_cast<_CharT*>(__olds), __oldlen);
          _Traits::assign(__news + __oldlen, __plen, __fill);
          return;
        }

      size_t __mod = 0;
      if (__adjust == ios_base::internal && __num)
        {
          // Pad after the sign, if there is one.
          // Pad after 0[xX], if there is one.
          // Who came up with these rules, anyway? Jeeze.
          const locale& __loc = __io._M_getloc();
          const ctype<_CharT>& __ctype = use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc); 
          const _CharT __minus = __ctype.widen('-');
          const _CharT __plus = __ctype.widen('+');
          const bool __testsign = _Traits::eq(__olds[0], __minus)
                                  || _Traits::eq(__olds[0], __plus);

          const bool __testhex = _Traits::eq(__ctype.widen('0'), __olds[0]) 
                                 && (_Traits::eq(__ctype.widen('x'), __olds[1]) 
                                     || _Traits::eq(__ctype.widen('X'), __olds[1]));
          if (__testhex)
            {
              __news[0] = __olds[0]; 
              __news[1] = __olds[1];
              __mod = 2;
              __news += 2;
            }
          else if (__testsign)
            {
              __news[0] = __olds[0];
              __mod = 1;
              ++__news;
            }
          // else Padding first.
        }
      _Traits::assign(__news, __plen, __fill);
      _Traits::copy(__news + __plen, const_cast<_CharT*>(__olds + __mod),
                    __oldlen - __mod);
    }

  template<typename _CharT>
    bool
    __verify_grouping(const basic_string<_CharT>& __grouping, 
                      basic_string<_CharT>& __grouping_tmp)
    {         
      size_t __i = 0;
      size_t __j = 0;
      const size_t __len = __grouping.size();
      const size_t __n = __grouping_tmp.size();
      bool __test = true;
      
      // Parsed number groupings have to match the
      // numpunct::grouping string exactly, starting at the
      // right-most point of the parsed sequence of elements ...
      while (__test && __i < __n - 1)
        for (__j = 0; __test && __j < __len && __i < __n - 1; ++__j,++__i)
          __test &= __grouping[__j] == __grouping_tmp[__n - __i - 1];
      // ... but the last parsed grouping can be <= numpunct
      // grouping.
      __j == __len ? __j = 0 : __j;
      __test &= __grouping[__j] >= __grouping_tmp[__n - __i - 1];
      return __test;
    }

  template<typename _CharT>
    _CharT*
    __add_grouping(_CharT* __s, _CharT __sep,  
                   const char* __gbeg, const char* __gend, 
                   const _CharT* __first, const _CharT* __last)
    {
      if (__last - __first > *__gbeg)
        {
          const bool __bump = __gbeg + 1 != __gend;
          __s = std::__add_grouping(__s,  __sep, __gbeg + __bump,
                                    __gend, __first, __last - *__gbeg);
          __first = __last - *__gbeg;
          *__s++ = __sep;
        }
      do
        *__s++ = *__first++;
      while (__first != __last);
      return __s;
    }

  // Inhibit implicit instantiations for required instantiations,
  // which are defined via explicit instantiations elsewhere.  
  // NB: This syntax is a GNU extension.
#if _GLIBCXX_EXTERN_TEMPLATE
  extern template class moneypunct<char, false>;
  extern template class moneypunct<char, true>;
  extern template class moneypunct_byname<char, false>;
  extern template class moneypunct_byname<char, true>;
  extern template class money_get<char>;
  extern template class money_put<char>;
  extern template class numpunct<char>;
  extern template class numpunct_byname<char>;
  extern template class num_get<char>;
  extern template class num_put<char>; 
  extern template class __timepunct<char>;
  extern template class time_put<char>;
  extern template class time_put_byname<char>;
  extern template class time_get<char>;
  extern template class time_get_byname<char>;
  extern template class messages<char>;
  extern template class messages_byname<char>;
  extern template class ctype_byname<char>;
  extern template class codecvt_byname<char, char, mbstate_t>;
  extern template class collate<char>;
  extern template class collate_byname<char>;

  extern template
    const codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>& 
    use_facet<codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    const collate<char>& 
    use_facet<collate<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    const numpunct<char>& 
    use_facet<numpunct<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    const num_put<char>& 
    use_facet<num_put<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    const num_get<char>& 
    use_facet<num_get<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    const moneypunct<char, true>& 
    use_facet<moneypunct<char, true> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    const moneypunct<char, false>& 
    use_facet<moneypunct<char, false> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    const money_put<char>& 
    use_facet<money_put<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    const money_get<char>& 
    use_facet<money_get<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    const __timepunct<char>& 
    use_facet<__timepunct<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    const time_put<char>& 
    use_facet<time_put<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    const time_get<char>& 
    use_facet<time_get<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    const messages<char>& 
    use_facet<messages<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    bool
    has_facet<ctype<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    bool
    has_facet<codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    bool
    has_facet<collate<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    bool
    has_facet<numpunct<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    bool
    has_facet<num_put<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    bool
    has_facet<num_get<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    bool
    has_facet<moneypunct<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    bool
    has_facet<money_put<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    bool
    has_facet<money_get<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    bool
    has_facet<__timepunct<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    bool
    has_facet<time_put<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    bool
    has_facet<time_get<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    bool
    has_facet<messages<char> >(const locale&);

#ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
  extern template class moneypunct<wchar_t, false>;
  extern template class moneypunct<wchar_t, true>;
  extern template class moneypunct_byname<wchar_t, false>;
  extern template class moneypunct_byname<wchar_t, true>;
  extern template class money_get<wchar_t>;
  extern template class money_put<wchar_t>;
  extern template class numpunct<wchar_t>;
  extern template class numpunct_byname<wchar_t>;
  extern template class num_get<wchar_t>;
  extern template class num_put<wchar_t>;
  extern template class __timepunct<wchar_t>;
  extern template class time_put<wchar_t>;
  extern template class time_put_byname<wchar_t>;
  extern template class time_get<wchar_t>;
  extern template class time_get_byname<wchar_t>;
  extern template class messages<wchar_t>;
  extern template class messages_byname<wchar_t>;
  extern template class ctype_byname<wchar_t>;
  extern template class codecvt_byname<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>;
  extern template class collate<wchar_t>;
  extern template class collate_byname<wchar_t>;

  extern template
    const codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>& 
    use_facet<codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t> >(locale const&);

  extern template
    const collate<wchar_t>& 
    use_facet<collate<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    const numpunct<wchar_t>& 
    use_facet<numpunct<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    const num_put<wchar_t>& 
    use_facet<num_put<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    const num_get<wchar_t>& 
    use_facet<num_get<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    const moneypunct<wchar_t, true>& 
    use_facet<moneypunct<wchar_t, true> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    const moneypunct<wchar_t, false>& 
    use_facet<moneypunct<wchar_t, false> >(const locale&);
 
  extern template 
    const money_put<wchar_t>& 
    use_facet<money_put<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    const money_get<wchar_t>& 
    use_facet<money_get<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    const __timepunct<wchar_t>& 
    use_facet<__timepunct<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    const time_put<wchar_t>& 
    use_facet<time_put<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    const time_get<wchar_t>& 
    use_facet<time_get<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    const messages<wchar_t>& 
    use_facet<messages<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

 extern template 
    bool
    has_facet<ctype<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    bool
    has_facet<codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    bool
    has_facet<collate<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    bool
    has_facet<numpunct<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    bool
    has_facet<num_put<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    bool
    has_facet<num_get<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    bool
    has_facet<moneypunct<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    bool
    has_facet<money_put<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    bool
    has_facet<money_get<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    bool
    has_facet<__timepunct<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    bool
    has_facet<time_put<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    bool
    has_facet<time_get<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    bool
    has_facet<messages<wchar_t> >(const locale&);
#endif
#endif
} // namespace std

#endif