locale_facets.tcc (num_get::_M_extract_int): Fix bounds error in handling of hex...

[gcc.git] / libstdc++-v3 / include / bits / locale_facets.tcc

// Locale support -*- C++ -*-

// Copyright (C) 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004
// Free Software Foundation, Inc.
//
// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
// Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
// any later version.

// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.

// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
// with this library; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the Free
// Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307,
// USA.

// As a special exception, you may use this file as part of a free software
// library without restriction.  Specifically, if other files instantiate
// templates or use macros or inline functions from this file, or you compile
// this file and link it with other files to produce an executable, this
// file does not by itself cause the resulting executable to be covered by
// the GNU General Public License.  This exception does not however
// invalidate any other reasons why the executable file might be covered by
// the GNU General Public License.

// Warning: this file is not meant for user inclusion. Use <locale>.

#ifndef _LOCALE_FACETS_TCC
#define _LOCALE_FACETS_TCC 1

#pragma GCC system_header

#include <limits>               // For numeric_limits
#include <typeinfo>             // For bad_cast.
#include <bits/streambuf_iterator.h>

namespace std
{
  template<typename _Facet>
    locale
    locale::combine(const locale& __other) const
    {
      _Impl* __tmp = new _Impl(*_M_impl, 1);
      try
        {
          __tmp->_M_replace_facet(__other._M_impl, &_Facet::id);
        }
      catch(...)
        {
          __tmp->_M_remove_reference();
          __throw_exception_again;
        }
      return locale(__tmp);
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
    bool
    locale::operator()(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __s1,
                       const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __s2) const
    {
      typedef std::collate<_CharT> __collate_type;
      const __collate_type& __collate = use_facet<__collate_type>(*this);
      return (__collate.compare(__s1.data(), __s1.data() + __s1.length(),
                                __s2.data(), __s2.data() + __s2.length()) < 0);
    }

  /**
   *  @brief  Test for the presence of a facet.
   *
   *  has_facet tests the locale argument for the presence of the facet type
   *  provided as the template parameter.  Facets derived from the facet
   *  parameter will also return true.
   *
   *  @param  Facet  The facet type to test the presence of.
   *  @param  locale  The locale to test.
   *  @return  true if locale contains a facet of type Facet, else false.
   *  @throw  std::bad_cast if locale doesn't contain the facet.
  */
  template<typename _Facet>
    inline bool
    has_facet(const locale& __loc) throw()
    {
      const size_t __i = _Facet::id._M_id();
      const locale::facet** __facets = __loc._M_impl->_M_facets;
      return (__i < __loc._M_impl->_M_facets_size && __facets[__i]);
    }

  /**
   *  @brief  Return a facet.
   *
   *  use_facet looks for and returns a reference to a facet of type Facet
   *  where Facet is the template parameter.  If has_facet(locale) is true,
   *  there is a suitable facet to return.  It throws std::bad_cast if the
   *  locale doesn't contain a facet of type Facet.
   *
   *  @param  Facet  The facet type to access.
   *  @param  locale  The locale to use.
   *  @return  Reference to facet of type Facet.
   *  @throw  std::bad_cast if locale doesn't contain a facet of type Facet.
  */
  template<typename _Facet>
    inline const _Facet&
    use_facet(const locale& __loc)
    {
      const size_t __i = _Facet::id._M_id();
      const locale::facet** __facets = __loc._M_impl->_M_facets;
      if (!(__i < __loc._M_impl->_M_facets_size && __facets[__i]))
        __throw_bad_cast();
      return static_cast<const _Facet&>(*__facets[__i]);
    }

  // Routine to access a cache for the facet.  If the cache didn't
  // exist before, it gets constructed on the fly.
  template<typename _Facet>
    struct __use_cache
    {
      const _Facet*
      operator() (const locale& __loc) const;
    };

  template<typename _CharT>
    struct __use_cache<__numpunct_cache<_CharT> >
    {
      const __numpunct_cache<_CharT>*
      operator() (const locale& __loc) const
      {
        const size_t __i = numpunct<_CharT>::id._M_id();
        const locale::facet** __caches = __loc._M_impl->_M_caches;
        if (!__caches[__i])
          {
            __numpunct_cache<_CharT>* __tmp = NULL;
            try
              {
                __tmp = new __numpunct_cache<_CharT>;
                __tmp->_M_cache(__loc);
              }
            catch(...)
              {
                delete __tmp;
                __throw_exception_again;
              }
            __loc._M_impl->_M_install_cache(__tmp, __i);
          }
        return static_cast<const __numpunct_cache<_CharT>*>(__caches[__i]);
      }
    };

  // Used by both numeric and monetary facets.
  // Check to make sure that the __grouping_tmp string constructed in
  // money_get or num_get matches the canonical grouping for a given
  // locale.
  // __grouping_tmp is parsed L to R
  // 1,222,444 == __grouping_tmp of "\1\3\3"
  // __grouping is parsed R to L
  // 1,222,444 == __grouping of "\3" == "\3\3\3"
  static bool
  __verify_grouping(const char* __grouping, size_t __grouping_size,
                    const string& __grouping_tmp);

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    num_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    _M_extract_float(_InIter __beg, _InIter __end, ios_base& __io,
                     ios_base::iostate& __err, string& __xtrc) const
    {
      typedef char_traits<_CharT>                       __traits_type;
      typedef typename numpunct<_CharT>::__cache_type   __cache_type;
      __use_cache<__cache_type> __uc;
      const locale& __loc = __io._M_getloc();
      const __cache_type* __lc = __uc(__loc);
      const _CharT* __lit = __lc->_M_atoms_in;

      // True if a mantissa is found.
      bool __found_mantissa = false;

      // First check for sign.
      if (__beg != __end)
        {
          const char_type __c = *__beg;
          const bool __plus = __traits_type::eq(__c, __lit[_S_iplus]);
          if ((__plus || __traits_type::eq(__c, __lit[_S_iminus]))
              && !__traits_type::eq(__c, __lc->_M_decimal_point)
              && (!__lc->_M_use_grouping
                  || !__traits_type::eq(__c, __lc->_M_thousands_sep)))
            {
              __xtrc += __plus ? _S_atoms_in[_S_iplus]
                               : _S_atoms_in[_S_iminus];
              ++__beg;
            }
        }

      // Next, look for leading zeros.
      while (__beg != __end)
        {
          const char_type __c = *__beg;
          if (__traits_type::eq(__c, __lc->_M_decimal_point)
              || (__lc->_M_use_grouping
                  && __traits_type::eq(__c, __lc->_M_thousands_sep)))
            break;
          else if (__traits_type::eq(__c, __lit[_S_izero]))
            {
              if (!__found_mantissa)
                {
                  __xtrc += _S_atoms_in[_S_izero];
                  __found_mantissa = true;
                }
              ++__beg;
            }
          else
            break;
        }

      // Only need acceptable digits for floating point numbers.
      bool __found_dec = false;
      bool __found_sci = false;
      string __found_grouping;
      int __sep_pos = 0;
      bool __e;
      const char_type* __p;
      while (__beg != __end)
        {
          // According to 22.2.2.1.2, p8-9, first look for thousands_sep
          // and decimal_point.
          const char_type __c = *__beg;
          if (__lc->_M_use_grouping
              && __traits_type::eq(__c, __lc->_M_thousands_sep))
            {
              if (!__found_dec && !__found_sci)
                {
                  // NB: Thousands separator at the beginning of a string
                  // is a no-no, as is two consecutive thousands separators.
                  if (__sep_pos)
                    {
                      __found_grouping += static_cast<char>(__sep_pos);
                      __sep_pos = 0;
                      ++__beg;
                    }
                  else
                    {
                      __err |= ios_base::failbit;
                      break;
                    }
                }
              else
                break;
            }
          else if (__traits_type::eq(__c, __lc->_M_decimal_point))
            {
              if (!__found_dec && !__found_sci)
                {
                  // If no grouping chars are seen, no grouping check
                  // is applied. Therefore __found_grouping is adjusted
                  // only if decimal_point comes after some thousands_sep.
                  if (__found_grouping.size())
                    __found_grouping += static_cast<char>(__sep_pos);
                  __xtrc += '.';
                  __found_dec = true;
                  ++__beg;
                }
              else
                break;
            }
          else if (__p = __traits_type::find(__lit + _S_izero, 10, __c))
            {
              __xtrc += _S_atoms_in[__p - __lit];
              __found_mantissa = true;
              ++__sep_pos;
              ++__beg;
            }
          else if ((__e = __traits_type::eq(__c, __lit[_S_ie])
                    || __traits_type::eq(__c, __lit[_S_iE]))
                   && __found_mantissa && !__found_sci)
            {
              // Scientific notation.
              __xtrc += __e ? _S_atoms_in[_S_ie] : _S_atoms_in[_S_iE];
              __found_sci = true;

              // Remove optional plus or minus sign, if they exist.
              if (++__beg != __end)
                {
                  const bool __plus = __traits_type::eq(*__beg, __lit[_S_iplus]);
                  if (__plus || __traits_type::eq(*__beg, __lit[_S_iminus]))
                    {
                      __xtrc += __plus ? _S_atoms_in[_S_iplus]
                                       : _S_atoms_in[_S_iminus];
                      ++__beg;
                    }
                }
            }
          else
            // Not a valid input item.
            break;
        }

      // Digit grouping is checked. If grouping and found_grouping don't
      // match, then get very very upset, and set failbit.
      if (__found_grouping.size())
        {
          // Add the ending grouping if a decimal wasn't found.
          if (!__found_dec)
            __found_grouping += static_cast<char>(__sep_pos);

          if (!std::__verify_grouping(__lc->_M_grouping, __lc->_M_grouping_size,
                                      __found_grouping))
            __err |= ios_base::failbit;
        }

      // Finish up.
      __xtrc += char();
      if (__beg == __end)
        __err |= ios_base::eofbit;
      return __beg;
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    template<typename _ValueT>
      _InIter
      num_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
      _M_extract_int(_InIter __beg, _InIter __end, ios_base& __io,
                     ios_base::iostate& __err, _ValueT& __v) const
      {
        typedef char_traits<_CharT>                     __traits_type;
        typedef typename numpunct<_CharT>::__cache_type __cache_type;
        __use_cache<__cache_type> __uc;
        const locale& __loc = __io._M_getloc();
        const __cache_type* __lc = __uc(__loc);
        const _CharT* __lit = __lc->_M_atoms_in;

        // NB: Iff __basefield == 0, __base can change based on contents.
        const ios_base::fmtflags __basefield = __io.flags() & ios_base::basefield;
        const bool __oct = __basefield == ios_base::oct;
        int __base = __oct ? 8 : (__basefield == ios_base::hex ? 16 : 10);

        // True if numeric digits are found.
        bool __found_num = false;

        // First check for sign.
        bool __negative = false;
        if (__beg != __end)
          {
            const char_type __c = *__beg;
            if (numeric_limits<_ValueT>::is_signed)
              __negative = __traits_type::eq(__c, __lit[_S_iminus]);
            if ((__negative || __traits_type::eq(__c, __lit[_S_iplus]))
                && !__traits_type::eq(__c, __lc->_M_decimal_point)
                && (!__lc->_M_use_grouping
                    || !__traits_type::eq(__c, __lc->_M_thousands_sep)))
              ++__beg;
          }

        // Next, look for leading zeros and check required digits
        // for base formats.
        while (__beg != __end)
          {
            const char_type __c = *__beg;
            if (__traits_type::eq(__c, __lc->_M_decimal_point)
                || (__lc->_M_use_grouping
                    && __traits_type::eq(__c, __lc->_M_thousands_sep)))
              break;
            else if (__traits_type::eq(__c, __lit[_S_izero])
                     && (!__found_num || __base == 10))
              {
                __found_num = true;
                ++__beg;
              }
            else if (__found_num)
              {
                if (__traits_type::eq(__c, __lit[_S_ix])
                    || __traits_type::eq(__c, __lit[_S_iX]))
                  {
                    if (__basefield == 0)
                      __base = 16;
                    if (__base == 16)
                      {
                        __found_num = false;
                        ++__beg;
                      }
                  }
                else if (__basefield == 0)
                  __base = 8;
                break;
              }
            else
              break;
          }

        // At this point, base is determined. If not hex, only allow
        // base digits as valid input.
        const size_t __len = __base == 16 ? _S_iend - _S_izero : __base;

        // Extract.
        string __found_grouping;
        int __sep_pos = 0;
        bool __overflow = false;
        _ValueT __result = 0;
        const char_type* __lit_zero = __lit + _S_izero;
        const char_type* __p;
        if (__negative)
          {
            const _ValueT __min = numeric_limits<_ValueT>::min() / __base;
            for (; __beg != __end; ++__beg)
              {
                // According to 22.2.2.1.2, p8-9, first look for thousands_sep
                // and decimal_point.
                const char_type __c = *__beg;
                if (__lc->_M_use_grouping
                    && __traits_type::eq(__c, __lc->_M_thousands_sep))
                  {
                    // NB: Thousands separator at the beginning of a string
                    // is a no-no, as is two consecutive thousands separators.
                    if (__sep_pos)
                      {
                        __found_grouping += static_cast<char>(__sep_pos);
                        __sep_pos = 0;
                      }
                    else
                      {
                        __err |= ios_base::failbit;
                        break;
                      }
                  }
                else if (__traits_type::eq(__c, __lc->_M_decimal_point))
                  break;
                else if (__p = __traits_type::find(__lit_zero, __len, __c))
                  {
                    int __digit = __p - __lit_zero;
                    if (__digit > 15)
                      __digit -= 6;
                    if (__result < __min)
                      __overflow = true;
                    else
                      {
                        const _ValueT __new_result = __result * __base - __digit;
                        __overflow |= __new_result > __result;
                        __result = __new_result;
                        ++__sep_pos;
                        __found_num = true;
                      }
                  }
                else
                  // Not a valid input item.
                  break;
              }
          }
        else
          {
            const _ValueT __max = numeric_limits<_ValueT>::max() / __base;
            for (; __beg != __end; ++__beg)
              {
                const char_type __c = *__beg;
                if (__lc->_M_use_grouping
                    && __traits_type::eq(__c, __lc->_M_thousands_sep))
                  {
                    if (__sep_pos)
                      {
                        __found_grouping += static_cast<char>(__sep_pos);
                        __sep_pos = 0;
                      }
                    else
                      {
                        __err |= ios_base::failbit;
                        break;
                      }
                  }
                else if (__traits_type::eq(__c, __lc->_M_decimal_point))
                  break;
                else if (__p = __traits_type::find(__lit_zero, __len, __c))
                  {
                    int __digit = __p - __lit_zero;
                    if (__digit > 15)
                      __digit -= 6;
                    if (__result > __max)
                      __overflow = true;
                    else
                      {
                        const _ValueT __new_result = __result * __base + __digit;
                        __overflow |= __new_result < __result;
                        __result = __new_result;
                        ++__sep_pos;
                        __found_num = true;
                      }
                  }
                else
                  break;
              }
          }

        // Digit grouping is checked. If grouping and found_grouping don't
        // match, then get very very upset, and set failbit.
        if (__found_grouping.size())
          {
            // Add the ending grouping.
            __found_grouping += static_cast<char>(__sep_pos);

            if (!std::__verify_grouping(__lc->_M_grouping, __lc->_M_grouping_size,
                                        __found_grouping))
              __err |= ios_base::failbit;
          }

        if (!(__err & ios_base::failbit) && !__overflow
            && __found_num)
          __v = __result;
        else
          __err |= ios_base::failbit;

        if (__beg == __end)
          __err |= ios_base::eofbit;
        return __beg;
      }

  // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
  // 17.  Bad bool parsing
  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    num_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
           ios_base::iostate& __err, bool& __v) const
    {
      if (!(__io.flags() & ios_base::boolalpha))
        {
          // Parse bool values as long.
          // NB: We can't just call do_get(long) here, as it might
          // refer to a derived class.
          long __l = -1;
          __beg = _M_extract_int(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __l);
          if (__l == 0 || __l == 1)
            __v = __l;
          else
            __err |= ios_base::failbit;
        }
      else
        {
          // Parse bool values as alphanumeric.
          typedef char_traits<_CharT>                     __traits_type;
          typedef typename numpunct<_CharT>::__cache_type __cache_type;
          __use_cache<__cache_type> __uc;
          const locale& __loc = __io._M_getloc();
          const __cache_type* __lc = __uc(__loc);

          bool __testf = true;
          bool __testt = true;
          size_t __n;
          for (__n = 0; __beg != __end; ++__n, ++__beg)
            {
              if (__testf)
                if (__n < __lc->_M_falsename_size)
                  __testf = __traits_type::eq(*__beg, __lc->_M_falsename[__n]);
                else
                  break;

              if (__testt)
                if (__n < __lc->_M_truename_size)
                  __testt = __traits_type::eq(*__beg, __lc->_M_truename[__n]);
                else
                  break;

              if (!__testf && !__testt)
                break;
            }
          if (__testf && __n == __lc->_M_falsename_size)
            __v = 0;
          else if (__testt && __n == __lc->_M_truename_size)
            __v = 1;
          else
            __err |= ios_base::failbit;

          if (__beg == __end)
            __err |= ios_base::eofbit;
        }
      return __beg;
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    num_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
           ios_base::iostate& __err, long& __v) const
    { return _M_extract_int(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __v); }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    num_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
           ios_base::iostate& __err, unsigned short& __v) const
    { return _M_extract_int(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __v); }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    num_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
           ios_base::iostate& __err, unsigned int& __v) const
    { return _M_extract_int(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __v); }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    num_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
           ios_base::iostate& __err, unsigned long& __v) const
    { return _M_extract_int(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __v); }

#ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_LONG_LONG
  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    num_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
           ios_base::iostate& __err, long long& __v) const
    { return _M_extract_int(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __v); }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    num_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
           ios_base::iostate& __err, unsigned long long& __v) const
    { return _M_extract_int(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __v); }
#endif

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    num_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
           ios_base::iostate& __err, float& __v) const
    {
      string __xtrc;
      __xtrc.reserve(32);
      __beg = _M_extract_float(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __xtrc);
      std::__convert_to_v(__xtrc.c_str(), __v, __err, _S_get_c_locale());
      return __beg;
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    num_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
           ios_base::iostate& __err, double& __v) const
    {
      string __xtrc;
      __xtrc.reserve(32);
      __beg = _M_extract_float(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __xtrc);
      std::__convert_to_v(__xtrc.c_str(), __v, __err, _S_get_c_locale());
      return __beg;
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    num_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
           ios_base::iostate& __err, long double& __v) const
    {
      string __xtrc;
      __xtrc.reserve(32);
      __beg = _M_extract_float(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __xtrc);
      std::__convert_to_v(__xtrc.c_str(), __v, __err, _S_get_c_locale());
      return __beg;
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    num_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
           ios_base::iostate& __err, void*& __v) const
    {
      // Prepare for hex formatted input.
      typedef ios_base::fmtflags        fmtflags;
      const fmtflags __fmt = __io.flags();
      __io.flags(__fmt & ~ios_base::basefield | ios_base::hex);

      unsigned long __ul;
      __beg = _M_extract_int(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __ul);

      // Reset from hex formatted input.
      __io.flags(__fmt);

      if (!(__err & ios_base::failbit))
        __v = reinterpret_cast<void*>(__ul);
      else
        __err |= ios_base::failbit;
      return __beg;
    }

  // For use by integer and floating-point types after they have been
  // converted into a char_type string.
  template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
    void
    num_put<_CharT, _OutIter>::
    _M_pad(_CharT __fill, streamsize __w, ios_base& __io,
           _CharT* __new, const _CharT* __cs, int& __len) const
    {
      // [22.2.2.2.2] Stage 3.
      // If necessary, pad.
      __pad<_CharT, char_traits<_CharT> >::_S_pad(__io, __fill, __new, __cs,
                                                  __w, __len, true);
      __len = static_cast<int>(__w);
    }

  // Forwarding functions to peel signed from unsigned integer types.
  template<typename _CharT>
    inline int
    __int_to_char(_CharT* __bufend, long __v, const _CharT* __lit,
                  ios_base::fmtflags __flags)
    {
      unsigned long __ul = static_cast<unsigned long>(__v);
      bool __neg = false;
      if (__v < 0)
        {
          __ul = -__ul;
          __neg = true;
        }
      return __int_to_char(__bufend, __ul, __lit, __flags, __neg);
    }

  template<typename _CharT>
    inline int
    __int_to_char(_CharT* __bufend, unsigned long __v, const _CharT* __lit,
                  ios_base::fmtflags __flags)
    { return __int_to_char(__bufend, __v, __lit, __flags, false); }

#ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_LONG_LONG
  template<typename _CharT>
    inline int
    __int_to_char(_CharT* __bufend, long long __v, const _CharT* __lit,
                  ios_base::fmtflags __flags)
    {
      unsigned long long __ull = static_cast<unsigned long long>(__v);
      bool __neg = false;
      if (__v < 0)
        {
          __ull = -__ull;
          __neg = true;
        }
      return __int_to_char(__bufend, __ull, __lit, __flags, __neg);
    }

  template<typename _CharT>
    inline int
    __int_to_char(_CharT* __bufend, unsigned long long __v, const _CharT* __lit,
                  ios_base::fmtflags __flags)
    { return __int_to_char(__bufend, __v, __lit, __flags, false); }
#endif

  template<typename _CharT, typename _ValueT>
    int
    __int_to_char(_CharT* __bufend, _ValueT __v, const _CharT* __lit,
                  ios_base::fmtflags __flags, bool __neg)
    {
      // Don't write base if already 0.
      const bool __showbase = (__flags & ios_base::showbase) && __v;
      const ios_base::fmtflags __basefield = __flags & ios_base::basefield;
      _CharT* __buf = __bufend - 1;

      if (__builtin_expect(__basefield != ios_base::oct &&
                           __basefield != ios_base::hex, true))
        {
          // Decimal.
          do
            {
              *__buf-- = __lit[(__v % 10) + __num_base::_S_odigits];
              __v /= 10;
            }
          while (__v != 0);
          if (__neg)
            *__buf-- = __lit[__num_base::_S_ominus];
          else if (__flags & ios_base::showpos)
            *__buf-- = __lit[__num_base::_S_oplus];
        }
      else if (__basefield == ios_base::oct)
        {
          // Octal.
          do
            {
              *__buf-- = __lit[(__v & 0x7) + __num_base::_S_odigits];
              __v >>= 3;
            }
          while (__v != 0);
          if (__showbase)
            *__buf-- = __lit[__num_base::_S_odigits];
        }
      else
        {
          // Hex.
          const bool __uppercase = __flags & ios_base::uppercase;
          const int __case_offset = __uppercase ? __num_base::_S_oudigits
                                                : __num_base::_S_odigits;
          do
            {
              *__buf-- = __lit[(__v & 0xf) + __case_offset];
              __v >>= 4;
            }
          while (__v != 0);
          if (__showbase)
            {
              // 'x' or 'X'
              *__buf-- = __lit[__num_base::_S_ox + __uppercase];
              // '0'
              *__buf-- = __lit[__num_base::_S_odigits];
            }
        }
      return __bufend - __buf - 1;
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
    void
    num_put<_CharT, _OutIter>::
    _M_group_int(const char* __grouping, size_t __grouping_size, _CharT __sep,
                 ios_base& __io, _CharT* __new, _CharT* __cs, int& __len) const
    {
      // By itself __add_grouping cannot deal correctly with __cs when
      // ios::showbase is set and ios_base::oct || ios_base::hex.
      // Therefore we take care "by hand" of the initial 0, 0x or 0X.
      // However, remember that the latter do not occur if the number
      // printed is '0' (__len == 1).
      streamsize __off = 0;
      const ios_base::fmtflags __basefield = __io.flags()
                                             & ios_base::basefield;
      if ((__io.flags() & ios_base::showbase) && __len > 1)
        if (__basefield == ios_base::oct)
          {
            __off = 1;
            __new[0] = __cs[0];
          }
        else if (__basefield == ios_base::hex)
          {
            __off = 2;
            __new[0] = __cs[0];
            __new[1] = __cs[1];
          }
      _CharT* __p;
      __p = std::__add_grouping(__new + __off, __sep, __grouping,
                                __grouping_size, __cs + __off,
                                __cs + __len);
      __len = __p - __new;
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
    template<typename _ValueT>
      _OutIter
      num_put<_CharT, _OutIter>::
      _M_insert_int(_OutIter __s, ios_base& __io, _CharT __fill,
                    _ValueT __v) const
      {
        typedef typename numpunct<_CharT>::__cache_type __cache_type;
        __use_cache<__cache_type> __uc;
        const locale& __loc = __io._M_getloc();
        const __cache_type* __lc = __uc(__loc);
        const _CharT* __lit = __lc->_M_atoms_out;

        // Long enough to hold hex, dec, and octal representations.
        const int __ilen = 4 * sizeof(_ValueT);
        _CharT* __cs = static_cast<_CharT*>(__builtin_alloca(sizeof(_CharT)
                                                             * __ilen));

        // [22.2.2.2.2] Stage 1, numeric conversion to character.
        // Result is returned right-justified in the buffer.
        int __len;
        __len = __int_to_char(__cs + __ilen, __v, __lit, __io.flags());
        __cs += __ilen - __len;

        // Add grouping, if necessary.
        if (__lc->_M_use_grouping)
          {
            // Grouping can add (almost) as many separators as the
            // number of digits, but no more.
            _CharT* __cs2 = static_cast<_CharT*>(__builtin_alloca(sizeof(_CharT)
                                                                  * __len * 2));
            _M_group_int(__lc->_M_grouping, __lc->_M_grouping_size,
                         __lc->_M_thousands_sep, __io, __cs2, __cs, __len);
            __cs = __cs2;
          }

        // Pad.
        const streamsize __w = __io.width();
        if (__w > static_cast<streamsize>(__len))
          {
            _CharT* __cs3 = static_cast<_CharT*>(__builtin_alloca(sizeof(_CharT)
                                                                  * __w));
            _M_pad(__fill, __w, __io, __cs3, __cs, __len);
            __cs = __cs3;
          }
        __io.width(0);

        // [22.2.2.2.2] Stage 4.
        // Write resulting, fully-formatted string to output iterator.
        return std::__write(__s, __cs, __len);
      }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
    void
    num_put<_CharT, _OutIter>::
    _M_group_float(const char* __grouping, size_t __grouping_size, _CharT __sep,
                   const _CharT* __p, _CharT* __new, _CharT* __cs, int& __len) const
    {
      // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
      // 282. What types does numpunct grouping refer to?
      // Add grouping, if necessary.
      _CharT* __p2;
      const int __declen = __p ? __p - __cs : __len;
      __p2 = std::__add_grouping(__new, __sep, __grouping, __grouping_size,
                                 __cs, __cs + __declen);

      // Tack on decimal part.
      int __newlen = __p2 - __new;
      if (__p)
        {
          char_traits<_CharT>::copy(__p2, __p, __len - __declen);
          __newlen += __len - __declen;
        }
      __len = __newlen;
    }

  // The following code uses snprintf (or sprintf(), when
  // _GLIBCXX_USE_C99 is not defined) to convert floating point values
  // for insertion into a stream.  An optimization would be to replace
  // them with code that works directly on a wide buffer and then use
  // __pad to do the padding.  It would be good to replace them anyway
  // to gain back the efficiency that C++ provides by knowing up front
  // the type of the values to insert.  Also, sprintf is dangerous
  // since may lead to accidental buffer overruns.  This
  // implementation follows the C++ standard fairly directly as
  // outlined in 22.2.2.2 [lib.locale.num.put]
  template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
    template<typename _ValueT>
      _OutIter
      num_put<_CharT, _OutIter>::
      _M_insert_float(_OutIter __s, ios_base& __io, _CharT __fill, char __mod,
                       _ValueT __v) const
      {
        typedef typename numpunct<_CharT>::__cache_type __cache_type;
        __use_cache<__cache_type> __uc;
        const locale& __loc = __io._M_getloc();
        const __cache_type* __lc = __uc(__loc);

        // Note: digits10 is rounded down: add 1 to ensure the maximum
        // available precision.  Then, in general, one more 1 needs to
        // be added since, when the %{g,G} conversion specifiers are
        // chosen inside _S_format_float, the precision field is "the
        // maximum number of significant digits", *not* the "number of
        // digits to appear after the decimal point", as happens for
        // %{e,E,f,F} (C99, 7.19.6.1,4).
        const int __max_digits = numeric_limits<_ValueT>::digits10 + 2;

        // Use default precision if out of range.
        streamsize __prec = __io.precision();
        if (__prec > static_cast<streamsize>(__max_digits))
          __prec = static_cast<streamsize>(__max_digits);
        else if (__prec < static_cast<streamsize>(0))
          __prec = static_cast<streamsize>(6);

        // [22.2.2.2.2] Stage 1, numeric conversion to character.
        int __len;
        // Long enough for the max format spec.
        char __fbuf[16];

#ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_C99
        // First try a buffer perhaps big enough (for sure sufficient
        // for non-ios_base::fixed outputs)
        int __cs_size = __max_digits * 3;
        char* __cs = static_cast<char*>(__builtin_alloca(__cs_size));

        _S_format_float(__io, __fbuf, __mod);
        __len = std::__convert_from_v(__cs, __cs_size, __fbuf, __v,
                                      _S_get_c_locale(), __prec);

        // If the buffer was not large enough, try again with the correct size.
        if (__len >= __cs_size)
          {
            __cs_size = __len + 1;
            __cs = static_cast<char*>(__builtin_alloca(__cs_size));
            __len = std::__convert_from_v(__cs, __cs_size, __fbuf, __v,
                                          _S_get_c_locale(), __prec);
          }
#else
        // Consider the possibility of long ios_base::fixed outputs
        const bool __fixed = __io.flags() & ios_base::fixed;
        const int __max_exp = numeric_limits<_ValueT>::max_exponent10;

        // The size of the output string is computed as follows.
        // ios_base::fixed outputs may need up to __max_exp+1 chars
        // for the integer part + up to __max_digits chars for the
        // fractional part + 3 chars for sign, decimal point, '\0'. On
        // the other hand, for non-fixed outputs __max_digits*3 chars
        // are largely sufficient.
        const int __cs_size = __fixed ? __max_exp + __max_digits + 4
                                      : __max_digits * 3;
        char* __cs = static_cast<char*>(__builtin_alloca(__cs_size));

        _S_format_float(__io, __fbuf, __mod);
        __len = std::__convert_from_v(__cs, 0, __fbuf, __v,
                                      _S_get_c_locale(), __prec);
#endif

      // [22.2.2.2.2] Stage 2, convert to char_type, using correct
      // numpunct.decimal_point() values for '.' and adding grouping.
      const ctype<_CharT>& __ctype = use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc);

      _CharT* __ws = static_cast<_CharT*>(__builtin_alloca(sizeof(_CharT)
                                                           * __len));
      __ctype.widen(__cs, __cs + __len, __ws);

      // Replace decimal point.
      const _CharT __cdec = __ctype.widen('.');
      const _CharT __dec = __lc->_M_decimal_point;
      const _CharT* __p;
      if (__p = char_traits<_CharT>::find(__ws, __len, __cdec))
        __ws[__p - __ws] = __dec;

      // Add grouping, if necessary.
      if (__lc->_M_use_grouping)
        {
          // Grouping can add (almost) as many separators as the
          // number of digits, but no more.
          _CharT* __ws2 = static_cast<_CharT*>(__builtin_alloca(sizeof(_CharT)
                                                                * __len * 2));
          _M_group_float(__lc->_M_grouping, __lc->_M_grouping_size,
                         __lc->_M_thousands_sep, __p, __ws2, __ws, __len);
          __ws = __ws2;
        }

      // Pad.
      const streamsize __w = __io.width();
      if (__w > static_cast<streamsize>(__len))
        {
          _CharT* __ws3 = static_cast<_CharT*>(__builtin_alloca(sizeof(_CharT)
                                                                * __w));
          _M_pad(__fill, __w, __io, __ws3, __ws, __len);
          __ws = __ws3;
        }
      __io.width(0);

      // [22.2.2.2.2] Stage 4.
      // Write resulting, fully-formatted string to output iterator.
      return std::__write(__s, __ws, __len);
      }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
    _OutIter
    num_put<_CharT, _OutIter>::
    do_put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __io, char_type __fill, bool __v) const
    {
      const ios_base::fmtflags __flags = __io.flags();
      if ((__flags & ios_base::boolalpha) == 0)
        {
          unsigned long __uv = __v;
          __s = _M_insert_int(__s, __io, __fill, __uv);
        }
      else
        {
          typedef typename numpunct<_CharT>::__cache_type __cache_type;
          __use_cache<__cache_type> __uc;
          const locale& __loc = __io._M_getloc();
          const __cache_type* __lc = __uc(__loc);

          const _CharT* __name = __v ? __lc->_M_truename
                                     : __lc->_M_falsename;
          int __len = __v ? __lc->_M_truename_size
                          : __lc->_M_falsename_size;

          const streamsize __w = __io.width();
          if (__w > static_cast<streamsize>(__len))
            {
              _CharT* __cs = static_cast<_CharT*>(__builtin_alloca(sizeof(_CharT)
                                                                   * __w));
              _M_pad(__fill, __w, __io, __cs, __name, __len);
              __name = __cs;
            }
          __io.width(0);
          __s = std::__write(__s, __name, __len);
        }
      return __s;
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
    _OutIter
    num_put<_CharT, _OutIter>::
    do_put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __io, char_type __fill, long __v) const
    { return _M_insert_int(__s, __io, __fill, __v); }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
    _OutIter
    num_put<_CharT, _OutIter>::
    do_put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __io, char_type __fill,
           unsigned long __v) const
    { return _M_insert_int(__s, __io, __fill, __v); }

#ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_LONG_LONG
  template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
    _OutIter
    num_put<_CharT, _OutIter>::
    do_put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __b, char_type __fill, long long __v) const
    { return _M_insert_int(__s, __b, __fill, __v); }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
    _OutIter
    num_put<_CharT, _OutIter>::
    do_put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __io, char_type __fill,
           unsigned long long __v) const
    { return _M_insert_int(__s, __io, __fill, __v); }
#endif

  template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
    _OutIter
    num_put<_CharT, _OutIter>::
    do_put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __io, char_type __fill, double __v) const
    { return _M_insert_float(__s, __io, __fill, char(), __v); }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
    _OutIter
    num_put<_CharT, _OutIter>::
    do_put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __io, char_type __fill,
           long double __v) const
    { return _M_insert_float(__s, __io, __fill, 'L', __v); }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
    _OutIter
    num_put<_CharT, _OutIter>::
    do_put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __io, char_type __fill,
           const void* __v) const
    {
      const ios_base::fmtflags __flags = __io.flags();
      const ios_base::fmtflags __fmt = ~(ios_base::showpos | ios_base::basefield
                                         | ios_base::uppercase | ios_base::internal);
      __io.flags(__flags & __fmt | (ios_base::hex | ios_base::showbase));

      __s = _M_insert_int(__s, __io, __fill,
                          reinterpret_cast<unsigned long>(__v));
      __io.flags(__flags);
      return __s;
    }

  template<typename _CharT, bool _Intl>
    struct __use_cache<__moneypunct_cache<_CharT, _Intl> >
    {
      const __moneypunct_cache<_CharT, _Intl>*
      operator() (const locale& __loc) const
      {
        const size_t __i = moneypunct<_CharT, _Intl>::id._M_id();
        const locale::facet** __caches = __loc._M_impl->_M_caches;
        if (!__caches[__i])
          {
            __moneypunct_cache<_CharT, _Intl>* __tmp = NULL;
            try
              {
                __tmp = new __moneypunct_cache<_CharT, _Intl>;
                __tmp->_M_cache(__loc);
              }
            catch(...)
              {
                delete __tmp;
                __throw_exception_again;
              }
            __loc._M_impl->_M_install_cache(__tmp, __i);
          }
        return static_cast<
          const __moneypunct_cache<_CharT, _Intl>*>(__caches[__i]);
      }
    };

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    template<bool _Intl>
      _InIter
      money_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
      _M_extract(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
                 ios_base::iostate& __err, string_type& __units) const
      {
        typedef typename string_type::size_type           size_type;    
        typedef money_base::part                          part;
        typedef moneypunct<_CharT, _Intl>                 __moneypunct_type;
        typedef typename __moneypunct_type::__cache_type  __cache_type;
        
        const locale& __loc = __io._M_getloc();
        const ctype<_CharT>& __ctype = use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc);

        __use_cache<__cache_type> __uc;
        const __cache_type* __lc = __uc(__loc);
        const char_type* __lit = __lc->_M_atoms;

        const money_base::pattern __p = __lc->_M_neg_format;

        // Deduced sign.
        bool __negative = false;
        // True for more than one character long sign.
        bool __long_sign = false;
        // String of grouping info from thousands_sep plucked from __units.
        string __grouping_tmp;
        // Marker for thousands_sep position.
        int __sep_pos = 0;
        // If input iterator is in a valid state.
        bool __testvalid = true;
        // Flag marking when a decimal point is found.
        bool __testdecfound = false;

        // The tentative returned string is stored here.
        string_type __res;
        __res.reserve(20);

        for (int __i = 0; __beg != __end && __i < 4 && __testvalid; ++__i)
          {
            char_type __c;
            const part __which = static_cast<part>(__p.field[__i]);
            switch (__which)
              {
              case money_base::symbol:
                if (__io.flags() & ios_base::showbase
                    || __i < 2 || __long_sign
                    || ((static_cast<part>(__p.field[3]) != money_base::none)
                        && __i == 2))
                  {
                    // According to 22.2.6.1.2, p2, symbol is required
                    // if (__io.flags() & ios_base::showbase),
                    // otherwise is optional and consumed only if
                    // other characters are needed to complete the
                    // format.
                    const size_type __len = __lc->_M_curr_symbol_size;
                    size_type __j = 0;
                    for (; __beg != __end && __j < __len
                           && *__beg == __lc->_M_curr_symbol[__j];
                         ++__beg, ++__j);
                    // When (__io.flags() & ios_base::showbase)
                    // symbol is required.
                    if (__j != __len && (__io.flags() & ios_base::showbase))
                      __testvalid = false;
                  }
                break;
              case money_base::sign:
                // Sign might not exist, or be more than one character long.
                if (__lc->_M_positive_sign_size
                    && *__beg == __lc->_M_positive_sign[0])
                  {
                    if (__lc->_M_positive_sign_size > 1)
                      __long_sign = true;
                    ++__beg;
                  }
                else if (__lc->_M_negative_sign_size
                         && *__beg == __lc->_M_negative_sign[0])
                  {
                    __negative = true;
                    if (__lc->_M_negative_sign_size > 1)
                      __long_sign = true;                   
                    ++__beg;
                  }
                else if (__lc->_M_positive_sign_size
                         && !__lc->_M_negative_sign_size)
                  // "... if no sign is detected, the result is given the sign
                  // that corresponds to the source of the empty string"
                  __negative = true;
                else if (__lc->_M_positive_sign_size
                         && __lc->_M_negative_sign_size)
                  {
                    // Sign is mandatory.
                    __testvalid = false;
                  }
                break;
              case money_base::value:
                // Extract digits, remove and stash away the
                // grouping of found thousands separators.
                for (; __beg != __end; ++__beg)
                  if (__ctype.is(ctype_base::digit, __c = *__beg))
                    {
                      __res += __c;
                      ++__sep_pos;
                    }
                  else if (__c == __lc->_M_decimal_point && !__testdecfound)
                    {
                      // If no grouping chars are seen, no grouping check
                      // is applied. Therefore __grouping_tmp is adjusted
                      // only if decimal_point comes after some thousands_sep.
                      if (__grouping_tmp.size())
                        __grouping_tmp += static_cast<char>(__sep_pos);
                      __sep_pos = 0;
                      __testdecfound = true;
                    }
                  else if (__c == __lc->_M_thousands_sep && !__testdecfound)
                    {
                      if (__lc->_M_grouping_size)
                        {
                          // Mark position for later analysis.
                          __grouping_tmp += static_cast<char>(__sep_pos);
                          __sep_pos = 0;
                        }
                      else
                        {
                          __testvalid = false;
                          break;
                        }
                    }
                  else
                    break;
                break;
              case money_base::space:
              case money_base::none:
                // Only if not at the end of the pattern.
                if (__i != 3)
                  for (; __beg != __end
                         && __ctype.is(ctype_base::space, *__beg); ++__beg);
                break;
              }
          }

        // Need to get the rest of the sign characters, if they exist.
        if (__long_sign)
          {
            const char_type* __sign = __negative ? __lc->_M_negative_sign
                                                 : __lc->_M_positive_sign;
            const size_type __len = __negative ? __lc->_M_negative_sign_size
                                               : __lc->_M_positive_sign_size;
            size_type __i = 1;
            for (; __beg != __end && __i < __len
                   && *__beg == __sign[__i]; ++__beg, ++__i);
            
            if (__i != __len)
              __testvalid = false;
          }

        if (__testvalid && __res.size())
          {
            // Strip leading zeros.
            if (__res.size() > 1)
              {
                size_type __first = __res.find_first_not_of(__lit[_S_zero]);
                const bool __only_zeros = __first == string_type::npos;
                if (__first)
                  __res.erase(0, __only_zeros ? __res.size() - 1 : __first);
              }

            // 22.2.6.1.2, p4
            if (__negative && __res[0] != __lit[_S_zero])
              __res.insert(__res.begin(), __lit[_S_minus]);
            
            // Test for grouping fidelity.
            if (__grouping_tmp.size())
              {
                // Add the ending grouping if a decimal wasn't found.
                if (!__testdecfound)
                  __grouping_tmp += static_cast<char>(__sep_pos);
                
                if (!std::__verify_grouping(__lc->_M_grouping,
                                            __lc->_M_grouping_size,
                                            __grouping_tmp))
                  __testvalid = false;
              }
            
            // Iff not enough digits were supplied after the decimal-point.
            if (__testdecfound && __lc->_M_frac_digits > 0
                && __sep_pos != __lc->_M_frac_digits)
              __testvalid = false;
          }
        else
          __testvalid = false;
        
        // Iff no more characters are available.
        if (__beg == __end)
          __err |= ios_base::eofbit;
        
        // Iff valid sequence is not recognized.
        if (!__testvalid)
          __err |= ios_base::failbit;
        else
          __units.assign(__res.data(), __res.size());
        
        return __beg;
      }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    money_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, bool __intl, ios_base& __io,
           ios_base::iostate& __err, long double& __units) const
    {
      string_type __str;
      if (__intl)
        __beg = _M_extract<true>(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __str);
      else
        __beg = _M_extract<false>(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __str);

      const int __cs_size = __str.size() + 1;
      char* __cs = static_cast<char*>(__builtin_alloca(__cs_size));
      const locale __loc = __io.getloc();
      const ctype<_CharT>& __ctype = use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc);
      const _CharT* __wcs = __str.c_str();
      __ctype.narrow(__wcs, __wcs + __cs_size, char(), __cs);
      std::__convert_to_v(__cs, __units, __err, _S_get_c_locale());
      return __beg;
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    money_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, bool __intl, ios_base& __io,
           ios_base::iostate& __err, string_type& __units) const
    { return __intl ? _M_extract<true>(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __units)
                    : _M_extract<false>(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __units); }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
    template<bool _Intl>
      _OutIter
      money_put<_CharT, _OutIter>::
      _M_insert(iter_type __s, ios_base& __io, char_type __fill,
                const string_type& __digits) const
      {
        typedef typename string_type::size_type           size_type;
        typedef money_base::part                          part;
        typedef moneypunct<_CharT, _Intl>                 __moneypunct_type;
        typedef typename __moneypunct_type::__cache_type  __cache_type;
      
        const locale& __loc = __io._M_getloc();
        const ctype<_CharT>& __ctype = use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc);

        __use_cache<__cache_type> __uc;
        const __cache_type* __lc = __uc(__loc);
        const char_type* __lit = __lc->_M_atoms;

        // Determine if negative or positive formats are to be used, and
        // discard leading negative_sign if it is present.
        const char_type* __beg = __digits.data();
        const char_type* __end = __beg + __digits.size();

        money_base::pattern __p;
        const char_type* __sign;
        size_type __sign_size;
        if (*__beg != __lit[_S_minus])
          {
            __p = __lc->_M_pos_format;
            __sign = __lc->_M_positive_sign;
            __sign_size = __lc->_M_positive_sign_size;
          }
        else
          {
            __p = __lc->_M_neg_format;
            __sign = __lc->_M_negative_sign;
            __sign_size = __lc->_M_negative_sign_size;
            ++__beg;
          }
       
        // Look for valid numbers in the ctype facet within input digits.
        __end = __ctype.scan_not(ctype_base::digit, __beg, __end);
        if (__beg != __end)
          {
            // Assume valid input, and attempt to format.
            // Break down input numbers into base components, as follows:
            //   final_value = grouped units + (decimal point) + (digits)
            string_type __value;
            size_type __len = __end - __beg;
            __value.reserve(2 * __len);

            // Add thousands separators to non-decimal digits, per
            // grouping rules.
            const int __paddec = __lc->_M_frac_digits - __len;      
            if (__paddec < 0)
              {
                if (__lc->_M_grouping_size)
                  {
                    _CharT* __ws =
                      static_cast<_CharT*>(__builtin_alloca(sizeof(_CharT)
                                                            * 2 * __len));
                    _CharT* __ws_end =
                      std::__add_grouping(__ws, __lc->_M_thousands_sep,
                                          __lc->_M_grouping,
                                          __lc->_M_grouping_size,
                                          __beg, __end - __lc->_M_frac_digits);
                    __value.assign(__ws, __ws_end - __ws);
                  }
                else
                  __value.assign(__beg, -__paddec);
              }

            // Deal with decimal point, decimal digits.
            if (__lc->_M_frac_digits > 0)
              {
                __value += __lc->_M_decimal_point;
                if (__paddec <= 0)
                  __value.append(__end - __lc->_M_frac_digits,
                                 __lc->_M_frac_digits);
                else
                  {
                    // Have to pad zeros in the decimal position.
                    __value.append(__paddec, __lit[_S_zero]);
                    __value.append(__beg, __len);
                  }
              }
  
            // Calculate length of resulting string.
            const ios_base::fmtflags __f = __io.flags() & ios_base::adjustfield;
            __len = __value.size() + __sign_size;
            __len += ((__io.flags() & ios_base::showbase)
                      ? __lc->_M_curr_symbol_size : 0);

            string_type __res;
            __res.reserve(2 * __len);
            
            const size_type __width = static_cast<size_type>(__io.width());       
            const bool __testipad = (__f == ios_base::internal
                                     && __len < __width);
            // Fit formatted digits into the required pattern.
            for (int __i = 0; __i < 4; ++__i)
              {
                const part __which = static_cast<part>(__p.field[__i]);
                switch (__which)
                  {
                  case money_base::symbol:
                    if (__io.flags() & ios_base::showbase)
                      __res.append(__lc->_M_curr_symbol,
                                   __lc->_M_curr_symbol_size);
                    break;
                  case money_base::sign:
                    // Sign might not exist, or be more than one
                    // charater long. In that case, add in the rest
                    // below.
                    if (__sign_size)
                      __res += __sign[0];
                    break;
                  case money_base::value:
                    __res += __value;
                    break;
                  case money_base::space:
                    // At least one space is required, but if internal
                    // formatting is required, an arbitrary number of
                    // fill spaces will be necessary.
                    if (__testipad)
                      __res.append(__width - __len, __fill);
                    else
                      __res += __fill;
                    break;
                  case money_base::none:
                    if (__testipad)
                      __res.append(__width - __len, __fill);
                    break;
                  }
              }
            
            // Special case of multi-part sign parts.
            if (__sign_size > 1)
              __res.append(__sign + 1, __sign_size - 1);
            
            // Pad, if still necessary.
            __len = __res.size();
            if (__width > __len)
              {
                if (__f == ios_base::left)
                  // After.
                  __res.append(__width - __len, __fill);
                else
                  // Before.
                  __res.insert(0, __width - __len, __fill);
                __len = __width;
              }
            
            // Write resulting, fully-formatted string to output iterator.
            __s = std::__write(__s, __res.data(), __len);
          }
        __io.width(0);
        return __s;    
      }
  
  template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
    _OutIter
    money_put<_CharT, _OutIter>::
    do_put(iter_type __s, bool __intl, ios_base& __io, char_type __fill,
           long double __units) const
    {
      const locale __loc = __io.getloc();
      const ctype<_CharT>& __ctype = use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc);
#ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_C99
      // First try a buffer perhaps big enough.
      int __cs_size = 64;
      char* __cs = static_cast<char*>(__builtin_alloca(__cs_size));
      // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
      // 328. Bad sprintf format modifier in money_put<>::do_put()
      int __len = std::__convert_from_v(__cs, __cs_size, "%.0Lf", __units,
                                        _S_get_c_locale());
      // If the buffer was not large enough, try again with the correct size.
      if (__len >= __cs_size)
        {
          __cs_size = __len + 1;
          __cs = static_cast<char*>(__builtin_alloca(__cs_size));
          __len = std::__convert_from_v(__cs, __cs_size, "%.0Lf", __units,
                                        _S_get_c_locale());
        }
#else
      // max_exponent10 + 1 for the integer part, + 2 for sign and '\0'.
      const int __cs_size = numeric_limits<long double>::max_exponent10 + 3;
      char* __cs = static_cast<char*>(__builtin_alloca(__cs_size));
      int __len = std::__convert_from_v(__cs, 0, "%.0Lf", __units,
                                        _S_get_c_locale());
#endif
      _CharT* __ws = static_cast<_CharT*>(__builtin_alloca(sizeof(_CharT)
                                                           * __cs_size));
      __ctype.widen(__cs, __cs + __len, __ws);
      const string_type __digits(__ws, __len);
      return __intl ? _M_insert<true>(__s, __io, __fill, __digits)
                    : _M_insert<false>(__s, __io, __fill, __digits);
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
    _OutIter
    money_put<_CharT, _OutIter>::
    do_put(iter_type __s, bool __intl, ios_base& __io, char_type __fill,
           const string_type& __digits) const
    { return __intl ? _M_insert<true>(__s, __io, __fill, __digits)
                    : _M_insert<false>(__s, __io, __fill, __digits); }

  // NB: Not especially useful. Without an ios_base object or some
  // kind of locale reference, we are left clawing at the air where
  // the side of the mountain used to be...
  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    time_base::dateorder
    time_get<_CharT, _InIter>::do_date_order() const
    { return time_base::no_order; }

  // Recursively expand a strftime format string and parse it.  Starts w/ %x
  // and %X from do_get_time() and do_get_date(), which translate to a more
  // specific string, which may contain yet more strings.  I.e. %x => %r =>
  // %H:%M:%S => extracted characters.
  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    void
    time_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    _M_extract_via_format(iter_type& __beg, iter_type& __end, ios_base& __io,
                          ios_base::iostate& __err, tm* __tm,
                          const _CharT* __format) const
    {
      const locale __loc = __io.getloc();
      const __timepunct<_CharT>& __tp = use_facet<__timepunct<_CharT> >(__loc);
      const ctype<_CharT>& __ctype = use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc);
      const size_t __len = char_traits<_CharT>::length(__format);

      for (size_t __i = 0; __beg != __end && __i < __len && !__err; ++__i)
        {
          if (__ctype.narrow(__format[__i], 0) == '%')
            {
              // Verify valid formatting code, attempt to extract.
              char __c = __ctype.narrow(__format[++__i], 0);
              int __mem = 0;
              if (__c == 'E' || __c == 'O')
                __c = __ctype.narrow(__format[++__i], 0);
              switch (__c)
                {
                  const char* __cs;
                  _CharT __wcs[10];
                case 'a':
                  // Abbreviated weekday name [tm_wday]
                  const char_type*  __days1[7];
                  __tp._M_days_abbreviated(__days1);
                  _M_extract_name(__beg, __end, __tm->tm_wday, __days1, 7,
                                  __ctype, __err);
                  break;
                case 'A':
                  // Weekday name [tm_wday].
                  const char_type*  __days2[7];
                  __tp._M_days(__days2);
                  _M_extract_name(__beg, __end, __tm->tm_wday, __days2, 7,
                                  __ctype, __err);
                  break;
                case 'h':
                case 'b':
                  // Abbreviated month name [tm_mon]
                  const char_type*  __months1[12];
                  __tp._M_months_abbreviated(__months1);
                  _M_extract_name(__beg, __end, __tm->tm_mon, __months1, 12,
                                  __ctype, __err);
                  break;
                case 'B':
                  // Month name [tm_mon].
                  const char_type*  __months2[12];
                  __tp._M_months(__months2);
                  _M_extract_name(__beg, __end, __tm->tm_mon, __months2, 12,
                                  __ctype, __err);
                  break;
                case 'c':
                  // Default time and date representation.
                  const char_type*  __dt[2];
                  __tp._M_date_time_formats(__dt);
                  _M_extract_via_format(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __tm,
                                        __dt[0]);
                  break;
                case 'd':
                  // Day [01, 31]. [tm_mday]
                  _M_extract_num(__beg, __end, __tm->tm_mday, 1, 31, 2,
                                 __ctype, __err);
                  break;
                case 'e':
                  // Day [1, 31], with single digits preceded by
                  // space. [tm_mday]
                  if (__ctype.is(ctype_base::space, *__beg))
                    _M_extract_num(++__beg, __end, __tm->tm_mday, 1, 9, 1,
                                   __ctype, __err);
                  else
                    _M_extract_num(__beg, __end, __tm->tm_mday, 10, 31, 2,
                                   __ctype, __err);
                  break;
                case 'D':
                  // Equivalent to %m/%d/%y.[tm_mon, tm_mday, tm_year]
                  __cs = "%m/%d/%y";
                  __ctype.widen(__cs, __cs + 9, __wcs);
                  _M_extract_via_format(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __tm,
                                        __wcs);
                  break;
                case 'H':
                  // Hour [00, 23]. [tm_hour]
                  _M_extract_num(__beg, __end, __tm->tm_hour, 0, 23, 2,
                                 __ctype, __err);
                  break;
                case 'I':
                  // Hour [01, 12]. [tm_hour]
                  _M_extract_num(__beg, __end, __tm->tm_hour, 1, 12, 2,
                                 __ctype, __err);
                  break;
                case 'm':
                  // Month [01, 12]. [tm_mon]
                  _M_extract_num(__beg, __end, __mem, 1, 12, 2, __ctype,
                                 __err);
                  if (!__err)
                    __tm->tm_mon = __mem - 1;
                  break;
                case 'M':
                  // Minute [00, 59]. [tm_min]
                  _M_extract_num(__beg, __end, __tm->tm_min, 0, 59, 2,
                                 __ctype, __err);
                  break;
                case 'n':
                  if (__ctype.narrow(*__beg, 0) == '\n')
                    ++__beg;
                  else
                    __err |= ios_base::failbit;
                  break;
                case 'R':
                  // Equivalent to (%H:%M).
                  __cs = "%H:%M";
                  __ctype.widen(__cs, __cs + 6, __wcs);
                  _M_extract_via_format(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __tm,
                                        __wcs);
                  break;
                case 'S':
                  // Seconds.
                  _M_extract_num(__beg, __end, __tm->tm_sec, 0, 59, 2,
                                 __ctype, __err);
                  break;
                case 't':
                  if (__ctype.narrow(*__beg, 0) == '\t')
                    ++__beg;
                  else
                    __err |= ios_base::failbit;
                  break;
                case 'T':
                  // Equivalent to (%H:%M:%S).
                  __cs = "%H:%M:%S";
                  __ctype.widen(__cs, __cs + 9, __wcs);
                  _M_extract_via_format(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __tm,
                                        __wcs);
                  break;
                case 'x':
                  // Locale's date.
                  const char_type*  __dates[2];
                  __tp._M_date_formats(__dates);
                  _M_extract_via_format(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __tm,
                                        __dates[0]);
                  break;
                case 'X':
                  // Locale's time.
                  const char_type*  __times[2];
                  __tp._M_time_formats(__times);
                  _M_extract_via_format(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __tm,
                                        __times[0]);
                  break;
                case 'y':
                case 'C': // C99
                  // Two digit year. [tm_year]
                  _M_extract_num(__beg, __end, __tm->tm_year, 0, 99, 2,
                                 __ctype, __err);
                  break;
                case 'Y':
                  // Year [1900). [tm_year]
                  _M_extract_num(__beg, __end, __mem, 0, 9999, 4,
                                 __ctype, __err);
                  if (!__err)
                    __tm->tm_year = __mem - 1900;
                  break;
                case 'Z':
                  // Timezone info.
                  if (__ctype.is(ctype_base::upper, *__beg))
                    {
                      int __tmp;
                      _M_extract_name(__beg, __end, __tmp,
                                      __timepunct_cache<_CharT>::_S_timezones,
                                      14, __ctype, __err);

                      // GMT requires special effort.
                      if (__beg != __end && !__err && __tmp == 0
                          && (*__beg == __ctype.widen('-')
                              || *__beg == __ctype.widen('+')))
                        {
                          _M_extract_num(__beg, __end, __tmp, 0, 23, 2,
                                          __ctype, __err);
                          _M_extract_num(__beg, __end, __tmp, 0, 59, 2,
                                          __ctype, __err);
                        }
                    }
                  else
                    __err |= ios_base::failbit;
                  break;
                default:
                  // Not recognized.
                  __err |= ios_base::failbit;
                }
            }
          else
            {
              // Verify format and input match, extract and discard.
              if (__format[__i] == *__beg)
                ++__beg;
              else
                __err |= ios_base::failbit;
            }
        }
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    void
    time_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    _M_extract_num(iter_type& __beg, iter_type& __end, int& __member,
                   int __min, int __max, size_t __len,
                   const ctype<_CharT>& __ctype,
                   ios_base::iostate& __err) const
    {
      // As-is works for __len = 1, 2, 4, the values actually used.
      int __mult = __len == 2 ? 10 : (__len == 4 ? 1000 : 1);

      ++__min;
      size_t __i = 0;
      int __value = 0;
      for (; __beg != __end && __i < __len; ++__beg, ++__i)
        {
          const char __c = __ctype.narrow(*__beg, '*');
          if (__c >= '0' && __c <= '9')
            {
              __value = __value * 10 + (__c - '0');
              const int __valuec = __value * __mult;
              if (__valuec > __max || __valuec + __mult < __min)
                break;
              __mult /= 10;
            }
          else
            break;
        }
      if (__i == __len)
        __member = __value;
      else
        __err |= ios_base::failbit;
    }

  // Assumptions:
  // All elements in __names are unique.
  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    void
    time_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    _M_extract_name(iter_type& __beg, iter_type& __end, int& __member,
                    const _CharT** __names, size_t __indexlen,
                    const ctype<_CharT>& __ctype,
                    ios_base::iostate& __err) const
    {
      typedef char_traits<_CharT>               __traits_type;
      int* __matches = static_cast<int*>(__builtin_alloca(sizeof(int)
                                                          * __indexlen));
      size_t __nmatches = 0;
      size_t __pos = 0;
      bool __testvalid = true;
      const char_type* __name;

      // Look for initial matches.
      // NB: Some of the locale data is in the form of all lowercase
      // names, and some is in the form of initially-capitalized
      // names. Look for both.
      if (__beg != __end)
        {
          const char_type __c = *__beg;
          for (size_t __i1 = 0; __i1 < __indexlen; ++__i1)
            if (__c == __names[__i1][0]
                || __c == __ctype.toupper(__names[__i1][0]))
              __matches[__nmatches++] = __i1;
        }

      while (__nmatches > 1)
        {
          // Find smallest matching string.
          size_t __minlen = 10;
          for (size_t __i2 = 0; __i2 < __nmatches; ++__i2)
            __minlen = std::min(__minlen,
                                __traits_type::length(__names[__matches[__i2]]));
          ++__beg;
          if (__pos < __minlen && __beg != __end)
            {
              ++__pos;
              for (size_t __i3 = 0; __i3 < __nmatches; ++__i3)
                {
                  __name = __names[__matches[__i3]];
                  if (__name[__pos] != *__beg)
                    __matches[__i3] = __matches[--__nmatches];
                }
            }
          else
            break;
        }

      if (__nmatches == 1)
        {
          // If there was only one match, the first compare is redundant.
          if (__pos == 0)
            {
              ++__pos;
              ++__beg;
            }

          // Make sure found name is completely extracted.
          __name = __names[__matches[0]];
          const size_t __len = __traits_type::length(__name);
          while (__pos < __len && __beg != __end && __name[__pos] == *__beg)
            ++__beg, ++__pos;

          if (__len == __pos)
            __member = __matches[0];
          else
            __testvalid = false;
        }
      else
        __testvalid = false;
      if (!__testvalid)
        __err |= ios_base::failbit;
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    time_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get_time(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
                ios_base::iostate& __err, tm* __tm) const
    {
      _CharT __wcs[3];
      const char* __cs = "%X";
      const locale __loc = __io.getloc();
      ctype<_CharT> const& __ctype = use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc);
      __ctype.widen(__cs, __cs + 3, __wcs);
      _M_extract_via_format(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __tm, __wcs);
      if (__beg == __end)
        __err |= ios_base::eofbit;
      return __beg;
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    time_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get_date(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
                ios_base::iostate& __err, tm* __tm) const
    {
      _CharT __wcs[3];
      const char* __cs = "%x";
      const locale __loc = __io.getloc();
      ctype<_CharT> const& __ctype = use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc);
      __ctype.widen(__cs, __cs + 3, __wcs);
      _M_extract_via_format(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __tm, __wcs);
      if (__beg == __end)
        __err |= ios_base::eofbit;
      return __beg;
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    time_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get_weekday(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
                   ios_base::iostate& __err, tm* __tm) const
    {
      typedef char_traits<_CharT>               __traits_type;
      const locale __loc = __io.getloc();
      const __timepunct<_CharT>& __tp = use_facet<__timepunct<_CharT> >(__loc);
      const ctype<_CharT>& __ctype = use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc);
      const char_type*  __days[7];
      __tp._M_days_abbreviated(__days);
      int __tmpwday;
      _M_extract_name(__beg, __end, __tmpwday, __days, 7, __ctype, __err);

      // Check to see if non-abbreviated name exists, and extract.
      // NB: Assumes both _M_days and _M_days_abbreviated organized in
      // exact same order, first to last, such that the resulting
      // __days array with the same index points to a day, and that
      // day's abbreviated form.
      // NB: Also assumes that an abbreviated name is a subset of the name.
      if (!__err)
        {
          size_t __pos = __traits_type::length(__days[__tmpwday]);
          __tp._M_days(__days);
          const char_type* __name = __days[__tmpwday];
          if (__name[__pos] == *__beg)
            {
              // Extract the rest of it.
              const size_t __len = __traits_type::length(__name);
              while (__pos < __len && __beg != __end
                     && __name[__pos] == *__beg)
                ++__beg, ++__pos;
              if (__len != __pos)
                __err |= ios_base::failbit;
            }
          if (!__err)
            __tm->tm_wday = __tmpwday;
        }
      if (__beg == __end)
        __err |= ios_base::eofbit;
      return __beg;
     }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    time_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get_monthname(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end,
                     ios_base& __io, ios_base::iostate& __err, tm* __tm) const
    {
      typedef char_traits<_CharT>               __traits_type;
      const locale __loc = __io.getloc();
      const __timepunct<_CharT>& __tp = use_facet<__timepunct<_CharT> >(__loc);
      const ctype<_CharT>& __ctype = use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc);
      const char_type*  __months[12];
      __tp._M_months_abbreviated(__months);
      int __tmpmon;
      _M_extract_name(__beg, __end, __tmpmon, __months, 12, __ctype, __err);

      // Check to see if non-abbreviated name exists, and extract.
      // NB: Assumes both _M_months and _M_months_abbreviated organized in
      // exact same order, first to last, such that the resulting
      // __months array with the same index points to a month, and that
      // month's abbreviated form.
      // NB: Also assumes that an abbreviated name is a subset of the name.
      if (!__err)
        {
          size_t __pos = __traits_type::length(__months[__tmpmon]);
          __tp._M_months(__months);
          const char_type* __name = __months[__tmpmon];
          if (__name[__pos] == *__beg)
            {
              // Extract the rest of it.
              const size_t __len = __traits_type::length(__name);
              while (__pos < __len && __beg != __end
                     && __name[__pos] == *__beg)
                ++__beg, ++__pos;
              if (__len != __pos)
                __err |= ios_base::failbit;
            }
          if (!__err)
            __tm->tm_mon = __tmpmon;
        }

      if (__beg == __end)
        __err |= ios_base::eofbit;
      return __beg;
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    time_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get_year(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
                ios_base::iostate& __err, tm* __tm) const
    {
      const locale __loc = __io.getloc();
      const ctype<_CharT>& __ctype = use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc);

      size_t __i = 0;
      int __value = 0;
      for (; __beg != __end && __i < 4; ++__beg, ++__i)
        {
          const char __c = __ctype.narrow(*__beg, '*');
          if (__c >= '0' && __c <= '9')
            __value = __value * 10 + (__c - '0');
          else
            break;
        }
      if (__i == 2 || __i == 4)
        __tm->tm_year = __i == 2 ? __value : __value - 1900;
      else
        __err |= ios_base::failbit;
      if (__beg == __end)
        __err |= ios_base::eofbit;
      return __beg;
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
    _OutIter
    time_put<_CharT, _OutIter>::
    put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __io, char_type __fill, const tm* __tm,
        const _CharT* __beg, const _CharT* __end) const
    {
      const locale __loc = __io.getloc();
      ctype<_CharT> const& __ctype = use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc);
      for (; __beg != __end; ++__beg)
        if (__ctype.narrow(*__beg, 0) != '%')
          {
            *__s = *__beg;
            ++__s;
          }
        else if (++__beg != __end)
          {
            char __format;
            char __mod = 0;
            const char __c = __ctype.narrow(*__beg, 0);
            if (__c != 'E' && __c != 'O')
              __format = __c;
            else if (++__beg != __end)
              {
                __mod = __c;
                __format = __ctype.narrow(*__beg, 0);
              }
            else
              break;
            __s = this->do_put(__s, __io, __fill, __tm,
                               __format, __mod);
          }
        else
          break;
      return __s;
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
    _OutIter
    time_put<_CharT, _OutIter>::
    do_put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __io, char_type, const tm* __tm,
           char __format, char __mod) const
    {
      const locale __loc = __io.getloc();
      ctype<_CharT> const& __ctype = use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc);
      __timepunct<_CharT> const& __tp = use_facet<__timepunct<_CharT> >(__loc);

      // NB: This size is arbitrary. Should this be a data member,
      // initialized at construction?
      const size_t __maxlen = 64;
      char_type* __res = static_cast<char_type*>(__builtin_alloca(sizeof(char_type)
                                                                  * __maxlen));

      // NB: In IEE 1003.1-200x, and perhaps other locale models, it
      // is possible that the format character will be longer than one
      // character. Possibilities include 'E' or 'O' followed by a
      // format character: if __mod is not the default argument, assume
      // it's a valid modifier.
      char_type __fmt[4];
      __fmt[0] = __ctype.widen('%');
      if (!__mod)
        {
          __fmt[1] = __format;
          __fmt[2] = char_type();
        }
      else
        {
          __fmt[1] = __mod;
          __fmt[2] = __format;
          __fmt[3] = char_type();
        }

      __tp._M_put(__res, __maxlen, __fmt, __tm);

      // Write resulting, fully-formatted string to output iterator.
      return std::__write(__s, __res, char_traits<char_type>::length(__res));
    }


  // Generic version does nothing.
  template<typename _CharT>
    int
    collate<_CharT>::_M_compare(const _CharT*, const _CharT*) const
    { return 0; }

  // Generic version does nothing.
  template<typename _CharT>
    size_t
    collate<_CharT>::_M_transform(_CharT*, const _CharT*, size_t) const
    { return 0; }

  template<typename _CharT>
    int
    collate<_CharT>::
    do_compare(const _CharT* __lo1, const _CharT* __hi1,
               const _CharT* __lo2, const _CharT* __hi2) const
    {
      // strcoll assumes zero-terminated strings so we make a copy
      // and then put a zero at the end.
      const string_type __one(__lo1, __hi1);
      const string_type __two(__lo2, __hi2);

      const _CharT* __p = __one.c_str();
      const _CharT* __pend = __one.data() + __one.length();
      const _CharT* __q = __two.c_str();
      const _CharT* __qend = __two.data() + __two.length();

      // strcoll stops when it sees a nul character so we break
      // the strings into zero-terminated substrings and pass those
      // to strcoll.
      for (;;)
        {
          const int __res = _M_compare(__p, __q);
          if (__res)
            return __res;

          __p += char_traits<_CharT>::length(__p);
          __q += char_traits<_CharT>::length(__q);
          if (__p == __pend && __q == __qend)
            return 0;
          else if (__p == __pend)
            return -1;
          else if (__q == __qend)
            return 1;

          __p++;
          __q++;
        }
    }

  template<typename _CharT>
    typename collate<_CharT>::string_type
    collate<_CharT>::
    do_transform(const _CharT* __lo, const _CharT* __hi) const
    {
      // strxfrm assumes zero-terminated strings so we make a copy
      string_type __str(__lo, __hi);

      const _CharT* __p = __str.c_str();
      const _CharT* __pend = __str.data() + __str.length();

      size_t __len = (__hi - __lo) * 2;

      string_type __ret;

      // strxfrm stops when it sees a nul character so we break
      // the string into zero-terminated substrings and pass those
      // to strxfrm.
      for (;;)
        {
          // First try a buffer perhaps big enough.
          _CharT* __c =
            static_cast<_CharT*>(__builtin_alloca(sizeof(_CharT) * __len));
          size_t __res = _M_transform(__c, __p, __len);
          // If the buffer was not large enough, try again with the
          // correct size.
          if (__res >= __len)
            {
              __len = __res + 1;
              __c = static_cast<_CharT*>(__builtin_alloca(sizeof(_CharT)
                                                          * __len));
              __res = _M_transform(__c, __p, __res + 1);
            }

          __ret.append(__c, __res);
          __p += char_traits<_CharT>::length(__p);
          if (__p == __pend)
            return __ret;

          __p++;
          __ret.push_back(_CharT());
        }
    }

  template<typename _CharT>
    long
    collate<_CharT>::
    do_hash(const _CharT* __lo, const _CharT* __hi) const
    {
      unsigned long __val = 0;
      for (; __lo < __hi; ++__lo)
        __val = *__lo + ((__val << 7) |
                       (__val >> (numeric_limits<unsigned long>::digits - 7)));
      return static_cast<long>(__val);
    }

  // Construct correctly padded string, as per 22.2.2.2.2
  // Assumes
  // __newlen > __oldlen
  // __news is allocated for __newlen size
  // Used by both num_put and ostream inserters: if __num,
  // internal-adjusted objects are padded according to the rules below
  // concerning 0[xX] and +-, otherwise, exactly as right-adjusted
  // ones are.

  // NB: Of the two parameters, _CharT can be deduced from the
  // function arguments. The other (_Traits) has to be explicitly specified.
  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits>
    void
    __pad<_CharT, _Traits>::_S_pad(ios_base& __io, _CharT __fill,
                                   _CharT* __news, const _CharT* __olds,
                                   const streamsize __newlen,
                                   const streamsize __oldlen, const bool __num)
    {
      const size_t __plen = static_cast<size_t>(__newlen - __oldlen);
      const ios_base::fmtflags __adjust = __io.flags() & ios_base::adjustfield;

      // Padding last.
      if (__adjust == ios_base::left)
        {
          _Traits::copy(__news, const_cast<_CharT*>(__olds), __oldlen);
          _Traits::assign(__news + __oldlen, __plen, __fill);
          return;
        }

      size_t __mod = 0;
      if (__adjust == ios_base::internal && __num)
        {
          // Pad after the sign, if there is one.
          // Pad after 0[xX], if there is one.
          // Who came up with these rules, anyway? Jeeze.
          const locale& __loc = __io._M_getloc();
          const ctype<_CharT>& __ctype = use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc);

          const bool __testsign = _Traits::eq(__ctype.widen('-'), __olds[0])
                                  || _Traits::eq(__ctype.widen('+'), __olds[0]);
          const bool __testhex = (_Traits::eq(__ctype.widen('0'), __olds[0])
                                  && __oldlen > 1
                                  && (_Traits::eq(__ctype.widen('x'), __olds[1])
                                      || _Traits::eq(__ctype.widen('X'),
                                                     __olds[1])));
          if (__testhex)
            {
              __news[0] = __olds[0];
              __news[1] = __olds[1];
              __mod = 2;
              __news += 2;
            }
          else if (__testsign)
            {
              __news[0] = __olds[0];
              __mod = 1;
              ++__news;
            }
          // else Padding first.
        }
      _Traits::assign(__news, __plen, __fill);
      _Traits::copy(__news + __plen, const_cast<_CharT*>(__olds + __mod),
                    __oldlen - __mod);
    }

  bool
  __verify_grouping(const char* __grouping, size_t __grouping_size,
                    const string& __grouping_tmp)
  {
    const size_t __n = __grouping_tmp.size() - 1;
    const size_t __min = std::min(__n, __grouping_size - 1);
    size_t __i = __n;
    bool __test = true;
    
    // Parsed number groupings have to match the
    // numpunct::grouping string exactly, starting at the
    // right-most point of the parsed sequence of elements ...
    for (size_t __j = 0; __j < __min && __test; --__i, ++__j)
      __test = __grouping_tmp[__i] == __grouping[__j];
    for (; __i && __test; --__i)
      __test = __grouping_tmp[__i] == __grouping[__min];
    // ... but the last parsed grouping can be <= numpunct
    // grouping.
    __test &= __grouping_tmp[0] <= __grouping[__min];
    return __test;
  }

  template<typename _CharT>
    _CharT*
    __add_grouping(_CharT* __s, _CharT __sep,
                   const char* __gbeg, size_t __gsize,
                   const _CharT* __first, const _CharT* __last)
    {
      if (__last - __first > *__gbeg)
        {
          const bool __bump = __gsize != 1;
          __s = std::__add_grouping(__s,  __sep, __gbeg + __bump,
                                    __gsize - __bump, __first,
                                    __last - *__gbeg);
          __first = __last - *__gbeg;
          *__s++ = __sep;
        }
      do
        *__s++ = *__first++;
      while (__first != __last);
      return __s;
    }

  // Inhibit implicit instantiations for required instantiations,
  // which are defined via explicit instantiations elsewhere.
  // NB: This syntax is a GNU extension.
#if _GLIBCXX_EXTERN_TEMPLATE
  extern template class moneypunct<char, false>;
  extern template class moneypunct<char, true>;
  extern template class moneypunct_byname<char, false>;
  extern template class moneypunct_byname<char, true>;
  extern template class money_get<char>;
  extern template class money_put<char>;
  extern template class numpunct<char>;
  extern template class numpunct_byname<char>;
  extern template class num_get<char>;
  extern template class num_put<char>;
  extern template class __timepunct<char>;
  extern template class time_put<char>;
  extern template class time_put_byname<char>;
  extern template class time_get<char>;
  extern template class time_get_byname<char>;
  extern template class messages<char>;
  extern template class messages_byname<char>;
  extern template class ctype_byname<char>;
  extern template class codecvt_byname<char, char, mbstate_t>;
  extern template class collate<char>;
  extern template class collate_byname<char>;

  extern template
    const codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>&
    use_facet<codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    const collate<char>&
    use_facet<collate<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    const numpunct<char>&
    use_facet<numpunct<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    const num_put<char>&
    use_facet<num_put<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    const num_get<char>&
    use_facet<num_get<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    const moneypunct<char, true>&
    use_facet<moneypunct<char, true> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    const moneypunct<char, false>&
    use_facet<moneypunct<char, false> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    const money_put<char>&
    use_facet<money_put<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    const money_get<char>&
    use_facet<money_get<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    const __timepunct<char>&
    use_facet<__timepunct<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    const time_put<char>&
    use_facet<time_put<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    const time_get<char>&
    use_facet<time_get<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    const messages<char>&
    use_facet<messages<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    bool
    has_facet<ctype<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    bool
    has_facet<codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    bool
    has_facet<collate<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    bool
    has_facet<numpunct<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    bool
    has_facet<num_put<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    bool
    has_facet<num_get<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    bool
    has_facet<moneypunct<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    bool
    has_facet<money_put<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    bool
    has_facet<money_get<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    bool
    has_facet<__timepunct<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    bool
    has_facet<time_put<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    bool
    has_facet<time_get<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    bool
    has_facet<messages<char> >(const locale&);

#ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
  extern template class moneypunct<wchar_t, false>;
  extern template class moneypunct<wchar_t, true>;
  extern template class moneypunct_byname<wchar_t, false>;
  extern template class moneypunct_byname<wchar_t, true>;
  extern template class money_get<wchar_t>;
  extern template class money_put<wchar_t>;
  extern template class numpunct<wchar_t>;
  extern template class numpunct_byname<wchar_t>;
  extern template class num_get<wchar_t>;
  extern template class num_put<wchar_t>;
  extern template class __timepunct<wchar_t>;
  extern template class time_put<wchar_t>;
  extern template class time_put_byname<wchar_t>;
  extern template class time_get<wchar_t>;
  extern template class time_get_byname<wchar_t>;
  extern template class messages<wchar_t>;
  extern template class messages_byname<wchar_t>;
  extern template class ctype_byname<wchar_t>;
  extern template class codecvt_byname<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>;
  extern template class collate<wchar_t>;
  extern template class collate_byname<wchar_t>;

  extern template
    const codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>&
    use_facet<codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t> >(locale const&);

  extern template
    const collate<wchar_t>&
    use_facet<collate<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    const numpunct<wchar_t>&
    use_facet<numpunct<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    const num_put<wchar_t>&
    use_facet<num_put<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    const num_get<wchar_t>&
    use_facet<num_get<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    const moneypunct<wchar_t, true>&
    use_facet<moneypunct<wchar_t, true> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    const moneypunct<wchar_t, false>&
    use_facet<moneypunct<wchar_t, false> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    const money_put<wchar_t>&
    use_facet<money_put<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    const money_get<wchar_t>&
    use_facet<money_get<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    const __timepunct<wchar_t>&
    use_facet<__timepunct<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    const time_put<wchar_t>&
    use_facet<time_put<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    const time_get<wchar_t>&
    use_facet<time_get<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    const messages<wchar_t>&
    use_facet<messages<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

 extern template
    bool
    has_facet<ctype<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    bool
    has_facet<codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    bool
    has_facet<collate<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    bool
    has_facet<numpunct<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    bool
    has_facet<num_put<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    bool
    has_facet<num_get<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    bool
    has_facet<moneypunct<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    bool
    has_facet<money_put<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    bool
    has_facet<money_get<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    bool
    has_facet<__timepunct<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    bool
    has_facet<time_put<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    bool
    has_facet<time_get<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    bool
    has_facet<messages<wchar_t> >(const locale&);
#endif
#endif
} // namespace std

#endif