src/arch/x86/process.cc

   1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2003-2006 The Regents of The University of Michigan
   3  * All rights reserved.
   4  *
   5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
   7  * met: redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
   8  * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer;
   9  * redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
  10  * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
  11  * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution;
  12  * neither the name of the copyright holders nor the names of its
  13  * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
  14  * this software without specific prior written permission.
  15  *
  16  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
  17  * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
  18  * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
  19  * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
  20  * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
  21  * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
  22  * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
  23  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
  24  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
  25  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
  26  * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
  27  *
  28  * Authors: Gabe Black
  29  *          Ali Saidi
  30  */
  31
  32 /*
  33  * Copyright (c) 2007 The Hewlett-Packard Development Company
  34  * All rights reserved.
  35  *
  36  * Redistribution and use of this software in source and binary forms,
  37  * with or without modification, are permitted provided that the
  38  * following conditions are met:
  39  *
  40  * The software must be used only for Non-Commercial Use which means any
  41  * use which is NOT directed to receiving any direct monetary
  42  * compensation for, or commercial advantage from such use.  Illustrative
  43  * examples of non-commercial use are academic research, personal study,
  44  * teaching, education and corporate research & development.
  45  * Illustrative examples of commercial use are distributing products for
  46  * commercial advantage and providing services using the software for
  47  * commercial advantage.
  48  *
  49  * If you wish to use this software or functionality therein that may be
  50  * covered by patents for commercial use, please contact:
  51  *     Director of Intellectual Property Licensing
  52  *     Office of Strategy and Technology
  53  *     Hewlett-Packard Company
  54  *     1501 Page Mill Road
  55  *     Palo Alto, California  94304
  56  *
  57  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
  58  * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.  Redistributions
  59  * in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of
  60  * conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or
  61  * other materials provided with the distribution.  Neither the name of
  62  * the COPYRIGHT HOLDER(s), HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY, nor the names of its
  63  * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
  64  * this software without specific prior written permission.  No right of
  65  * sublicense is granted herewith.  Derivatives of the software and
  66  * output created using the software may be prepared, but only for
  67  * Non-Commercial Uses.  Derivatives of the software may be shared with
  68  * others provided: (i) the others agree to abide by the list of
  69  * conditions herein which includes the Non-Commercial Use restrictions;
  70  * and (ii) such Derivatives of the software include the above copyright
  71  * notice to acknowledge the contribution from this software where
  72  * applicable, this list of conditions and the disclaimer below.
  73  *
  74  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
  75  * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
  76  * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
  77  * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
  78  * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
  79  * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
  80  * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
  81  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
  82  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
  83  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
  84  * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
  85  *
  86  * Authors: Gabe Black
  87  */
  88
  89 #include "arch/x86/isa_traits.hh"
  90 #include "arch/x86/process.hh"
  91 #include "arch/x86/segmentregs.hh"
  92 #include "arch/x86/types.hh"
  93 #include "base/loader/object_file.hh"
  94 #include "base/loader/elf_object.hh"
  95 #include "base/misc.hh"
  96 #include "base/trace.hh"
  97 #include "cpu/thread_context.hh"
  98 #include "mem/page_table.hh"
  99 #include "mem/translating_port.hh"
 100 #include "sim/process_impl.hh"
 101 #include "sim/system.hh"
 102
 103 using namespace std;
 104 using namespace X86ISA;
 105
 106 M5_64_auxv_t::M5_64_auxv_t(int64_t type, int64_t val)
 107 {
 108     a_type = TheISA::htog(type);
 109     a_val = TheISA::htog(val);
 110 }
 111
 112 X86LiveProcess::X86LiveProcess(LiveProcessParams * params,
 113         ObjectFile *objFile)
 114     : LiveProcess(params, objFile)
 115 {
 116     brk_point = objFile->dataBase() + objFile->dataSize() + objFile->bssSize();
 117     brk_point = roundUp(brk_point, VMPageSize);
 118
 119     // Set pointer for next thread stack.  Reserve 8M for main stack.
 120     next_thread_stack_base = stack_base - (8 * 1024 * 1024);
 121
 122     // Set up stack. On X86_64 Linux, stack goes from the top of memory
 123     // downward, less the hole for the kernel address space plus one page
 124     // for undertermined purposes.
 125     stack_base = (Addr)0x7FFFFFFFF000ULL;
 126
 127     // Set up region for mmaps. This was determined empirically and may not
 128     // always be correct.
 129     mmap_start = mmap_end = 0x2aaaaaaab000;
 130 }
 131
 132 void X86LiveProcess::handleTrap(int trapNum, ThreadContext *tc)
 133 {
 134     switch(trapNum)
 135     {
 136       default:
 137         panic("Unimplemented trap to operating system: trap number %#x.\n", trapNum);
 138     }
 139 }
 140
 141 void
 142 X86LiveProcess::startup()
 143 {
 144     argsInit(sizeof(IntReg), VMPageSize);
 145
 146     for (int i = 0; i < threadContexts.size(); i++) {
 147         ThreadContext * tc = threadContexts[i];
 148
 149         SegAttr dataAttr = 0;
 150         dataAttr.writable = 1;
 151         dataAttr.readable = 1;
 152         dataAttr.expandDown = 0;
 153         dataAttr.dpl = 3;
 154         dataAttr.defaultSize = 0;
 155         dataAttr.longMode = 1;
 156
 157         //Initialize the segment registers.
 158         for(int seg = 0; seg < NUM_SEGMENTREGS; seg++) {
 159             tc->setMiscRegNoEffect(MISCREG_SEG_BASE(seg), 0);
 160             tc->setMiscRegNoEffect(MISCREG_SEG_ATTR(seg), dataAttr);
 161         }
 162
 163         SegAttr csAttr = 0;
 164         csAttr.writable = 0;
 165         csAttr.readable = 1;
 166         csAttr.expandDown = 0;
 167         csAttr.dpl = 3;
 168         csAttr.defaultSize = 0;
 169         csAttr.longMode = 1;
 170
 171         tc->setMiscRegNoEffect(MISCREG_CS_ATTR, csAttr);
 172
 173         //Set up the registers that describe the operating mode.
 174         CR0 cr0 = 0;
 175         cr0.pg = 1; // Turn on paging.
 176         cr0.cd = 0; // Don't disable caching.
 177         cr0.nw = 0; // This is bit is defined to be ignored.
 178         cr0.am = 0; // No alignment checking
 179         cr0.wp = 0; // Supervisor mode can write read only pages
 180         cr0.ne = 1;
 181         cr0.et = 1; // This should always be 1
 182         cr0.ts = 0; // We don't do task switching, so causing fp exceptions
 183                     // would be pointless.
 184         cr0.em = 0; // Allow x87 instructions to execute natively.
 185         cr0.mp = 1; // This doesn't really matter, but the manual suggests
 186                     // setting it to one.
 187         cr0.pe = 1; // We're definitely in protected mode.
 188         tc->setMiscReg(MISCREG_CR0, cr0);
 189
 190         Efer efer = 0;
 191         efer.sce = 1; // Enable system call extensions.
 192         efer.lme = 1; // Enable long mode.
 193         efer.lma = 1; // Activate long mode.
 194         efer.nxe = 1; // Enable nx support.
 195         efer.svme = 0; // Disable svm support for now. It isn't implemented.
 196         efer.ffxsr = 1; // Turn on fast fxsave and fxrstor.
 197         tc->setMiscReg(MISCREG_EFER, efer);
 198     }
 199 }
 200
 201 void
 202 X86LiveProcess::argsInit(int intSize, int pageSize)
 203 {
 204     typedef M5_64_auxv_t auxv_t;
 205     Process::startup();
 206
 207     string filename;
 208     if(argv.size() < 1)
 209         filename = "";
 210     else
 211         filename = argv[0];
 212
 213     //We want 16 byte alignment
 214     uint64_t align = 16;
 215
 216     // load object file into target memory
 217     objFile->loadSections(initVirtMem);
 218
 219     enum X86CpuFeature {
 220         X86_OnboardFPU = 1 << 0,
 221         X86_VirtualModeExtensions = 1 << 1,
 222         X86_DebuggingExtensions = 1 << 2,
 223         X86_PageSizeExtensions = 1 << 3,
 224
 225         X86_TimeStampCounter = 1 << 4,
 226         X86_ModelSpecificRegisters = 1 << 5,
 227         X86_PhysicalAddressExtensions = 1 << 6,
 228         X86_MachineCheckExtensions = 1 << 7,
 229
 230         X86_CMPXCHG8Instruction = 1 << 8,
 231         X86_OnboardAPIC = 1 << 9,
 232         X86_SYSENTER_SYSEXIT = 1 << 11,
 233
 234         X86_MemoryTypeRangeRegisters = 1 << 12,
 235         X86_PageGlobalEnable = 1 << 13,
 236         X86_MachineCheckArchitecture = 1 << 14,
 237         X86_CMOVInstruction = 1 << 15,
 238
 239         X86_PageAttributeTable = 1 << 16,
 240         X86_36BitPSEs = 1 << 17,
 241         X86_ProcessorSerialNumber = 1 << 18,
 242         X86_CLFLUSHInstruction = 1 << 19,
 243
 244         X86_DebugTraceStore = 1 << 21,
 245         X86_ACPIViaMSR = 1 << 22,
 246         X86_MultimediaExtensions = 1 << 23,
 247
 248         X86_FXSAVE_FXRSTOR = 1 << 24,
 249         X86_StreamingSIMDExtensions = 1 << 25,
 250         X86_StreamingSIMDExtensions2 = 1 << 26,
 251         X86_CPUSelfSnoop = 1 << 27,
 252
 253         X86_HyperThreading = 1 << 28,
 254         X86_AutomaticClockControl = 1 << 29,
 255         X86_IA64Processor = 1 << 30
 256     };
 257
 258     //Setup the auxilliary vectors. These will already have endian conversion.
 259     //Auxilliary vectors are loaded only for elf formatted executables.
 260     ElfObject * elfObject = dynamic_cast<ElfObject *>(objFile);
 261     if(elfObject)
 262     {
 263         uint64_t features =
 264             X86_OnboardFPU |
 265             X86_VirtualModeExtensions |
 266             X86_DebuggingExtensions |
 267             X86_PageSizeExtensions |
 268             X86_TimeStampCounter |
 269             X86_ModelSpecificRegisters |
 270             X86_PhysicalAddressExtensions |
 271             X86_MachineCheckExtensions |
 272             X86_CMPXCHG8Instruction |
 273             X86_OnboardAPIC |
 274             X86_SYSENTER_SYSEXIT |
 275             X86_MemoryTypeRangeRegisters |
 276             X86_PageGlobalEnable |
 277             X86_MachineCheckArchitecture |
 278             X86_CMOVInstruction |
 279             X86_PageAttributeTable |
 280             X86_36BitPSEs |
 281 //            X86_ProcessorSerialNumber |
 282             X86_CLFLUSHInstruction |
 283 //            X86_DebugTraceStore |
 284 //            X86_ACPIViaMSR |
 285             X86_MultimediaExtensions |
 286             X86_FXSAVE_FXRSTOR |
 287             X86_StreamingSIMDExtensions |
 288             X86_StreamingSIMDExtensions2 |
 289 //            X86_CPUSelfSnoop |
 290 //            X86_HyperThreading |
 291 //            X86_AutomaticClockControl |
 292 //            X86_IA64Processor |
 293             0;
 294
 295         //Bits which describe the system hardware capabilities
 296         //XXX Figure out what these should be
 297         auxv.push_back(auxv_t(M5_AT_HWCAP, features));
 298         //The system page size
 299         auxv.push_back(auxv_t(M5_AT_PAGESZ, X86ISA::VMPageSize));
 300         //Frequency at which times() increments
 301         auxv.push_back(auxv_t(M5_AT_CLKTCK, 100));
 302         // For statically linked executables, this is the virtual address of the
 303         // program header tables if they appear in the executable image
 304         auxv.push_back(auxv_t(M5_AT_PHDR, elfObject->programHeaderTable()));
 305         // This is the size of a program header entry from the elf file.
 306         auxv.push_back(auxv_t(M5_AT_PHENT, elfObject->programHeaderSize()));
 307         // This is the number of program headers from the original elf file.
 308         auxv.push_back(auxv_t(M5_AT_PHNUM, elfObject->programHeaderCount()));
 309         //Defined to be 100 in the kernel source.
 310         //This is the address of the elf "interpreter", It should be set
 311         //to 0 for regular executables. It should be something else
 312         //(not sure what) for dynamic libraries.
 313         auxv.push_back(auxv_t(M5_AT_BASE, 0));
 314
 315         //XXX Figure out what this should be.
 316         auxv.push_back(auxv_t(M5_AT_FLAGS, 0));
 317         //The entry point to the program
 318         auxv.push_back(auxv_t(M5_AT_ENTRY, objFile->entryPoint()));
 319         //Different user and group IDs
 320         auxv.push_back(auxv_t(M5_AT_UID, uid()));
 321         auxv.push_back(auxv_t(M5_AT_EUID, euid()));
 322         auxv.push_back(auxv_t(M5_AT_GID, gid()));
 323         auxv.push_back(auxv_t(M5_AT_EGID, egid()));
 324         //Whether to enable "secure mode" in the executable
 325         auxv.push_back(auxv_t(M5_AT_SECURE, 0));
 326         //The string "x86_64" with unknown meaning
 327         auxv.push_back(auxv_t(M5_AT_PLATFORM, 0));
 328     }
 329
 330     //Figure out how big the initial stack needs to be
 331
 332     // A sentry NULL void pointer at the top of the stack.
 333     int sentry_size = intSize;
 334
 335     //This is the name of the file which is present on the initial stack
 336     //It's purpose is to let the user space linker examine the original file.
 337     int file_name_size = filename.size() + 1;
 338
 339     string platform = "x86_64";
 340     int aux_data_size = platform.size() + 1;
 341
 342     int env_data_size = 0;
 343     for (int i = 0; i < envp.size(); ++i) {
 344         env_data_size += envp[i].size() + 1;
 345     }
 346     int arg_data_size = 0;
 347     for (int i = 0; i < argv.size(); ++i) {
 348         arg_data_size += argv[i].size() + 1;
 349     }
 350
 351     //The info_block needs to be padded so it's size is a multiple of the
 352     //alignment mask. Also, it appears that there needs to be at least some
 353     //padding, so if the size is already a multiple, we need to increase it
 354     //anyway.
 355     int base_info_block_size =
 356         sentry_size + file_name_size + env_data_size + arg_data_size;
 357
 358     int info_block_size = roundUp(base_info_block_size, align);
 359
 360     int info_block_padding = info_block_size - base_info_block_size;
 361
 362     //Each auxilliary vector is two 8 byte words
 363     int aux_array_size = intSize * 2 * (auxv.size() + 1);
 364
 365     int envp_array_size = intSize * (envp.size() + 1);
 366     int argv_array_size = intSize * (argv.size() + 1);
 367
 368     int argc_size = intSize;
 369
 370     //Figure out the size of the contents of the actual initial frame
 371     int frame_size =
 372         aux_array_size +
 373         envp_array_size +
 374         argv_array_size +
 375         argc_size;
 376
 377     //There needs to be padding after the auxiliary vector data so that the
 378     //very bottom of the stack is aligned properly.
 379     int partial_size = frame_size + aux_data_size;
 380     int aligned_partial_size = roundUp(partial_size, align);
 381     int aux_padding = aligned_partial_size - partial_size;
 382
 383     int space_needed =
 384         info_block_size +
 385         aux_data_size +
 386         aux_padding +
 387         frame_size;
 388
 389     stack_min = stack_base - space_needed;
 390     stack_min = roundDown(stack_min, align);
 391     stack_size = stack_base - stack_min;
 392
 393     // map memory
 394     pTable->allocate(roundDown(stack_min, pageSize),
 395                      roundUp(stack_size, pageSize));
 396
 397     // map out initial stack contents
 398     Addr sentry_base = stack_base - sentry_size;
 399     Addr file_name_base = sentry_base - file_name_size;
 400     Addr env_data_base = file_name_base - env_data_size;
 401     Addr arg_data_base = env_data_base - arg_data_size;
 402     Addr aux_data_base = arg_data_base - info_block_padding - aux_data_size;
 403     Addr auxv_array_base = aux_data_base - aux_array_size - aux_padding;
 404     Addr envp_array_base = auxv_array_base - envp_array_size;
 405     Addr argv_array_base = envp_array_base - argv_array_size;
 406     Addr argc_base = argv_array_base - argc_size;
 407
 408     DPRINTF(X86, "The addresses of items on the initial stack:\n");
 409     DPRINTF(X86, "0x%x - file name\n", file_name_base);
 410     DPRINTF(X86, "0x%x - env data\n", env_data_base);
 411     DPRINTF(X86, "0x%x - arg data\n", arg_data_base);
 412     DPRINTF(X86, "0x%x - aux data\n", aux_data_base);
 413     DPRINTF(X86, "0x%x - auxv array\n", auxv_array_base);
 414     DPRINTF(X86, "0x%x - envp array\n", envp_array_base);
 415     DPRINTF(X86, "0x%x - argv array\n", argv_array_base);
 416     DPRINTF(X86, "0x%x - argc \n", argc_base);
 417     DPRINTF(X86, "0x%x - stack min\n", stack_min);
 418
 419     // write contents to stack
 420
 421     // figure out argc
 422     uint64_t argc = argv.size();
 423     uint64_t guestArgc = TheISA::htog(argc);
 424
 425     //Write out the sentry void *
 426     uint64_t sentry_NULL = 0;
 427     initVirtMem->writeBlob(sentry_base,
 428             (uint8_t*)&sentry_NULL, sentry_size);
 429
 430     //Write the file name
 431     initVirtMem->writeString(file_name_base, filename.c_str());
 432
 433     //Fix up the aux vector which points to the "platform" string
 434     assert(auxv[auxv.size() - 1].a_type = M5_AT_PLATFORM);
 435     auxv[auxv.size() - 1].a_val = aux_data_base;
 436
 437     //Copy the aux stuff
 438     for(int x = 0; x < auxv.size(); x++)
 439     {
 440         initVirtMem->writeBlob(auxv_array_base + x * 2 * intSize,
 441                 (uint8_t*)&(auxv[x].a_type), intSize);
 442         initVirtMem->writeBlob(auxv_array_base + (x * 2 + 1) * intSize,
 443                 (uint8_t*)&(auxv[x].a_val), intSize);
 444     }
 445     //Write out the terminating zeroed auxilliary vector
 446     const uint64_t zero = 0;
 447     initVirtMem->writeBlob(auxv_array_base + 2 * intSize * auxv.size(),
 448             (uint8_t*)&zero, 2 * intSize);
 449
 450     initVirtMem->writeString(aux_data_base, platform.c_str());
 451
 452     copyStringArray(envp, envp_array_base, env_data_base, initVirtMem);
 453     copyStringArray(argv, argv_array_base, arg_data_base, initVirtMem);
 454
 455     initVirtMem->writeBlob(argc_base, (uint8_t*)&guestArgc, intSize);
 456
 457     //Set the stack pointer register
 458     threadContexts[0]->setIntReg(StackPointerReg, stack_min);
 459
 460     Addr prog_entry = objFile->entryPoint();
 461     threadContexts[0]->setPC(prog_entry);
 462     threadContexts[0]->setNextPC(prog_entry + sizeof(MachInst));
 463
 464     //Align the "stack_min" to a page boundary.
 465     stack_min = roundDown(stack_min, pageSize);
 466
 467 //    num_processes++;
 468 }