\input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*-
-@c Copyright (C) 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1998,
-@c 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010
-@c Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+@c Copyright (C) 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996,
+@c 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009,
+@c 2010, 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@c
@c %**start of header
@c makeinfo ignores cmds prev to setfilename, so its arg cannot make use
* GDB Bugs:: Reporting bugs in @value{GDBN}
+@ifset SYSTEM_READLINE
+* Command Line Editing: (rluserman). Command Line Editing
+* Using History Interactively: (history). Using History Interactively
+@end ifset
+@ifclear SYSTEM_READLINE
* Command Line Editing:: Command Line Editing
* Using History Interactively:: Using History Interactively
+@end ifclear
* Formatting Documentation:: How to format and print @value{GDBN} documentation
* Installing GDB:: Installing GDB
* Maintenance Commands:: Maintenance Commands
Run @value{GDBN} using @var{directory} as its working directory,
instead of the current directory.
+@item -data-directory @var{directory}
+@cindex @code{--data-directory}
+Run @value{GDBN} using @var{directory} as its data directory.
+The data directory is where @value{GDBN} searches for its
+auxiliary files. @xref{Data Files}.
+
@item -fullname
@itemx -f
@cindex @code{--fullname}
to the program you are debugging, in the directory where you invoke
@value{GDBN}.
+@item
+If the command line specified a program to debug, or a process to
+attach to, or a core file, @value{GDBN} loads any auto-loaded
+scripts provided for the program or for its loaded shared libraries.
+@xref{Auto-loading}.
+
+If you wish to disable the auto-loading during startup,
+you must do something like the following:
+
+@smallexample
+$ gdb -ex "set auto-load-scripts off" -ex "file myprogram"
+@end smallexample
+
+The following does not work because the auto-loading is turned off too late:
+
+@smallexample
+$ gdb -ex "set auto-load-scripts off" myprogram
+@end smallexample
+
@item
Reads command files specified by the @samp{-x} option. @xref{Command
Files}, for more details about @value{GDBN} command files.
If a pretty-printer can handle multiple data types, then its
@dfn{subprinters} are the printers for the individual data types.
Each such subprinter has its own name.
-The format of the name is @var{printer-name}:@var{subprinter-name}.
+The format of the name is @var{printer-name};@var{subprinter-name}.
Pretty-printers are installed by @dfn{registering} them with @value{GDBN}.
Typically they are automatically loaded and registered when the corresponding
and the GNU Ada compiler.
@itemize @bullet
-@item
-Currently, the debugger
-has insufficient information to determine whether certain pointers represent
-pointers to objects or the objects themselves.
-Thus, the user may have to tack an extra @code{.all} after an expression
-to get it printed properly.
-
@item
Static constants that the compiler chooses not to materialize as objects in
storage are invisible to the debugger.
automatically if the installed @value{GDBN} is moved to a new
location.
+The data directory may also be specified with the
+@code{--data-directory} command line option.
+@xref{Mode Options}.
+
@node Targets
@chapter Specifying a Debugging Target
if @var{ADDRESS|VARIABLE} == @var{CONSTANT EXPRESSION}
@end smallexample
-The DVC register will be automatically used whenever @value{GDBN} detects
-such pattern in a condition expression. This feature is available in native
-@value{GDBN} running on a Linux kernel version 2.6.34 or newer.
+The DVC register will be automatically used when @value{GDBN} detects
+such pattern in a condition expression, and the created watchpoint uses one
+debug register (either the @code{exact-watchpoints} option is on and the
+variable is scalar, or the variable has a length of one byte). This feature
+is available in native @value{GDBN} running on a Linux kernel version 2.6.34
+or newer.
+
+When running on PowerPC embedded processors, @value{GDBN} automatically uses
+ranged hardware watchpoints, unless the @code{exact-watchpoints} option is on,
+in which case watchpoints using only one debug register are created when
+watching variables of scalar types.
+
+You can create an artificial array to watch an arbitrary memory
+region using one of the following commands (@pxref{Expressions}):
+
+@smallexample
+(@value{GDBP}) watch *((char *) @var{address})@@@var{length}
+(@value{GDBP}) watch @{char[@var{length}]@} @var{address}
+@end smallexample
@value{GDBN} provides the following PowerPC-specific commands:
registers. By default, @value{GDBN} selects the calling convention
based on the selected architecture and the provided executable file.
+@item set powerpc exact-watchpoints
+@itemx show powerpc exact-watchpoints
+Allow @value{GDBN} to use only one debug register when watching a variable
+of scalar type, thus assuming that the variable is accessed through the
+address of its first byte.
+
@kindex target dink32
@item target dink32 @var{dev}
DINK32 ROM monitor.
Show whether command line editing is enabled.
@end table
-@xref{Command Line Editing}, for more details about the Readline
+@ifset SYSTEM_READLINE
+@xref{Command Line Editing, , , rluserman, GNU Readline Library},
+@end ifset
+@ifclear SYSTEM_READLINE
+@xref{Command Line Editing},
+@end ifclear
+for more details about the Readline
interface. Users unfamiliar with @sc{gnu} Emacs or @code{vi} are
encouraged to read that chapter.
history facility.
@value{GDBN} uses the @sc{gnu} History library, a part of the Readline
-package, to provide the history facility. @xref{Using History
-Interactively}, for the detailed description of the History library.
+package, to provide the history facility.
+@ifset SYSTEM_READLINE
+@xref{Using History Interactively, , , history, GNU History Library},
+@end ifset
+@ifclear SYSTEM_READLINE
+@xref{Using History Interactively},
+@end ifclear
+for the detailed description of the History library.
To issue a command to @value{GDBN} without affecting certain aspects of
the state which is seen by users, prefix it with @samp{server }
@end table
History expansion assigns special meaning to the character @kbd{!}.
-@xref{Event Designators}, for more details.
+@ifset SYSTEM_READLINE
+@xref{Event Designators, , , history, GNU History Library},
+@end ifset
+@ifclear SYSTEM_READLINE
+@xref{Event Designators},
+@end ifclear
+for more details.
@cindex history expansion, turn on/off
Since @kbd{!} is also the logical not operator in C, history expansion
for implementing operations such as single-stepping the inferior.
@item show debug infrun
Displays the current state of @value{GDBN} inferior debugging.
+@item set debug jit
+@cindex just-in-time compilation, debugging messages
+Turns on or off debugging messages from JIT debug support.
+@item show debug jit
+Displays the current state of @value{GDBN} JIT debugging.
@item set debug lin-lwp
@cindex @sc{gnu}/Linux LWP debug messages
@cindex Linux lightweight processes
@menu
* Basic Python:: Basic Python Functions.
-* Exception Handling::
-* Values From Inferior::
+* Exception Handling:: How Python exceptions are translated.
+* Values From Inferior:: Python representation of values.
* Types In Python:: Python representation of types.
* Pretty Printing API:: Pretty-printing values.
* Selecting Pretty-Printers:: How GDB chooses a pretty-printer.
@samp{print object} is a valid parameter name.
If the named parameter does not exist, this function throws a
-@code{RuntimeError}. Otherwise, the parameter's value is converted to
-a Python value of the appropriate type, and returned.
+@code{gdb.error} (@pxref{Exception Handling}). Otherwise, the
+parameter's value is converted to a Python value of the appropriate
+type, and returned.
@end defun
@findex gdb.history
and count backward from the last element (i.e., the most recent element) to
find the value to return. If @var{number} is zero, then @value{GDBN} will
return the most recent element. If the element specified by @var{number}
-doesn't exist in the value history, a @code{RuntimeError} exception will be
+doesn't exist in the value history, a @code{gdb.error} exception will be
raised.
If no exception is raised, the return value is always an instance of
NameError: name 'foo' is not defined
@end smallexample
-@value{GDBN} errors that happen in @value{GDBN} commands invoked by Python
-code are converted to Python @code{RuntimeError} exceptions. User
-interrupt (via @kbd{C-c} or by typing @kbd{q} at a pagination
-prompt) is translated to a Python @code{KeyboardInterrupt}
-exception. If you catch these exceptions in your Python code, your
-exception handler will see @code{RuntimeError} or
-@code{KeyboardInterrupt} as the exception type, the @value{GDBN} error
-message as its value, and the Python call stack backtrace at the
-Python statement closest to where the @value{GDBN} error occured as the
+@value{GDBN} errors that happen in @value{GDBN} commands invoked by
+Python code are converted to Python exceptions. The type of the
+Python exception depends on the error.
+
+@ftable @code
+@item gdb.error
+This is the base class for most exceptions generated by @value{GDBN}.
+It is derived from @code{RuntimeError}, for compatibility with earlier
+versions of @value{GDBN}.
+
+If an error occurring in @value{GDBN} does not fit into some more
+specific category, then the generated exception will have this type.
+
+@item gdb.MemoryError
+This is a subclass of @code{gdb.error} which is thrown when an
+operation tried to access invalid memory in the inferior.
+
+@item KeyboardInterrupt
+User interrupt (via @kbd{C-c} or by typing @kbd{q} at a pagination
+prompt) is translated to a Python @code{KeyboardInterrupt} exception.
+@end ftable
+
+In all cases, your exception handler will see the @value{GDBN} error
+message as its value and the Python call stack backtrace at the Python
+statement closest to where the @value{GDBN} error occured as the
traceback.
@findex gdb.GdbError
Return a Python @code{Tuple} object that contains two elements: the
low bound of the argument type and the high bound of that type. If
the type does not have a range, @value{GDBN} will raise a
-@code{RuntimeError} exception.
+@code{gdb.error} exception (@pxref{Exception Handling}).
@end defmethod
@defmethod Type reference
stack (@pxref{Frames,,Stack frames}). The @code{gdb.Frame} class
represents a frame in the stack. A @code{gdb.Frame} object is only valid
while its corresponding frame exists in the inferior's stack. If you try
-to use an invalid frame object, @value{GDBN} will throw a @code{RuntimeError}
-exception.
+to use an invalid frame object, @value{GDBN} will throw a @code{gdb.error}
+exception (@pxref{Exception Handling}).
Two @code{gdb.Frame} objects can be compared for equality with the @code{==}
operator, like:
Return the selected frame object. (@pxref{Selection,,Selecting a Frame}).
@end defun
+@findex gdb.newest_frame
+@defun newest_frame
+Return the newest frame object for the selected thread.
+@end defun
+
@defun frame_stop_reason_string reason
Return a string explaining the reason why @value{GDBN} stopped unwinding
frames, as expressed by the given @var{reason} code (an integer, see the
@end defmethod
@defmethod Frame type
-Returns the type of the frame. The value can be one of
-@code{gdb.NORMAL_FRAME}, @code{gdb.DUMMY_FRAME}, @code{gdb.SIGTRAMP_FRAME}
-or @code{gdb.SENTINEL_FRAME}.
+Returns the type of the frame. The value can be one of:
+@table @code
+@item gdb.NORMAL_FRAME
+An ordinary stack frame.
+
+@item gdb.DUMMY_FRAME
+A fake stack frame that was created by @value{GDBN} when performing an
+inferior function call.
+
+@item gdb.INLINE_FRAME
+A frame representing an inlined function. The function was inlined
+into a @code{gdb.NORMAL_FRAME} that is older than this one.
+
+@item gdb.SIGTRAMP_FRAME
+A signal trampoline frame. This is the frame created by the OS when
+it calls into a signal handler.
+
+@item gdb.ARCH_FRAME
+A fake stack frame representing a cross-architecture call.
+
+@item gdb.SENTINEL_FRAME
+This is like @code{gdb.NORMAL_FRAME}, but it is only used for the
+newest frame.
+@end table
@end defmethod
@defmethod Frame unwind_stop_reason
Python code can manipulate breakpoints via the @code{gdb.Breakpoint}
class.
-@defmethod Breakpoint __init__ spec @r{[}type@r{]} @r{[}wp_class@r{]}
+@defmethod Breakpoint __init__ spec @r{[}type@r{]} @r{[}wp_class@r{]} @r{[}internal@r{]}
Create a new breakpoint. @var{spec} is a string naming the
location of the breakpoint, or an expression that defines a
watchpoint. The contents can be any location recognized by the
command. The optional @var{type} denotes the breakpoint to create
from the types defined later in this chapter. This argument can be
either: @code{BP_BREAKPOINT} or @code{BP_WATCHPOINT}. @var{type}
-defaults to @code{BP_BREAKPOINT}. The optional @var{wp_class}
+defaults to @code{BP_BREAKPOINT}. The optional @var{internal} argument
+allows the breakpoint to become invisible to the user. The breakpoint
+will neither be reported when created, nor will it be listed in the
+output from @code{info breakpoints} (but will be listed with the
+@code{maint info breakpoints} command). The optional @var{wp_class}
argument defines the class of watchpoint to create, if @var{type} is
-defined as @code{BP_WATCHPOINT}. If a watchpoint class is not
-provided, it is assumed to be a @var{WP_WRITE} class.
+@code{BP_WATCHPOINT}. If a watchpoint class is not provided, it is
+assumed to be a @var{WP_WRITE} class.
@end defmethod
The available watchpoint types represented by constants are defined in the
inferior leaves the scope of that watchpoint.
@end defmethod
+@defmethod Breakpoint delete
+Permanently deletes the @value{GDBN} breakpoint. This also
+invalidates the Python @code{Breakpoint} object. Any further access
+to this object's attributes or methods will raise an error.
+@end defmethod
+
@defivar Breakpoint enabled
This attribute is @code{True} if the breakpoint is enabled, and
@code{False} otherwise. This attribute is writable.
writable.
@end defivar
+@defivar Breakpoint visible
+This attribute tells whether the breakpoint is visible to the user
+when set, or when the @samp{info breakpoints} command is run. This
+attribute is not writable.
+@end defivar
+
The available types are represented by constants defined in the @code{gdb}
module:
Auto-loading can be enabled or disabled.
@table @code
-@kindex maint set python auto-load
-@item maint set python auto-load [yes|no]
-Enable or disable the Python auto-loading feature.
+@kindex set auto-load-scripts
+@item set auto-load-scripts [yes|no]
+Enable or disable the auto-loading of Python scripts.
-@kindex maint show python auto-load
-@item maint show python auto-load
-Show whether Python auto-loading is enabled or disabled.
+@kindex show auto-load-scripts
+@item show auto-load-scripts
+Show whether auto-loading of Python scripts is enabled or disabled.
@end table
When reading an auto-loaded file, @value{GDBN} sets the
@cindex TUI key bindings
The TUI installs several key bindings in the readline keymaps
-(@pxref{Command Line Editing}). The following key bindings
-are installed for both TUI mode and the @value{GDBN} standard mode.
+@ifset SYSTEM_READLINE
+(@pxref{Command Line Editing, , , rluserman, GNU Readline Library}).
+@end ifset
+@ifclear SYSTEM_READLINE
+(@pxref{Command Line Editing}).
+@end ifclear
+The following key bindings are installed for both TUI mode and the
+@value{GDBN} standard mode.
@table @kbd
@kindex C-x C-a
@c inc-hist.texinfo
@c Use -I with makeinfo to point to the appropriate directory,
@c environment var TEXINPUTS with TeX.
+@ifclear SYSTEM_READLINE
@include rluser.texi
@include inc-hist.texinfo
+@end ifclear
@node Formatting Documentation
determined by the @value{GDBN} internal gdbarch functions
@code{DEPRECATED_REGISTER_RAW_SIZE} and @code{gdbarch_register_name}. The
specification of several standard @samp{g} packets is specified below.
+
+When reading registers from a trace frame (@pxref{Analyze Collected
+Data,,Using the Collected Data}), the stub may also return a string of
+literal @samp{x}'s in place of the register data digits, to indicate
+that the corresponding register has not been collected, thus its value
+is unavailable. For example, for an architecture with 4 registers of
+4 bytes each, the following reply indicates to @value{GDBN} that
+registers 0 and 2 have not been collected, while registers 1 and 3
+have been collected, and both have zero value:
+
+@smallexample
+-> @code{g}
+<- @code{xxxxxxxx00000000xxxxxxxx00000000}
+@end smallexample
+
@item E @var{NN}
for an error.
@end table
projects / binutils-gdb.git / blobdiff