\subsectionpagesuffix
\end{frame}
-\subsubsection{TBD}
+\subsubsection{Simple selections}
-\begin{frame}{\subsubsecname}
-TBD
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{\subsubsecname}
+Most Yosys commands make use of the ``selection framework'' of Yosys. It can be used
+to apply commands only to part of the design. For example:
+
+\medskip
+\begin{lstlisting}[xleftmargin=0.5cm, basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{8pt}{10pt}\selectfont, language=ys]
+delete # will delete the whole design, but
+
+delete foobar # will only delete the module foobar.
+\end{lstlisting}
+
+\bigskip
+The {\tt select} command can be used to create a selection for subsequent
+commands. For example:
+
+\medskip
+\begin{lstlisting}[xleftmargin=0.5cm, basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{8pt}{10pt}\selectfont, language=ys]
+select foobar # select the module foobar
+delete # delete selected objects
+select -clear # reset selection (select whole design)
+\end{lstlisting}
+\end{frame}
+
+\subsubsection{Selection by object name}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{\subsubsecname}
+The easiest way to select objects is by object name. This is usually only done
+in synthesis scripts that are hand-tailored for a specific design.
+
+\bigskip
+\begin{lstlisting}[xleftmargin=0.5cm, basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{8pt}{10pt}\selectfont, language=ys]
+select foobar # select module foobar
+select foo* # select all modules whose names start with foo
+select foo*/bar* # select all objects matching bar* from modules matching foo*
+select */clk # select objects named clk from all modules
+\end{lstlisting}
+\end{frame}
+
+\subsubsection{Module and design context}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{\subsubsecname}
+Commands can be executed in {\it module\/} or {\it design\/} context. Until now all
+commands have been executed in design context. The {\tt cd} command can be used
+to switch to module context.
+
+\bigskip
+In module context all commands only effect the active module. Objects in the module
+are selected without the {\tt <module\_name>/} prefix. For example:
+
+\bigskip
+\begin{lstlisting}[xleftmargin=0.5cm, basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{8pt}{10pt}\selectfont, language=ys]
+cd foo # switch to module foo
+delete bar # delete object foo/bar
+
+cd mycpu # switch to module mycpu
+dump reg_* # print details on all objects whose names start with reg_
+
+cd .. # switch back to design
+\end{lstlisting}
+
+\bigskip
+Note: Most synthesis scripts never switch to module context. But it is a very powerful
+tool for interactive design investigation.
+\end{frame}
+
+\subsubsection{Selecting by object property or type}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{\subsubsecname}
+Special patterns can be used to select by object property or type. For example:
+
+\bigskip
+\begin{lstlisting}[xleftmargin=0.5cm, basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{8pt}{10pt}\selectfont, language=ys]
+select w:reg_* # select all wires whose names start with reg_
+select a:foobar # select all objects with the attribute foobar set
+select a:foobar=42 # select all objects with the attribute foobar set to 42
+select A:blabla # select all modules with the attribute blabla set
+select foo/t:$add # select all $add cells from the module foo
+\end{lstlisting}
+
+\bigskip
+A complete list of this pattern expressions can be found in the command
+reference to the {\tt select} command.
+\end{frame}
+
+\subsubsection{Combining selection}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{\subsubsecname}
+When more than one selection expression is used in one statement, then they are
+pushed on a stack. The final elements on the stack are combined into a union:
+
+\medskip
+\begin{lstlisting}[xleftmargin=0.5cm, basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{8pt}{10pt}\selectfont, language=ys]
+select t:$dff r:WIDTH>1 # all cells of type $dff and/or with a parameter WIDTH > 1
+\end{lstlisting}
+
+\bigskip
+Special \%-commands can be used to combine the elements on the stack:
+
+\medskip
+\begin{lstlisting}[xleftmargin=0.5cm, basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{8pt}{10pt}\selectfont, language=ys]
+select t:$dff r:WIDTH>1 %i # all cells of type $dff *AND* with a parameter WIDTH > 1
+\end{lstlisting}
+
+\medskip
+\begin{block}{Examples for {\tt \%}-codes (see {\tt help select} for full list)}
+{\tt \%u} \dotfill union of top two elements on stack -- pop 2, push 1 \\
+{\tt \%d} \dotfill difference of top two elements on stack -- pop 2, push 1 \\
+{\tt \%i} \dotfill intersection of top two elements on stack -- pop 2, push 1 \\
+{\tt \%n} \dotfill inverse of top element on stack -- pop 1, push 1 \\
+\end{block}
+\end{frame}
+
+\subsubsection{Expanding selections}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{\subsubsecname}
+Selections of cells and wires can be expanded along connections using {\tt \%}-codes
+for selecting input cones ({\tt \%ci}), output cones ({\tt \%co}), or both ({\tt \%x}).
+
+\medskip
+\begin{lstlisting}[xleftmargin=0.5cm, basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{8pt}{10pt}\selectfont, language=ys]
+# select all wires that are inputs to $add cells
+select t:$add %ci w:* %i
+\end{lstlisting}
+
+\bigskip
+Additional constraints such as port names can be specified.
+
+\medskip
+\begin{lstlisting}[xleftmargin=0.5cm, basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{8pt}{10pt}\selectfont, language=ys]
+# select all wires that connect a "Q" output with a "D" input
+select c:* %co:+[Q] w:* %i c:* %ci:+[D] w:* %i %i
+
+# select the multiplexer tree that drives the signal 'state'
+select state %ci*:+$mux,$pmux[A,B,Y]
+\end{lstlisting}
+
+\bigskip
+See {\tt help select} for full documentation of this expressions.
+\end{frame}
+
+\subsubsection{Incremental selection}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{\subsubsecname}
+Sometimes a selection can most easily be described by a series of add/delete operations.
+The commands {\tt select -add} and {\tt select -del} respectively add or remove objects
+from the current selection instead of overwriting it.
+
+\medskip
+\begin{lstlisting}[xleftmargin=0.5cm, basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{8pt}{10pt}\selectfont, language=ys]
+select -none # start with an empty selection
+select -add reg_* # select a bunch of objects
+select -del reg_42 # but not this one
+select -add state %ci # and add mor stuff
+\end{lstlisting}
+
+\bigskip
+Within a select expression the token {\tt \%} can be used to push the previous selection
+on the stack.
+
+\medskip
+\begin{lstlisting}[xleftmargin=0.5cm, basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{8pt}{10pt}\selectfont, language=ys]
+select t:$add t:$sub # select all $add and $sub cells
+select % %ci % %d # select only the input wires to those cells
+\end{lstlisting}
+\end{frame}
+
+\subsubsection{Creating selection variables}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{\subsubsecname}
+Selections can be stored under a name with the {\tt select -set <name>}
+command. The stored selections can be used in later select expressions
+using the syntax {\tt @<name>}.
+
+\medskip
+\begin{lstlisting}[xleftmargin=0.5cm, basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{8pt}{10pt}\selectfont, language=ys]
+select -set cone_a state_a %ci*:-$dff # set @cone_a to the input cone of state_a
+select -set cone_b state_b %ci*:-$dff # set @cone_b to the input cone of state_b
+select @cone_a @cone_b %i # select the objects that are in both cones
+\end{lstlisting}
+
+\bigskip
+Remember that select expressions can also be used directly as arguments to most
+commands. Some commands also except a single select argument to some options.
+In those cases selection variables must be used to capture more complex selections.
+
+\medskip
+\begin{lstlisting}[xleftmargin=0.5cm, basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{8pt}{10pt}\selectfont, language=ys]
+dump @cone_a @cone_b
+
+select -set cone_ab @cone_a @cone_b %i
+show -color red @cone_ab -color magenta @cone_a -color blue @cone_b
+\end{lstlisting}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{\subsubsecname{} -- Example}
+\begin{columns}
+\column[t]{4cm}
+\lstinputlisting[basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{6pt}{7pt}\selectfont, language=verilog]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/select.v}
+\column[t]{7cm}
+\lstinputlisting[basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{8pt}{10pt}\selectfont, language=ys, frame=single]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/select.ys}
+\end{columns}
+\hfil\includegraphics[width=\linewidth,trim=0 0cm 0 0cm]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/select.pdf}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsectionpagesuffix
\end{frame}
-\subsubsection{TBD}
+\subsubsection{Introduction to techmap}
+
+\begin{frame}{\subsubsecname}
+\begin{itemize}
+\item
+The {\tt techmap} command replaces cells in the design with implementations given
+as Verilog code (called ``map files''). It can replace Yosys' internal cell
+types (such as {\tt \$or}) as well as user-defined cell types.
+\medskip\item
+Verilog parameters are used extensively to customize the internal cell types.
+\medskip\item
+Additional special parameters are used by techmap to communicate meta-data to the
+map files.
+\medskip\item
+Special wires are used to instruct techmap how to handle a module in the map file.
+\medskip\item
+Generate blocks and recursion are powerful tools for writing map files.
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[t]{\subsubsecname{} -- Example 1/2}
+\vskip-0.2cm
+To map the Verilog OR-reduction operator to 3-input OR gates:
+\vskip-0.2cm
+\begin{columns}
+\column[t]{0.35\linewidth}
+\lstinputlisting[xleftmargin=0.5cm, basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{7pt}{8pt}\selectfont, language=verilog, lastline=24]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/red_or3x1_map.v}
+\column[t]{0.65\linewidth}
+\lstinputlisting[xleftmargin=0.5cm, basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{7pt}{8pt}\selectfont, language=verilog, firstline=25]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/red_or3x1_map.v}
+\end{columns}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[t]{\subsubsecname{} -- Example 2/2}
+\vbox to 0cm{
+\hfil\includegraphics[width=10cm,trim=0 0cm 0 0cm]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/red_or3x1.pdf}
+\vss
+}
+\begin{columns}
+\column[t]{6cm}
+\column[t]{4cm}
+\vskip-0.6cm\lstinputlisting[basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{8pt}{10pt}\selectfont, language=ys, firstline=4, lastline=4, frame=single]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/red_or3x1_test.ys}
+\vskip-0.2cm\lstinputlisting[basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{8pt}{10pt}\selectfont, language=verilog]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/red_or3x1_test.v}
+\end{columns}
+\end{frame}
+
+\subsubsection{Conditional techmap}
+
+\begin{frame}{\subsubsecname}
+\begin{itemize}
+\item In some cases only cells with certain properties should be substituted.
+\medskip
+\item The special wire {\tt \_TECHMAP\_FAIL\_} can be used to disable a module
+in the map file for a certain set of parameters.
+\medskip
+\item The wire {\tt \_TECHMAP\_FAIL\_} must be set to a constant value. If it
+is non-zero then the module is disabled for this set of parameters.
+\medskip
+\item Example use-cases:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item coarse-grain cell types that only operate on certain bit widths
+\item memory resources for different memory geometries (width, depth, ports, etc.)
+\end{itemize}
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[t]{\subsubsecname{} -- Example}
+\vbox to 0cm{
+\vskip-0.5cm
+\hfill\includegraphics[width=6cm,trim=0 0cm 0 0cm]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/sym_mul.pdf}
+\vss
+}
+\vskip-0.5cm
+\lstinputlisting[basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{8pt}{10pt}\selectfont, language=verilog]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/sym_mul_map.v}
+\begin{columns}
+\column[t]{6cm}
+\vskip-0.5cm\lstinputlisting[basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{8pt}{10pt}\selectfont, frame=single, language=verilog]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/sym_mul_test.v}
+\column[t]{4cm}
+\vskip-0.5cm\lstinputlisting[basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{8pt}{10pt}\selectfont, frame=single, language=ys, lastline=4]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/sym_mul_test.ys}
+\end{columns}
+\end{frame}
+
+\subsubsection{Scripting in map modules}
+
+\begin{frame}{\subsubsecname}
+\begin{itemize}
+\item The special wires {\tt \_TECHMAP\_DO\_*} can be used to run Yosys scripts
+in the context of the replacement module.
+\medskip
+\item The wire that comes first in alphabetical oder is interpreted as string (must
+be connected to constants) that is executed as script. Then the wire is removed. Repeat.
+\medskip
+\item You can even call techmap recursively!
+\medskip
+\item Example use-cases:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Using always blocks in map module: call {\tt proc}
+\item Perform expensive optimizations (such as {\tt freduce}) on cells where
+this is known to work well.
+\item Interacting with custom commands.
+\end{itemize}
+\end{itemize}
+
+\scriptsize
+PROTIP: Commands such as {\tt shell}, {\tt show -pause}, and {\tt dump} can be use
+in the {\tt \_TECHMAP\_DO\_*} scripts for debugging map modules.
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[t]{\subsubsecname{} -- Example}
+\vbox to 0cm{
+\vskip4.2cm
+\hskip0.5cm\includegraphics[width=10cm,trim=0 0cm 0 0cm]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/mymul.pdf}
+\vss
+}
+\vskip-0.6cm
+\begin{columns}
+\column[t]{6cm}
+\vskip-0.6cm
+\lstinputlisting[basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{8pt}{10pt}\selectfont, language=verilog]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/mymul_map.v}
+\column[t]{4.2cm}
+\vskip-0.6cm
+\lstinputlisting[basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{8pt}{10pt}\selectfont, frame=single, language=verilog]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/mymul_test.v}
+\lstinputlisting[basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{8pt}{10pt}\selectfont, frame=single, language=ys, lastline=5]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/mymul_test.ys}
+\lstinputlisting[basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{7pt}{8pt}\selectfont, frame=single, language=ys, firstline=7, lastline=12]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/mymul_test.ys}
+\end{columns}
+\end{frame}
+
+\subsubsection{Handling constant inputs}
+
+\begin{frame}{\subsubsecname}
+\begin{itemize}
+\item The special parameters {\tt \_TECHMAP\_CONSTMSK\_\it <port-name>\tt \_} and
+{\tt \_TECHMAP\_CONSTVAL\_\it <port-name>\tt \_} can be used to handle constant
+input values to cells.
+\medskip
+\item The former contains 1-bits for all constant input bits on the port.
+\medskip
+\item The latter contains the constant bits or undef (x) for non-constant bits.
+\medskip
+\item Example use-cases:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Converting arithmetic (for example multiply to shift)
+\item Identify constant addresses or enable bits in memory interfaces.
+\end{itemize}
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[t]{\subsubsecname{} -- Example}
+\vbox to 0cm{
+\vskip5.2cm
+\hskip6.5cm\includegraphics[width=5cm,trim=0 0cm 0 0cm]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/mulshift.pdf}
+\vss
+}
+\vskip-0.6cm
+\begin{columns}
+\column[t]{6cm}
+\vskip-0.4cm
+\lstinputlisting[basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{7pt}{8pt}\selectfont, language=verilog]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/mulshift_map.v}
+\column[t]{4.2cm}
+\vskip-0.6cm
+\lstinputlisting[basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{8pt}{10pt}\selectfont, frame=single, language=verilog]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/mulshift_test.v}
+\lstinputlisting[basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{8pt}{10pt}\selectfont, frame=single, language=ys, lastline=5]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/mulshift_test.ys}
+\end{columns}
+\end{frame}
+
+\subsubsection{Handling shorted inputs}
+
+\begin{frame}{\subsubsecname}
+\begin{itemize}
+\item The special parameters {\tt \_TECHMAP\_BITS\_CONNMAP\_} and
+{\tt \_TECHMAP\_CONNMAP\_\it <port-name>\tt \_} can be used to handle shorted inputs.
+\medskip
+\item Each bit of the port correlates to an {\tt \_TECHMAP\_BITS\_CONNMAP\_} bits wide
+number in {\tt \_TECHMAP\_CONNMAP\_\it <port-name>\tt \_}.
+\medskip
+\item Each unique signal bit is assigned its own number. Identical fields in the {\tt
+\_TECHMAP\_CONNMAP\_\it <port-name>\tt \_} parameters mean shorted signal bits.
+\medskip
+\item The numbers 0-3 are reserved for {\tt 0}, {\tt 1}, {\tt x}, and {\tt z} respectively.
+\medskip
+\item Example use-cases:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Detecting shared clock or control signals in memory interfaces.
+\item In some cases this can be used for for optimization.
+\end{itemize}
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[t]{\subsubsecname{} -- Example}
+\vbox to 0cm{
+\vskip4.5cm
+\hskip6.5cm\includegraphics[width=5cm,trim=0 0cm 0 0cm]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/addshift.pdf}
+\vss
+}
+\vskip-0.6cm
+\begin{columns}
+\column[t]{6cm}
+\vskip-0.4cm
+\lstinputlisting[basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{7pt}{8pt}\selectfont, language=verilog]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/addshift_map.v}
+\column[t]{4.2cm}
+\vskip-0.6cm
+\lstinputlisting[basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{8pt}{10pt}\selectfont, frame=single, language=verilog]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/addshift_test.v}
+\lstinputlisting[basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{8pt}{10pt}\selectfont, frame=single, language=ys, lastline=5]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/addshift_test.ys}
+\end{columns}
+\end{frame}
+
+\subsubsection{Notes on using techmap}
\begin{frame}{\subsubsecname}
-TBD
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Don't use positional cell parameters in map modules.
+\medskip
+\item Don't try to implement basic logic optimization with techmap. \\
+{\small (So the OR-reduce using OR3X1 cells map was actually a bad example.)}
+\medskip
+\item You can use the {\tt \$\_\,\_}-prefix for internal cell types to avoid
+collisions with the user-namespace. But always use two underscores or the
+internal consistency checker will trigger on this cells.
+\medskip
+\item Techmap has two major use cases:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Creating good logic-level representation of arithmetic functions. \\
+This also means using dedicated hardware resources such as half- and full-adder
+cells in ASICS or dedicated carry logic in FPGAs.
+\smallskip
+\item Mapping of coarse-grain resources such as block memory or DSP cells.
+\end{itemize}
+\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsectionpagesuffix
\end{frame}
-\subsubsection{TBD}
+\subsubsection{Intro to coarse-grain synthesis}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{\subsubsecname}
+In coarse-grain synthesis the target architecture has cells of the same
+complexity or larger complexity than the internal RTL representation.
+
+For example:
+\begin{lstlisting}[xleftmargin=0.5cm, basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{8pt}{10pt}\selectfont, language=verilog]
+ wire [15:0] a, b;
+ wire [31:0] c, y;
+ assign y = a * b + c;
+\end{lstlisting}
+
+This circuit contains two cells in the RTL representation: one multiplier and
+one adder. In some architectures this circuit can be implemented using
+a single circuit element, for example an FPGA DSP core. Coarse grain synthesis
+is this mapping of groups of circuit elements to larger components.
+
+\bigskip
+Fine-grain synthesis would be matching the circuit elements to smaller
+components, such as LUTs, gates, or half- and full-adders.
+\end{frame}
+
+\subsubsection{The extract pass}
\begin{frame}{\subsubsecname}
-TBD
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Like the {\tt techmap} pass, the {\tt extract} pass is called with
+a map file. It compares the circuits inside the modules of the map file
+with the design and looks for sub-circuits in the design that match any
+of the modules in the map file.
+\bigskip
+\item If a match is found, the {\tt extract} pass will replace the matching
+subcircuit with an instance of the module from the map file.
+\bigskip
+\item In a way the {\tt extract} pass is the inverse of the techmap pass.
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[t, fragile]{\subsubsecname{} -- Example 1/2}
+\vbox to 0cm{
+\vskip2cm
+\begin{tikzpicture}
+ \node at (0,0) {\includegraphics[width=5cm,trim=1.5cm 1.5cm 1.5cm 1.5cm]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/macc_simple_test_00a.pdf}};
+ \node at (3,-3) {\includegraphics[width=8cm,trim=1.5cm 1.5cm 1.5cm 1.5cm]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/macc_simple_test_00b.pdf}};
+ \draw[yshift=0.2cm,thick,-latex] (1,-1) -- (2,-2);
+\end{tikzpicture}
+\vss}
+\vskip-1.2cm
+\begin{columns}
+\column[t]{5cm}
+\lstinputlisting[basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{8pt}{10pt}\selectfont, language=verilog]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/macc_simple_test.v}
+\column[t]{5cm}
+\lstinputlisting[basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{8pt}{10pt}\selectfont, frame=single, language=verilog]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/macc_simple_xmap.v}
+\begin{lstlisting}[basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{8pt}{10pt}\selectfont, frame=single, language=ys]
+read_verilog macc_simple_test.v
+hierarchy -check -top test
+
+extract -map macc_simple_xmap.v;;
+\end{lstlisting}
+\end{columns}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{\subsubsecname{} -- Example 2/2}
+\hfil\begin{tabular}{cc}
+\fbox{\hbox to 5cm {\lstinputlisting[linewidth=5cm, basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{8pt}{10pt}\selectfont, language=verilog]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/macc_simple_test_01.v}}} &
+\fbox{\hbox to 5cm {\lstinputlisting[linewidth=5cm, basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{8pt}{10pt}\selectfont, language=verilog]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/macc_simple_test_02.v}}} \\
+$\downarrow$ & $\downarrow$ \\
+\fbox{\includegraphics[width=5cm,trim=1.5cm 1.5cm 1.5cm 1.5cm]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/macc_simple_test_01a.pdf}} &
+\fbox{\includegraphics[width=5cm,trim=1.5cm 1.5cm 1.5cm 1.5cm]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/macc_simple_test_02a.pdf}} \\
+$\downarrow$ & $\downarrow$ \\
+\fbox{\includegraphics[width=5cm,trim=1.5cm 1.5cm 1.5cm 1.5cm]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/macc_simple_test_01b.pdf}} &
+\fbox{\includegraphics[width=5cm,trim=1.5cm 1.5cm 1.5cm 1.5cm]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/macc_simple_test_02b.pdf}} \\
+\end{tabular}
+\end{frame}
+
+\subsubsection{The wrap-extract-unwrap method}
+
+\begin{frame}{\subsubsecname}
+\scriptsize
+Often a coarse-grain element has a constant bit-width, but can be used to
+implement operations with a smaller bit-width. For example, a 18x25-bit multiplier
+can also be used to implement 16x20-bit multiplication.
+
+\bigskip
+A way of mapping such elements in coarse grain synthesis is the wrap-extract-unwrap method:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item {\bf wrap} \\
+Identify candidate-cells in the circuit and wrap them in a cell with a constant
+wider bit-width using {\tt techmap}. The wrappers use the same parameters as the original cell, so
+the information about the original width of the ports is preserved. \\
+Then use the {\tt connwrappers} command to connect up the bit-extended in- and
+outputs of the wrapper cells.
+\item {\bf extract} \\
+Now all operations are encoded using the same bit-width as the coarse grain element. The {\tt
+extract} command can be used to replace circuits with cells of the target architecture.
+\item {\bf unwrap} \\
+The remaining wrapper cell can be unwrapped using {\tt techmap}.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\bigskip
+The following sides detail an example that shows how to map MACC operations of
+arbitrary size to MACC cells with a 18x25-bit multiplier and a 48-bit adder (such as
+the Xilinx DSP48 cells).
+\end{frame}
+
+\subsubsection{Example: DSP48\_MACC}
+
+\begin{frame}[t, fragile]{\subsubsecname{} -- 1/13}
+Preconditioning: {\tt macc\_xilinx\_swap\_map.v} \\
+Make sure {\tt A} is the smaller port on all multipliers
+
+\begin{columns}
+\column{5cm}
+\lstinputlisting[basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{7pt}{8pt}\selectfont, language=verilog, lastline=15]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/macc_xilinx_swap_map.v}
+\column{5cm}
+\lstinputlisting[basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{7pt}{8pt}\selectfont, language=verilog, firstline=16]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/macc_xilinx_swap_map.v}
+\end{columns}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[t, fragile]{\subsubsecname{} -- 2/13}
+Wrapping multipliers: {\tt macc\_xilinx\_wrap\_map.v}
+
+\begin{columns}
+\column[t]{5cm}
+\lstinputlisting[basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{7pt}{8pt}\selectfont, language=verilog, lastline=23]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/macc_xilinx_wrap_map.v}
+\column[t]{5cm}
+\lstinputlisting[basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{7pt}{8pt}\selectfont, language=verilog, firstline=24, lastline=46]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/macc_xilinx_wrap_map.v}
+\end{columns}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[t, fragile]{\subsubsecname{} -- 3/13}
+Wrapping adders: {\tt macc\_xilinx\_wrap\_map.v}
+
+\begin{columns}
+\column[t]{5cm}
+\lstinputlisting[basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{7pt}{8pt}\selectfont, language=verilog, firstline=48, lastline=67]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/macc_xilinx_wrap_map.v}
+\column[t]{5cm}
+\lstinputlisting[basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{7pt}{8pt}\selectfont, language=verilog, firstline=68, lastline=89]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/macc_xilinx_wrap_map.v}
+\end{columns}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[t, fragile]{\subsubsecname{} -- 4/13}
+Extract: {\tt macc\_xilinx\_xmap.v}
+
+\lstinputlisting[xleftmargin=0.5cm, basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{7pt}{8pt}\selectfont, language=verilog, firstline=1, lastline=17]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/macc_xilinx_xmap.v}
+
+.. simply use the same wrapping commands on this module as on the design to create a template for the {\tt extract} command.
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[t, fragile]{\subsubsecname{} -- 5/13}
+Unwrapping multipliers: {\tt macc\_xilinx\_unwrap\_map.v}
+
+\begin{columns}
+\column[t]{5cm}
+\lstinputlisting[basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{7pt}{8pt}\selectfont, language=verilog, firstline=1, lastline=17]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/macc_xilinx_unwrap_map.v}
+\column[t]{5cm}
+\lstinputlisting[basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{7pt}{8pt}\selectfont, language=verilog, firstline=18, lastline=30]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/macc_xilinx_unwrap_map.v}
+\end{columns}
\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}[t, fragile]{\subsubsecname{} -- 6/13}
+Unwrapping adders: {\tt macc\_xilinx\_unwrap\_map.v}
+
+\begin{columns}
+\column[t]{5cm}
+\lstinputlisting[basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{7pt}{8pt}\selectfont, language=verilog, firstline=32, lastline=48]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/macc_xilinx_unwrap_map.v}
+\column[t]{5cm}
+\lstinputlisting[basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{7pt}{8pt}\selectfont, language=verilog, firstline=49, lastline=61]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/macc_xilinx_unwrap_map.v}
+\end{columns}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{\subsubsecname{} -- 7/13}
+\hfil\begin{tabular}{cc}
+{\tt test1} & {\tt test2} \\
+\fbox{\hbox to 5cm {\lstinputlisting[linewidth=5cm, basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{8pt}{10pt}\selectfont, firstline=1, lastline=6, language=verilog]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/macc_xilinx_test.v}}} &
+\fbox{\hbox to 5cm {\lstinputlisting[linewidth=5cm, basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{8pt}{10pt}\selectfont, firstline=8, lastline=13, language=verilog]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/macc_xilinx_test.v}}} \\
+$\downarrow$ & $\downarrow$ \\
+\end{tabular}
+\vskip-0.5cm
+\begin{lstlisting}[linewidth=5cm, basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{8pt}{10pt}\selectfont, language=ys]
+ read_verilog macc_xilinx_test.v
+ hierarchy -check
+\end{lstlisting}
+\vskip-0.5cm
+\hfil\begin{tabular}{cc}
+$\downarrow$ & $\downarrow$ \\
+\fbox{\includegraphics[width=5cm,trim=1.5cm 1.5cm 1.5cm 1.5cm]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/macc_xilinx_test1a.pdf}} &
+\fbox{\includegraphics[width=5cm,trim=1.5cm 1.5cm 1.5cm 1.5cm]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/macc_xilinx_test2a.pdf}} \\
+\end{tabular}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{\subsubsecname{} -- 8/13}
+\hfil\begin{tabular}{cc}
+{\tt test1} & {\tt test2} \\
+\fbox{\includegraphics[width=5cm,trim=1.5cm 1.5cm 1.5cm 1.5cm]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/macc_xilinx_test1a.pdf}} &
+\fbox{\includegraphics[width=5cm,trim=1.5cm 1.5cm 1.5cm 1.5cm]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/macc_xilinx_test2a.pdf}} \\
+$\downarrow$ & $\downarrow$ \\
+\end{tabular}
+\vskip-0.2cm
+\begin{lstlisting}[linewidth=5cm, basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{8pt}{10pt}\selectfont, language=ys]
+ techmap -map macc_xilinx_swap_map.v ;;
+\end{lstlisting}
+\vskip-0.2cm
+\hfil\begin{tabular}{cc}
+$\downarrow$ & $\downarrow$ \\
+\fbox{\includegraphics[width=5cm,trim=1.5cm 1.5cm 1.5cm 1.5cm]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/macc_xilinx_test1b.pdf}} &
+\fbox{\includegraphics[width=5cm,trim=1.5cm 1.5cm 1.5cm 1.5cm]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/macc_xilinx_test2b.pdf}} \\
+\end{tabular}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[t, fragile]{\subsubsecname{} -- 9/13}
+Wrapping in {\tt test1}:
+\begin{columns}
+\column[t]{5cm}
+\vbox to 0cm{\fbox{\includegraphics[width=4.5cm,trim=1.5cm 1.5cm 1.5cm 1.5cm]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/macc_xilinx_test1b.pdf}}\vss}
+\column[t]{6cm}
+\begin{lstlisting}[linewidth=5cm, basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{8pt}{10pt}\selectfont, language=ys]
+techmap -map macc_xilinx_wrap_map.v
+
+connwrappers -unsigned $__mul_wrapper \
+ Y Y_WIDTH \
+ -unsigned $__add_wrapper \
+ Y Y_WIDTH ;;
+\end{lstlisting}
+\end{columns}
+
+\vskip1cm
+\hfil\includegraphics[width=\linewidth,trim=1.5cm 1.5cm 1.5cm 1.5cm]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/macc_xilinx_test1c.pdf}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[t, fragile]{\subsubsecname{} -- 10/13}
+Wrapping in {\tt test2}:
+\begin{columns}
+\column[t]{5cm}
+\vbox to 0cm{\fbox{\includegraphics[width=4.5cm,trim=1.5cm 1.5cm 1.5cm 1.5cm]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/macc_xilinx_test2b.pdf}}\vss}
+\column[t]{6cm}
+\begin{lstlisting}[linewidth=5cm, basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{8pt}{10pt}\selectfont, language=ys]
+techmap -map macc_xilinx_wrap_map.v
+
+connwrappers -unsigned $__mul_wrapper \
+ Y Y_WIDTH \
+ -unsigned $__add_wrapper \
+ Y Y_WIDTH ;;
+\end{lstlisting}
+\end{columns}
+
+\vskip1cm
+\hfil\includegraphics[width=\linewidth,trim=1.5cm 1.5cm 1.5cm 1.5cm]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/macc_xilinx_test2c.pdf}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[t, fragile]{\subsubsecname{} -- 11/13}
+Extract in {\tt test1}:
+\begin{columns}
+\column[t]{4.5cm}
+\vbox to 0cm{
+\begin{lstlisting}[linewidth=5cm, basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{8pt}{10pt}\selectfont, language=ys]
+design -push
+read_verilog macc_xilinx_xmap.v
+techmap -map macc_xilinx_swap_map.v
+techmap -map macc_xilinx_wrap_map.v;;
+design -save __macc_xilinx_xmap
+design -pop
+\end{lstlisting}
+\vss}
+\column[t]{5.5cm}
+\vskip-1cm
+\begin{lstlisting}[linewidth=5.5cm, basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{8pt}{10pt}\selectfont, language=ys]
+extract -constports -ignore_parameters \
+ -map %__macc_xilinx_xmap \
+ -swap $__add_wrapper A,B ;;
+\end{lstlisting}
+\vbox to 0cm{\fbox{\includegraphics[width=4.5cm,trim=1.5cm 1.5cm 1.5cm 1.5cm]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/macc_xilinx_test1c.pdf}}\vss}
+\end{columns}
+
+\vskip2cm
+\hfil\includegraphics[width=11cm,trim=1.5cm 1.5cm 1.5cm 1.5cm]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/macc_xilinx_test1d.pdf}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[t, fragile]{\subsubsecname{} -- 12/13}
+Extract in {\tt test2}:
+\begin{columns}
+\column[t]{4.5cm}
+\vbox to 0cm{
+\begin{lstlisting}[linewidth=5cm, basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{8pt}{10pt}\selectfont, language=ys]
+design -push
+read_verilog macc_xilinx_xmap.v
+techmap -map macc_xilinx_swap_map.v
+techmap -map macc_xilinx_wrap_map.v;;
+design -save __macc_xilinx_xmap
+design -pop
+\end{lstlisting}
+\vss}
+\column[t]{5.5cm}
+\vskip-1cm
+\begin{lstlisting}[linewidth=5.5cm, basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{8pt}{10pt}\selectfont, language=ys]
+extract -constports -ignore_parameters \
+ -map %__macc_xilinx_xmap \
+ -swap $__add_wrapper A,B ;;
+\end{lstlisting}
+\vbox to 0cm{\fbox{\includegraphics[width=4.5cm,trim=1.5cm 1.5cm 1.5cm 1.5cm]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/macc_xilinx_test2c.pdf}}\vss}
+\end{columns}
+
+\vskip2cm
+\hfil\includegraphics[width=11cm,trim=1.5cm 1.5cm 1.5cm 1.5cm]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/macc_xilinx_test2d.pdf}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[t, fragile]{\subsubsecname{} -- 13/13}
+Unwrap in {\tt test2}:
+
+\hfil\begin{tikzpicture}
+\node at (0,0) {\includegraphics[width=11cm,trim=1.5cm 1.5cm 1.5cm 1.5cm]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/macc_xilinx_test2d.pdf}};
+\node at (0,-4) {\includegraphics[width=8cm,trim=1.5cm 1.5cm 1.5cm 1.5cm]{PRESENTATION_ExAdv/macc_xilinx_test2e.pdf}};
+\node at (1,-1.7) {\begin{lstlisting}[linewidth=5.5cm, frame=single, basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{8pt}{10pt}\selectfont, language=ys]
+techmap -map macc_xilinx_unwrap_map.v ;;
+\end{lstlisting}};
+\draw[-latex] (4,-0.7) .. controls (5,-1.7) .. (4,-2.7);
+\end{tikzpicture}
+\end{frame}
+
+
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsection{Automatic design changes}
\subsectionpagesuffix
\end{frame}
-\subsubsection{TBD}
+\subsubsection{Changing the design from Yosys}
\begin{frame}{\subsubsecname}
-TBD
+Yosys commands can be used to change the design in memory. Examples of this are:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item {\bf Changes in design hierarchy} \\
+Commands such as {\tt flatten} and {\tt submod} can be used to change the design hierarchy, i.e.
+flatten the hierarchy or moving parts of a module to a submodule. This has applications in synthesis
+scripts as well as in reverse engineering and analysis.
+
+\item {\bf Behavioral changes} \\
+Commands such as {\tt techmap} can be used to make behavioral changes to the design, for example
+changing asynchronous resets to synchronous resets. This has applications in design space exploration
+(evaluation of various architectures for one circuit).
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\subsubsection{Example: Async reset to sync reset}
+
+\begin{frame}[t, fragile]{\subsubsecname}
+The following techmap map file replaces all positive-edge async reset flip-flops with
+positive-edge sync reset flip-flops. The code is taken from the example Yosys script
+for ASIC synthesis of the Amber ARMv2 CPU.
+
+\begin{columns}
+\column[t]{6cm}
+\vbox to 0cm{
+\begin{lstlisting}[basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{8pt}{10pt}\selectfont, language=Verilog]
+(* techmap_celltype = "$adff" *)
+module adff2dff (CLK, ARST, D, Q);
+
+ parameter WIDTH = 1;
+ parameter CLK_POLARITY = 1;
+ parameter ARST_POLARITY = 1;
+ parameter ARST_VALUE = 0;
+
+ input CLK, ARST;
+ input [WIDTH-1:0] D;
+ output reg [WIDTH-1:0] Q;
+
+ wire [1023:0] _TECHMAP_DO_ = "proc";
+
+ wire _TECHMAP_FAIL_ = !CLK_POLARITY || !ARST_POLARITY;
+\end{lstlisting}
+\vss}
+\column[t]{4cm}
+\begin{lstlisting}[basicstyle=\ttfamily\fontsize{8pt}{10pt}\selectfont, language=Verilog]
+// ..continued..
+
+
+ always @(posedge CLK)
+ if (ARST)
+ Q <= ARST_VALUE;
+ else
+ <= D;
+
+endmodule
+\end{lstlisting}
+\end{columns}
+
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\subsection{Summary}
+
+\begin{frame}{\subsecname}
+\begin{itemize}
+\item A lot can be achieved in Yosys just with the standard set of commands.
+\item The commands {\tt techmap} and {\tt extract} can be used to prototype many complex synthesis tasks.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\bigskip
+\bigskip
+\begin{center}
+Questions?
+\end{center}
+
+\bigskip
+\bigskip
+\begin{center}
+\url{http://www.clifford.at/yosys/}
+\end{center}
+\end{frame}
+
projects / yosys.git / blobdiff