src/amd/vulkan/radv_wsi.c

   1 /*
   2  * Copyright © 2016 Red Hat
   3  * based on intel anv code:
   4  * Copyright © 2015 Intel Corporation
   5  *
   6  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
   7  * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
   8  * to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
   9  * the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
  10  * and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
  11  * Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
  12  *
  13  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice (including the next
  14  * paragraph) shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the
  15  * Software.
  16  *
  17  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
  18  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
  19  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL
  20  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
  21  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
  22  * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
  23  * IN THE SOFTWARE.
  24  */
  25
  26 #include "radv_private.h"
  27 #include "radv_meta.h"
  28 #include "wsi_common.h"
  29 #include "vk_util.h"
  30
  31 static const struct wsi_callbacks wsi_cbs = {
  32    .get_phys_device_format_properties = radv_GetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties,
  33 };
  34
  35 VkResult
  36 radv_init_wsi(struct radv_physical_device *physical_device)
  37 {
  38         VkResult result;
  39
  40         memset(physical_device->wsi_device.wsi, 0, sizeof(physical_device->wsi_device.wsi));
  41
  42 #ifdef VK_USE_PLATFORM_XCB_KHR
  43         result = wsi_x11_init_wsi(&physical_device->wsi_device, &physical_device->instance->alloc);
  44         if (result != VK_SUCCESS)
  45                 return result;
  46 #endif
  47
  48 #ifdef VK_USE_PLATFORM_WAYLAND_KHR
  49         result = wsi_wl_init_wsi(&physical_device->wsi_device, &physical_device->instance->alloc,
  50                                  radv_physical_device_to_handle(physical_device),
  51                                  &wsi_cbs);
  52         if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
  53 #ifdef VK_USE_PLATFORM_XCB_KHR
  54                 wsi_x11_finish_wsi(&physical_device->wsi_device, &physical_device->instance->alloc);
  55 #endif
  56                 return result;
  57         }
  58 #endif
  59
  60         return VK_SUCCESS;
  61 }
  62
  63 void
  64 radv_finish_wsi(struct radv_physical_device *physical_device)
  65 {
  66 #ifdef VK_USE_PLATFORM_WAYLAND_KHR
  67         wsi_wl_finish_wsi(&physical_device->wsi_device, &physical_device->instance->alloc);
  68 #endif
  69 #ifdef VK_USE_PLATFORM_XCB_KHR
  70         wsi_x11_finish_wsi(&physical_device->wsi_device, &physical_device->instance->alloc);
  71 #endif
  72 }
  73
  74 void radv_DestroySurfaceKHR(
  75         VkInstance                                   _instance,
  76         VkSurfaceKHR                                 _surface,
  77         const VkAllocationCallbacks*                 pAllocator)
  78 {
  79         RADV_FROM_HANDLE(radv_instance, instance, _instance);
  80         ICD_FROM_HANDLE(VkIcdSurfaceBase, surface, _surface);
  81
  82         vk_free2(&instance->alloc, pAllocator, surface);
  83 }
  84
  85 VkResult radv_GetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR(
  86         VkPhysicalDevice                            physicalDevice,
  87         uint32_t                                    queueFamilyIndex,
  88         VkSurfaceKHR                                _surface,
  89         VkBool32*                                   pSupported)
  90 {
  91         RADV_FROM_HANDLE(radv_physical_device, device, physicalDevice);
  92         ICD_FROM_HANDLE(VkIcdSurfaceBase, surface, _surface);
  93         struct wsi_interface *iface = device->wsi_device.wsi[surface->platform];
  94
  95         return iface->get_support(surface, &device->wsi_device,
  96                                   &device->instance->alloc,
  97                                   queueFamilyIndex, device->local_fd, true, pSupported);
  98 }
  99
 100 VkResult radv_GetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR(
 101         VkPhysicalDevice                            physicalDevice,
 102         VkSurfaceKHR                                _surface,
 103         VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR*                   pSurfaceCapabilities)
 104 {
 105         RADV_FROM_HANDLE(radv_physical_device, device, physicalDevice);
 106         ICD_FROM_HANDLE(VkIcdSurfaceBase, surface, _surface);
 107         struct wsi_interface *iface = device->wsi_device.wsi[surface->platform];
 108
 109         return iface->get_capabilities(surface, pSurfaceCapabilities);
 110 }
 111
 112 VkResult radv_GetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(
 113         VkPhysicalDevice                            physicalDevice,
 114         VkSurfaceKHR                                _surface,
 115         uint32_t*                                   pSurfaceFormatCount,
 116         VkSurfaceFormatKHR*                         pSurfaceFormats)
 117 {
 118         RADV_FROM_HANDLE(radv_physical_device, device, physicalDevice);
 119         ICD_FROM_HANDLE(VkIcdSurfaceBase, surface, _surface);
 120         struct wsi_interface *iface = device->wsi_device.wsi[surface->platform];
 121
 122         return iface->get_formats(surface, &device->wsi_device, pSurfaceFormatCount,
 123                                   pSurfaceFormats);
 124 }
 125
 126 VkResult radv_GetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(
 127         VkPhysicalDevice                            physicalDevice,
 128         VkSurfaceKHR                                _surface,
 129         uint32_t*                                   pPresentModeCount,
 130         VkPresentModeKHR*                           pPresentModes)
 131 {
 132         RADV_FROM_HANDLE(radv_physical_device, device, physicalDevice);
 133         ICD_FROM_HANDLE(VkIcdSurfaceBase, surface, _surface);
 134         struct wsi_interface *iface = device->wsi_device.wsi[surface->platform];
 135
 136         return iface->get_present_modes(surface, pPresentModeCount,
 137                                         pPresentModes);
 138 }
 139
 140 static VkResult
 141 radv_wsi_image_create(VkDevice device_h,
 142                       const VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR *pCreateInfo,
 143                       const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocator,
 144                       bool needs_linear_copy,
 145                       bool linear,
 146                       VkImage *image_p,
 147                       VkDeviceMemory *memory_p,
 148                       uint32_t *size,
 149                       uint32_t *offset,
 150                       uint32_t *row_pitch, int *fd_p)
 151 {
 152         VkResult result = VK_SUCCESS;
 153         struct radeon_surf *surface;
 154         VkImage image_h;
 155         struct radv_image *image;
 156         int fd;
 157         RADV_FROM_HANDLE(radv_device, device, device_h);
 158
 159         result = radv_image_create(device_h,
 160                                    &(struct radv_image_create_info) {
 161                                            .vk_info =
 162                                                    &(VkImageCreateInfo) {
 163                                                    .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO,
 164                                                    .imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D,
 165                                                    .format = pCreateInfo->imageFormat,
 166                                                    .extent = {
 167                                                            .width = pCreateInfo->imageExtent.width,
 168                                                            .height = pCreateInfo->imageExtent.height,
 169                                                            .depth = 1
 170                                                    },
 171                                                    .mipLevels = 1,
 172                                                    .arrayLayers = 1,
 173                                                    .samples = 1,
 174                                                    /* FIXME: Need a way to use X tiling to allow scanout */
 175                                                    .tiling = linear ? VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR : VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL,
 176                                                    .usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT,
 177                                                    .flags = 0,
 178                                            },
 179                                                    .scanout = true},
 180                                    NULL,
 181                                    &image_h);
 182         if (result != VK_SUCCESS)
 183                 return result;
 184
 185         image = radv_image_from_handle(image_h);
 186
 187         VkDeviceMemory memory_h;
 188
 189         const VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfoKHR ded_alloc = {
 190                 .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_DEDICATED_ALLOCATE_INFO_KHR,
 191                 .pNext = NULL,
 192                 .buffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE,
 193                 .image = image_h
 194         };
 195
 196         result = radv_AllocateMemory(device_h,
 197                                      &(VkMemoryAllocateInfo) {
 198                                              .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO,
 199                                              .pNext = &ded_alloc,
 200                                              .allocationSize = image->size,
 201                                              .memoryTypeIndex = linear ? 1 : 0,
 202                                      },
 203                                      NULL /* XXX: pAllocator */,
 204                                      &memory_h);
 205         if (result != VK_SUCCESS)
 206                 goto fail_create_image;
 207
 208         radv_BindImageMemory(device_h, image_h, memory_h, 0);
 209
 210         /*
 211          * return the fd for the image in the no copy mode,
 212          * or the fd for the linear image if a copy is required.
 213          */
 214         if (!needs_linear_copy || (needs_linear_copy && linear)) {
 215                 RADV_FROM_HANDLE(radv_device_memory, memory, memory_h);
 216                 if (!radv_get_memory_fd(device, memory, &fd))
 217                         goto fail_alloc_memory;
 218                 *fd_p = fd;
 219         }
 220
 221         surface = &image->surface;
 222
 223         *image_p = image_h;
 224         *memory_p = memory_h;
 225         *size = image->size;
 226         *offset = image->offset;
 227
 228         if (device->physical_device->rad_info.chip_class >= GFX9)
 229                 *row_pitch = surface->u.gfx9.surf_pitch * surface->bpe;
 230         else
 231                 *row_pitch = surface->u.legacy.level[0].nblk_x * surface->bpe;
 232         return VK_SUCCESS;
 233  fail_alloc_memory:
 234         radv_FreeMemory(device_h, memory_h, pAllocator);
 235
 236 fail_create_image:
 237         radv_DestroyImage(device_h, image_h, pAllocator);
 238
 239         return result;
 240 }
 241
 242 static void
 243 radv_wsi_image_free(VkDevice device,
 244                     const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocator,
 245                     VkImage image_h,
 246                     VkDeviceMemory memory_h)
 247 {
 248         radv_DestroyImage(device, image_h, pAllocator);
 249
 250         radv_FreeMemory(device, memory_h, pAllocator);
 251 }
 252
 253 static const struct wsi_image_fns radv_wsi_image_fns = {
 254    .create_wsi_image = radv_wsi_image_create,
 255    .free_wsi_image = radv_wsi_image_free,
 256 };
 257
 258 #define NUM_PRIME_POOLS RADV_QUEUE_TRANSFER
 259 static void
 260 radv_wsi_free_prime_command_buffers(struct radv_device *device,
 261                                     struct wsi_swapchain *swapchain)
 262 {
 263         const int num_pools = NUM_PRIME_POOLS;
 264         const int num_images = swapchain->image_count;
 265         int i;
 266         for (i = 0; i < num_pools; i++) {
 267                 radv_FreeCommandBuffers(radv_device_to_handle(device),
 268                                      swapchain->cmd_pools[i],
 269                                      swapchain->image_count,
 270                                      &swapchain->cmd_buffers[i * num_images]);
 271
 272                 radv_DestroyCommandPool(radv_device_to_handle(device),
 273                                      swapchain->cmd_pools[i],
 274                                      &swapchain->alloc);
 275         }
 276 }
 277
 278 static VkResult
 279 radv_wsi_create_prime_command_buffers(struct radv_device *device,
 280                                       const VkAllocationCallbacks *alloc,
 281                                       struct wsi_swapchain *swapchain)
 282 {
 283         const int num_pools = NUM_PRIME_POOLS;
 284         const int num_images = swapchain->image_count;
 285         int num_cmd_buffers = num_images * num_pools; //TODO bump to MAX_QUEUE_FAMILIES
 286         VkResult result;
 287         int i, j;
 288
 289         swapchain->cmd_buffers = vk_alloc(alloc, (sizeof(VkCommandBuffer) * num_cmd_buffers), 8,
 290                                           VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_DEVICE);
 291         if (!swapchain->cmd_buffers)
 292                 return VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
 293
 294         memset(swapchain->cmd_buffers, 0, sizeof(VkCommandBuffer) * num_cmd_buffers);
 295         memset(swapchain->cmd_pools, 0, sizeof(VkCommandPool) * num_pools);
 296         for (i = 0; i < num_pools; i++) {
 297                 VkCommandPoolCreateInfo pool_create_info;
 298
 299                 pool_create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_INFO;
 300                 pool_create_info.pNext = NULL;
 301                 pool_create_info.flags = 0;
 302                 pool_create_info.queueFamilyIndex = i;
 303
 304                 result = radv_CreateCommandPool(radv_device_to_handle(device),
 305                                                 &pool_create_info, alloc,
 306                                                 &swapchain->cmd_pools[i]);
 307                 if (result != VK_SUCCESS)
 308                         goto fail;
 309
 310                 VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo cmd_buffer_info;
 311                 cmd_buffer_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO;
 312                 cmd_buffer_info.pNext = NULL;
 313                 cmd_buffer_info.commandPool = swapchain->cmd_pools[i];
 314                 cmd_buffer_info.level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY;
 315                 cmd_buffer_info.commandBufferCount = num_images;
 316
 317                 result = radv_AllocateCommandBuffers(radv_device_to_handle(device),
 318                                                      &cmd_buffer_info,
 319                                                      &swapchain->cmd_buffers[i * num_images]);
 320                 if (result != VK_SUCCESS)
 321                         goto fail;
 322                 for (j = 0; j < num_images; j++) {
 323                         VkImage image, linear_image;
 324                         int idx = (i * num_images) + j;
 325
 326                         swapchain->get_image_and_linear(swapchain, j, &image, &linear_image);
 327                         VkCommandBufferBeginInfo begin_info = {0};
 328
 329                         begin_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO;
 330
 331                         radv_BeginCommandBuffer(swapchain->cmd_buffers[idx], &begin_info);
 332
 333                         radv_blit_to_prime_linear(radv_cmd_buffer_from_handle(swapchain->cmd_buffers[idx]),
 334                                                   radv_image_from_handle(image),
 335                                                   radv_image_from_handle(linear_image));
 336
 337                         radv_EndCommandBuffer(swapchain->cmd_buffers[idx]);
 338                 }
 339         }
 340         return VK_SUCCESS;
 341 fail:
 342         radv_wsi_free_prime_command_buffers(device, swapchain);
 343         return result;
 344 }
 345
 346 VkResult radv_CreateSwapchainKHR(
 347         VkDevice                                     _device,
 348         const VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR*              pCreateInfo,
 349         const VkAllocationCallbacks*                 pAllocator,
 350         VkSwapchainKHR*                              pSwapchain)
 351 {
 352         RADV_FROM_HANDLE(radv_device, device, _device);
 353         ICD_FROM_HANDLE(VkIcdSurfaceBase, surface, pCreateInfo->surface);
 354         struct wsi_interface *iface =
 355                 device->physical_device->wsi_device.wsi[surface->platform];
 356         struct wsi_swapchain *swapchain;
 357         const VkAllocationCallbacks *alloc;
 358         if (pAllocator)
 359                 alloc = pAllocator;
 360         else
 361                 alloc = &device->alloc;
 362         VkResult result = iface->create_swapchain(surface, _device,
 363                                                   &device->physical_device->wsi_device,
 364                                                   device->physical_device->local_fd,
 365                                                   pCreateInfo,
 366                                                   alloc, &radv_wsi_image_fns,
 367                                                   &swapchain);
 368         if (result != VK_SUCCESS)
 369                 return result;
 370
 371         if (pAllocator)
 372                 swapchain->alloc = *pAllocator;
 373         else
 374                 swapchain->alloc = device->alloc;
 375
 376         for (unsigned i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(swapchain->fences); i++)
 377                 swapchain->fences[i] = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
 378
 379         if (swapchain->needs_linear_copy) {
 380                 result = radv_wsi_create_prime_command_buffers(device, alloc,
 381                                                                swapchain);
 382                 if (result != VK_SUCCESS)
 383                         return result;
 384         }
 385
 386         *pSwapchain = wsi_swapchain_to_handle(swapchain);
 387
 388         return VK_SUCCESS;
 389 }
 390
 391 void radv_DestroySwapchainKHR(
 392         VkDevice                                     _device,
 393         VkSwapchainKHR                               _swapchain,
 394         const VkAllocationCallbacks*                 pAllocator)
 395 {
 396         RADV_FROM_HANDLE(radv_device, device, _device);
 397         RADV_FROM_HANDLE(wsi_swapchain, swapchain, _swapchain);
 398         const VkAllocationCallbacks *alloc;
 399
 400         if (!_swapchain)
 401                 return;
 402
 403         if (pAllocator)
 404                 alloc = pAllocator;
 405         else
 406                 alloc = &device->alloc;
 407
 408         for (unsigned i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(swapchain->fences); i++) {
 409                 if (swapchain->fences[i] != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
 410                         radv_DestroyFence(_device, swapchain->fences[i], pAllocator);
 411         }
 412
 413         if (swapchain->needs_linear_copy)
 414                 radv_wsi_free_prime_command_buffers(device, swapchain);
 415
 416         swapchain->destroy(swapchain, alloc);
 417 }
 418
 419 VkResult radv_GetSwapchainImagesKHR(
 420         VkDevice                                     device,
 421         VkSwapchainKHR                               _swapchain,
 422         uint32_t*                                    pSwapchainImageCount,
 423         VkImage*                                     pSwapchainImages)
 424 {
 425         RADV_FROM_HANDLE(wsi_swapchain, swapchain, _swapchain);
 426
 427         return swapchain->get_images(swapchain, pSwapchainImageCount,
 428                                      pSwapchainImages);
 429 }
 430
 431 VkResult radv_AcquireNextImageKHR(
 432         VkDevice                                     device,
 433         VkSwapchainKHR                               _swapchain,
 434         uint64_t                                     timeout,
 435         VkSemaphore                                  semaphore,
 436         VkFence                                      _fence,
 437         uint32_t*                                    pImageIndex)
 438 {
 439         RADV_FROM_HANDLE(wsi_swapchain, swapchain, _swapchain);
 440         RADV_FROM_HANDLE(radv_fence, fence, _fence);
 441
 442         VkResult result = swapchain->acquire_next_image(swapchain, timeout, semaphore,
 443                                                         pImageIndex);
 444
 445         if (fence && (result == VK_SUCCESS || result == VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR)) {
 446                 fence->submitted = true;
 447                 fence->signalled = true;
 448         }
 449         return result;
 450 }
 451
 452 VkResult radv_QueuePresentKHR(
 453         VkQueue                                  _queue,
 454         const VkPresentInfoKHR*                  pPresentInfo)
 455 {
 456         RADV_FROM_HANDLE(radv_queue, queue, _queue);
 457         VkResult result = VK_SUCCESS;
 458         const VkPresentRegionsKHR *regions =
 459                  vk_find_struct_const(pPresentInfo->pNext, PRESENT_REGIONS_KHR);
 460
 461         for (uint32_t i = 0; i < pPresentInfo->swapchainCount; i++) {
 462                 RADV_FROM_HANDLE(wsi_swapchain, swapchain, pPresentInfo->pSwapchains[i]);
 463                 struct radeon_winsys_cs *cs;
 464                 const VkPresentRegionKHR *region = NULL;
 465                 VkResult item_result;
 466                 struct radv_winsys_sem_info sem_info;
 467
 468                 item_result = radv_alloc_sem_info(&sem_info,
 469                                                   pPresentInfo->waitSemaphoreCount,
 470                                                   pPresentInfo->pWaitSemaphores,
 471                                                   0,
 472                                                   NULL);
 473                 if (pPresentInfo->pResults != NULL)
 474                         pPresentInfo->pResults[i] = item_result;
 475                 result = result == VK_SUCCESS ? item_result : result;
 476                 if (item_result != VK_SUCCESS) {
 477                         radv_free_sem_info(&sem_info);
 478                         continue;
 479                 }
 480
 481                 assert(radv_device_from_handle(swapchain->device) == queue->device);
 482                 if (swapchain->fences[0] == VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
 483                         item_result = radv_CreateFence(radv_device_to_handle(queue->device),
 484                                                   &(VkFenceCreateInfo) {
 485                                                           .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FENCE_CREATE_INFO,
 486                                                                   .flags = 0,
 487                                                                   }, &swapchain->alloc, &swapchain->fences[0]);
 488                         if (pPresentInfo->pResults != NULL)
 489                                 pPresentInfo->pResults[i] = item_result;
 490                         result = result == VK_SUCCESS ? item_result : result;
 491                         if (item_result != VK_SUCCESS) {
 492                                 radv_free_sem_info(&sem_info);
 493                                 continue;
 494                         }
 495                 } else {
 496                         radv_ResetFences(radv_device_to_handle(queue->device),
 497                                          1, &swapchain->fences[0]);
 498                 }
 499
 500                 if (swapchain->needs_linear_copy) {
 501                         int idx = (queue->queue_family_index * swapchain->image_count) + pPresentInfo->pImageIndices[i];
 502                         cs = radv_cmd_buffer_from_handle(swapchain->cmd_buffers[idx])->cs;
 503                 } else
 504                         cs = queue->device->empty_cs[queue->queue_family_index];
 505                 RADV_FROM_HANDLE(radv_fence, fence, swapchain->fences[0]);
 506                 struct radeon_winsys_fence *base_fence = fence->fence;
 507                 struct radeon_winsys_ctx *ctx = queue->hw_ctx;
 508
 509                 queue->device->ws->cs_submit(ctx, queue->queue_idx,
 510                                              &cs,
 511                                              1, NULL, NULL,
 512                                              &sem_info,
 513                                              false, base_fence);
 514                 fence->submitted = true;
 515
 516                 if (regions && regions->pRegions)
 517                         region = &regions->pRegions[i];
 518
 519                 item_result = swapchain->queue_present(swapchain,
 520                                                   pPresentInfo->pImageIndices[i],
 521                                                   region);
 522                 /* TODO: What if one of them returns OUT_OF_DATE? */
 523                 if (pPresentInfo->pResults != NULL)
 524                         pPresentInfo->pResults[i] = item_result;
 525                 result = result == VK_SUCCESS ? item_result : result;
 526                 if (item_result != VK_SUCCESS) {
 527                         radv_free_sem_info(&sem_info);
 528                         continue;
 529                 }
 530
 531                 VkFence last = swapchain->fences[2];
 532                 swapchain->fences[2] = swapchain->fences[1];
 533                 swapchain->fences[1] = swapchain->fences[0];
 534                 swapchain->fences[0] = last;
 535
 536                 if (last != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
 537                         radv_WaitForFences(radv_device_to_handle(queue->device),
 538                                            1, &last, true, 1);
 539                 }
 540
 541                 radv_free_sem_info(&sem_info);
 542         }
 543
 544         return VK_SUCCESS;
 545 }