-/********************* */
-/*! \file proof_rule.h
- ** \verbatim
- ** Top contributors (to current version):
- ** Haniel Barbosa, Andrew Reynolds
- ** This file is part of the CVC4 project.
- ** Copyright (c) 2009-2020 by the authors listed in the file AUTHORS
- ** in the top-level source directory) and their institutional affiliations.
- ** All rights reserved. See the file COPYING in the top-level source
- ** directory for licensing information.\endverbatim
- **
- ** \brief Proof rule enumeration
- **/
-
-#include "cvc4_private.h"
-
-#ifndef CVC4__EXPR__PROOF_RULE_H
-#define CVC4__EXPR__PROOF_RULE_H
+/******************************************************************************
+ * Top contributors (to current version):
+ * Andrew Reynolds, Haniel Barbosa, Gereon Kremer
+ *
+ * This file is part of the cvc5 project.
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2009-2021 by the authors listed in the file AUTHORS
+ * in the top-level source directory and their institutional affiliations.
+ * All rights reserved. See the file COPYING in the top-level source
+ * directory for licensing information.
+ * ****************************************************************************
+ *
+ * Proof rule enumeration.
+ */
+
+#include "cvc5_private.h"
+
+#ifndef CVC5__EXPR__PROOF_RULE_H
+#define CVC5__EXPR__PROOF_RULE_H
#include <iosfwd>
-namespace CVC4 {
+namespace cvc5 {
/**
* An enumeration for proof rules. This enumeration is analogous to Kind for
// where idr is a MethodId identifier, which determines the kind of rewriter
// to apply, e.g. Rewriter::rewrite.
REWRITE,
+ // ======== Evaluate
+ // Children: none
+ // Arguments: (t)
+ // ----------------------------------------
+ // Conclusion: (= t Evaluator::evaluate(t))
+ // Note this is equivalent to:
+ // (REWRITE t MethodId::RW_EVALUATE)
+ EVALUATE,
// ======== Substitution + Rewriting equality introduction
//
// In this rule, we provide a term t and conclude that it is equal to its
// rewritten form under a (proven) substitution.
//
// Children: (P1:F1, ..., Pn:Fn)
- // Arguments: (t, (ids (idr)?)?)
+ // Arguments: (t, (ids (ida (idr)?)?)?)
// ---------------------------------------------------------------
// Conclusion: (= t t')
// where
// t' is
- // Rewriter{idr}(t*sigma{ids}(Fn)*...*sigma{ids}(F1))
+ // Rewriter{idr}(t*sigma{ids, ida}(Fn)*...*sigma{ids, ida}(F1))
//
// In other words, from the point of view of Skolem forms, this rule
// transforms t to t' by standard substitution + rewriting.
//
- // The argument ids and idr is optional and specify the identifier of the
- // substitution and rewriter respectively to be used. For details, see
- // theory/builtin/proof_checker.h.
+ // The arguments ids, ida and idr are optional and specify the identifier of
+ // the substitution, the substitution application and rewriter respectively to
+ // be used. For details, see theory/builtin/proof_checker.h.
MACRO_SR_EQ_INTRO,
// ======== Substitution + Rewriting predicate introduction
//
// that it rewrites to true under a proven substitution.
//
// Children: (P1:F1, ..., Pn:Fn)
- // Arguments: (F, (ids (idr)?)?)
+ // Arguments: (F, (ids (ida (idr)?)?)?)
// ---------------------------------------------------------------
// Conclusion: F
// where
- // Rewriter{idr}(toWitness(F)*sigma{ids}(Fn)*...*sigma{ids}(F1)) == true
+ // Rewriter{idr}(F*sigma{ids, ida}(Fn)*...*sigma{ids, ida}(F1)) == true
// where ids and idr are method identifiers.
//
- // Notice that we apply rewriting on the witness form of F, meaning that this
- // rule may conclude an F whose Skolem form is justified by the definition of
- // its (fresh) Skolem variables. Furthermore, notice that the rewriting and
- // substitution is applied only within the side condition, meaning the
- // rewritten form of the witness form of F does not escape this rule.
+ // More generally, this rule also holds when:
+ // Rewriter::rewrite(toOriginal(F')) == true
+ // where F' is the result of the left hand side of the equality above. Here,
+ // notice that we apply rewriting on the original form of F', meaning that
+ // this rule may conclude an F whose Skolem form is justified by the
+ // definition of its (fresh) Skolem variables. For example, this rule may
+ // justify the conclusion (= k t) where k is the purification Skolem for t,
+ // e.g. where the original form of k is t.
+ //
+ // Furthermore, notice that the rewriting and substitution is applied only
+ // within the side condition, meaning the rewritten form of the original form
+ // of F does not escape this rule.
MACRO_SR_PRED_INTRO,
// ======== Substitution + Rewriting predicate elimination
//
// rewritten form under a proven substitution.
//
// Children: (P1:F, P2:F1, ..., P_{n+1}:Fn)
- // Arguments: ((ids (idr)?)?)
+ // Arguments: ((ids (ida (idr)?)?)?)
// ----------------------------------------
// Conclusion: F'
// where
// F' is
- // Rewriter{idr}(F*sigma{ids}(Fn)*...*sigma{ids}(F1)).
+ // Rewriter{idr}(F*sigma{ids, ida}(Fn)*...*sigma{ids, ida}(F1)).
// where ids and idr are method identifiers.
//
// We rewrite only on the Skolem form of F, similar to MACRO_SR_EQ_INTRO.
// substitution.
//
// Children: (P1:F, P2:F1, ..., P_{n+1}:Fn)
- // Arguments: (G, (ids (idr)?)?)
+ // Arguments: (G, (ids (ida (idr)?)?)?)
// ----------------------------------------
// Conclusion: G
// where
- // Rewriter{idr}(toWitness(F)*sigma{ids}(Fn)*...*sigma{ids}(F1)) ==
- // Rewriter{idr}(toWitness(G)*sigma{ids}(Fn)*...*sigma{ids}(F1))
+ // Rewriter{idr}(F*sigma{ids, ida}(Fn)*...*sigma{ids, ida}(F1)) ==
+ // Rewriter{idr}(G*sigma{ids, ida}(Fn)*...*sigma{ids, ida}(F1))
//
- // Notice that we apply rewriting on the witness form of F and G, similar to
- // MACRO_SR_PRED_INTRO.
+ // More generally, this rule also holds when:
+ // Rewriter::rewrite(toOriginal(F')) == Rewriter::rewrite(toOriginal(G'))
+ // where F' and G' are the result of each side of the equation above. Here,
+ // original forms are used in a similar manner to MACRO_SR_PRED_INTRO above.
MACRO_SR_PRED_TRANSFORM,
+
+ //================================================= Processing rules
+ // ======== Remove Term Formulas Axiom
+ // Children: none
+ // Arguments: (t)
+ // ---------------------------------------------------------------
+ // Conclusion: RemoveTermFormulas::getAxiomFor(t).
+ REMOVE_TERM_FORMULA_AXIOM,
+
+ //================================================= Trusted rules
+ // ======== Theory lemma
+ // Children: none
+ // Arguments: (F, tid)
+ // ---------------------------------------------------------------
+ // Conclusion: F
+ // where F is a (T-valid) theory lemma generated by theory with TheoryId tid.
+ // This is a "coarse-grained" rule that is used as a placeholder if a theory
+ // did not provide a proof for a lemma or conflict.
+ THEORY_LEMMA,
// ======== Theory Rewrite
// Children: none
- // Arguments: (t, preRewrite?)
+ // Arguments: (F, tid, rid)
// ----------------------------------------
- // Conclusion: (= t t')
- // where
- // t' is the result of applying either a pre-rewrite or a post-rewrite step
- // to t (depending on the second argument).
+ // Conclusion: F
+ // where F is an equality of the form (= t t') where t' is obtained by
+ // applying the kind of rewriting given by the method identifier rid, which
+ // is one of:
+ // { RW_REWRITE_THEORY_PRE, RW_REWRITE_THEORY_POST, RW_REWRITE_EQ_EXT }
+ // Notice that the checker for this rule does not replay the rewrite to ensure
+ // correctness, since theory rewriter methods are not static. For example,
+ // the quantifiers rewriter involves constructing new bound variables that are
+ // not guaranteed to be consistent on each call.
THEORY_REWRITE,
-
- //================================================= Processing rules
- // ======== Preprocess (trusted)
+ // The rules in this section have the signature of a "trusted rule":
+ //
// Children: none
// Arguments: (F)
// ---------------------------------------------------------------
// Conclusion: F
+ //
// where F is an equality of the form t = t' where t was replaced by t'
// based on some preprocessing pass, or otherwise F was added as a new
// assertion by some preprocessing pass.
PREPROCESS,
- // ======== Witness axiom (trusted)
- // Children: none
- // Arguments: (F)
- // ---------------------------------------------------------------
- // Conclusion: F
+ // where F was added as a new assertion by some preprocessing pass.
+ PREPROCESS_LEMMA,
+ // where F is an equality of the form t = Theory::ppRewrite(t) for some
+ // theory. Notice this is a "trusted" rule.
+ THEORY_PREPROCESS,
+ // where F was added as a new assertion by theory preprocessing.
+ THEORY_PREPROCESS_LEMMA,
+ // where F is an equality of the form t = t' where t was replaced by t'
+ // based on theory expand definitions.
+ THEORY_EXPAND_DEF,
// where F is an existential (exists ((x T)) (P x)) used for introducing
// a witness term (witness ((x T)) (P x)).
WITNESS_AXIOM,
- // ======== Remove Term Formulas Axiom
- // Children: none
- // Arguments: (t)
- // ---------------------------------------------------------------
- // Conclusion: RemoveTermFormulas::getAxiomFor(t).
- REMOVE_TERM_FORMULA_AXIOM,
+ // where F is an equality (= t t') that holds by a form of rewriting that
+ // could not be replayed during proof postprocessing.
+ TRUST_REWRITE,
+ // where F is an equality (= t t') that holds by a form of substitution that
+ // could not be replayed during proof postprocessing.
+ TRUST_SUBS,
+ // where F is an equality (= t t') that holds by a form of substitution that
+ // could not be determined by the TrustSubstitutionMap.
+ TRUST_SUBS_MAP,
+ // ========= SAT Refutation for assumption-based unsat cores
+ // Children: (P1, ..., Pn)
+ // Arguments: none
+ // ---------------------
+ // Conclusion: false
+ // Note: P1, ..., Pn correspond to the unsat core determined by the SAT
+ // solver.
+ SAT_REFUTATION,
//================================================= Boolean rules
+ // ======== Resolution
+ // Children:
+ // (P1:C1, P2:C2)
+ // Arguments: (pol, L)
+ // ---------------------
+ // Conclusion: C
+ // where
+ // - C1 and C2 are nodes viewed as clauses, i.e., either an OR node with
+ // each children viewed as a literal or a node viewed as a literal. Note
+ // that an OR node could also be a literal.
+ // - pol is either true or false, representing the polarity of the pivot on
+ // the first clause
+ // - L is the pivot of the resolution, which occurs as is (resp. under a
+ // NOT) in C1 and negatively (as is) in C2 if pol = true (pol = false).
+ // C is a clause resulting from collecting all the literals in C1, minus the
+ // first occurrence of the pivot or its negation, and C2, minus the first
+ // occurrence of the pivot or its negation, according to the policy above.
+ // If the resulting clause has a single literal, that literal itself is the
+ // result; if it has no literals, then the result is false; otherwise it's
+ // an OR node of the resulting literals.
+ //
+ // Note that it may be the case that the pivot does not occur in the
+ // clauses. In this case the rule is not unsound, but it does not correspond
+ // to resolution but rather to a weakening of the clause that did not have a
+ // literal eliminated.
+ RESOLUTION,
+ // ======== N-ary Resolution
+ // Children: (P1:C_1, ..., Pm:C_n)
+ // Arguments: (pol_1, L_1, ..., pol_{n-1}, L_{n-1})
+ // ---------------------
+ // Conclusion: C
+ // where
+ // - let C_1 ... C_n be nodes viewed as clauses, as defined above
+ // - let "C_1 <>_{L,pol} C_2" represent the resolution of C_1 with C_2 with
+ // pivot L and polarity pol, as defined above
+ // - let C_1' = C_1 (from P1),
+ // - for each i > 1, let C_i' = C_{i-1} <>_{L_{i-1}, pol_{i-1}} C_i'
+ // The result of the chain resolution is C = C_n'
+ CHAIN_RESOLUTION,
+ // ======== Factoring
+ // Children: (P:C1)
+ // Arguments: ()
+ // ---------------------
+ // Conclusion: C2
+ // where
+ // Set representations of C1 and C2 is the same and the number of literals in
+ // C2 is smaller than that of C1
+ FACTORING,
+ // ======== Reordering
+ // Children: (P:C1)
+ // Arguments: (C2)
+ // ---------------------
+ // Conclusion: C2
+ // where
+ // Set representations of C1 and C2 are the same and the number of literals
+ // in C2 is the same of that of C1
+ REORDERING,
+ // ======== N-ary Resolution + Factoring + Reordering
+ // Children: (P1:C_1, ..., Pm:C_n)
+ // Arguments: (C, pol_1, L_1, ..., pol_{n-1}, L_{n-1})
+ // ---------------------
+ // Conclusion: C
+ // where
+ // - let C_1 ... C_n be nodes viewed as clauses, as defined in RESOLUTION
+ // - let "C_1 <>_{L,pol} C_2" represent the resolution of C_1 with C_2 with
+ // pivot L and polarity pol, as defined in RESOLUTION
+ // - let C_1' be equal, in its set representation, to C_1 (from P1),
+ // - for each i > 1, let C_i' be equal, it its set representation, to
+ // C_{i-1} <>_{L_{i-1}, pol_{i-1}} C_i'
+ // The result of the chain resolution is C, which is equal, in its set
+ // representation, to C_n'
+ MACRO_RESOLUTION,
+ // As above but not checked
+ MACRO_RESOLUTION_TRUST,
+
// ======== Split
// Children: none
// Arguments: (F)
// Conclusion: (F2)
// Note this can optionally be seen as a macro for EQUIV_ELIM1+RESOLUTION.
EQ_RESOLVE,
+ // ======== Modus ponens
+ // Children: (P1:F1, P2:(=> F1 F2))
+ // Arguments: none
+ // ---------------------
+ // Conclusion: (F2)
+ // Note this can optionally be seen as a macro for IMPLIES_ELIM+RESOLUTION.
+ MODUS_PONENS,
+ // ======== Double negation elimination
+ // Children: (P:(not (not F)))
+ // Arguments: none
+ // ---------------------
+ // Conclusion: (F)
+ NOT_NOT_ELIM,
+ // ======== Contradiction
+ // Children: (P1:F P2:(not F))
+ // Arguments: ()
+ // ---------------------
+ // Conclusion: false
+ CONTRA,
// ======== And elimination
// Children: (P:(and F1 ... Fn))
// Arguments: (i)
// ---------------------
// Conclusion: (or C (not F2))
NOT_ITE_ELIM2,
- // ======== Not ITE elimination version 1
- // Children: (P1:P P2:(not P))
- // Arguments: ()
- // ---------------------
- // Conclusion: (false)
- CONTRA,
//================================================= De Morgan rules
// ======== Not And
// Conclusion: (= F true)
TRUE_INTRO,
// ======== True elim
- // Children: (P:(= F true)
+ // Children: (P:(= F true))
// Arguments: none
// ----------------------------------------
// Conclusion: F
// Conclusion: (= F false)
FALSE_INTRO,
// ======== False elim
- // Children: (P:(= F false)
+ // Children: (P:(= F false))
// Arguments: none
// ----------------------------------------
// Conclusion: (not F)
FALSE_ELIM,
+ // ======== HO trust
+ // Children: none
+ // Arguments: (t)
+ // ---------------------
+ // Conclusion: (= t TheoryUfRewriter::getHoApplyForApplyUf(t))
+ // For example, this rule concludes (f x y) = (HO_APPLY (HO_APPLY f x) y)
+ HO_APP_ENCODE,
+ // ======== Congruence
+ // Children: (P1:(= f g), P2:(= t1 s1), ..., Pn+1:(= tn sn))
+ // Arguments: ()
+ // ---------------------------------------------
+ // Conclusion: (= (f t1 ... tn) (g s1 ... sn))
+ // Notice that this rule is only used when the application kinds are APPLY_UF.
+ HO_CONG,
- //================================================= Quantifiers rules
- // ======== Witness intro
- // Children: (P:F[t])
+ //================================================= Array rules
+ // ======== Read over write
+ // Children: (P:(not (= i1 i2)))
+ // Arguments: ((select (store a i2 e) i1))
+ // ----------------------------------------
+ // Conclusion: (= (select (store a i2 e) i1) (select a i1))
+ ARRAYS_READ_OVER_WRITE,
+ // ======== Read over write, contrapositive
+ // Children: (P:(not (= (select (store a i2 e) i1) (select a i1)))
+ // Arguments: none
+ // ----------------------------------------
+ // Conclusion: (= i1 i2)
+ ARRAYS_READ_OVER_WRITE_CONTRA,
+ // ======== Read over write 1
+ // Children: none
+ // Arguments: ((select (store a i e) i))
+ // ----------------------------------------
+ // Conclusion: (= (select (store a i e) i) e)
+ ARRAYS_READ_OVER_WRITE_1,
+ // ======== Extensionality
+ // Children: (P:(not (= a b)))
+ // Arguments: none
+ // ----------------------------------------
+ // Conclusion: (not (= (select a k) (select b k)))
+ // where k is arrays::SkolemCache::getExtIndexSkolem((not (= a b))).
+ ARRAYS_EXT,
+ // ======== Array Trust
+ // Children: (P1 ... Pn)
+ // Arguments: (F)
+ // ---------------------
+ // Conclusion: F
+ ARRAYS_TRUST,
+
+ //================================================= Bit-Vector rules
+ // Note: bitblast() represents the result of the bit-blasted term as a
+ // bit-vector consisting of the output bits of the bit-blasted circuit
+ // representation of the term. Terms are bit-blasted according to the
+ // strategies defined in
+ // theory/bv/bitblast/bitblast_strategies_template.h.
+ // ======== Bitblast
+ // Children: none
+ // Arguments: (t)
+ // ---------------------
+ // Conclusion: (= t bitblast(t))
+ BV_BITBLAST,
+ // ======== Bitblast Bit-Vector Constant
+ // Children: none
+ // Arguments: (= t bitblast(t))
+ // ---------------------
+ // Conclusion: (= t bitblast(t))
+ BV_BITBLAST_CONST,
+ // ======== Bitblast Bit-Vector Variable
+ // Children: none
+ // Arguments: (= t bitblast(t))
+ // ---------------------
+ // Conclusion: (= t bitblast(t))
+ BV_BITBLAST_VAR,
+ // ======== Bitblast Bit-Vector Terms
+ // TODO cvc4-projects issue #275
+ // Children: none
+ // Arguments: (= (KIND bitblast(child_1) ... bitblast(child_n)) bitblast(t))
+ // ---------------------
+ // Conclusion: (= (KIND bitblast(child_1) ... bitblast(child_n)) bitblast(t))
+ BV_BITBLAST_EQUAL,
+ BV_BITBLAST_ULT,
+ BV_BITBLAST_ULE,
+ BV_BITBLAST_UGT,
+ BV_BITBLAST_UGE,
+ BV_BITBLAST_SLT,
+ BV_BITBLAST_SLE,
+ BV_BITBLAST_SGT,
+ BV_BITBLAST_SGE,
+ BV_BITBLAST_NOT,
+ BV_BITBLAST_CONCAT,
+ BV_BITBLAST_AND,
+ BV_BITBLAST_OR,
+ BV_BITBLAST_XOR,
+ BV_BITBLAST_XNOR,
+ BV_BITBLAST_NAND,
+ BV_BITBLAST_NOR,
+ BV_BITBLAST_COMP,
+ BV_BITBLAST_MULT,
+ BV_BITBLAST_PLUS,
+ BV_BITBLAST_SUB,
+ BV_BITBLAST_NEG,
+ BV_BITBLAST_UDIV,
+ BV_BITBLAST_UREM,
+ BV_BITBLAST_SDIV,
+ BV_BITBLAST_SREM,
+ BV_BITBLAST_SMOD,
+ BV_BITBLAST_SHL,
+ BV_BITBLAST_LSHR,
+ BV_BITBLAST_ASHR,
+ BV_BITBLAST_ULTBV,
+ BV_BITBLAST_SLTBV,
+ BV_BITBLAST_ITE,
+ BV_BITBLAST_EXTRACT,
+ BV_BITBLAST_REPEAT,
+ BV_BITBLAST_ZERO_EXTEND,
+ BV_BITBLAST_SIGN_EXTEND,
+ BV_BITBLAST_ROTATE_RIGHT,
+ BV_BITBLAST_ROTATE_LEFT,
+ // ======== Eager Atom
+ // Children: none
+ // Arguments: (F)
+ // ---------------------
+ // Conclusion: (= F F[0])
+ // where F is of kind BITVECTOR_EAGER_ATOM
+ BV_EAGER_ATOM,
+
+ //================================================= Datatype rules
+ // ======== Unification
+ // Children: (P:(= (C t1 ... tn) (C s1 ... sn)))
+ // Arguments: (i)
+ // ----------------------------------------
+ // Conclusion: (= ti si)
+ // where C is a constructor.
+ DT_UNIF,
+ // ======== Instantiate
+ // Children: none
+ // Arguments: (t, n)
+ // ----------------------------------------
+ // Conclusion: (= ((_ is C) t) (= t (C (sel_1 t) ... (sel_n t))))
+ // where C is the n^th constructor of the type of T, and (_ is C) is the
+ // discriminator (tester) for C.
+ DT_INST,
+ // ======== Collapse
+ // Children: none
+ // Arguments: ((sel_i (C_j t_1 ... t_n)))
+ // ----------------------------------------
+ // Conclusion: (= (sel_i (C_j t_1 ... t_n)) r)
+ // where C_j is a constructor, r is t_i if sel_i is a correctly applied
+ // selector, or TypeNode::mkGroundTerm() of the proper type otherwise. Notice
+ // that the use of mkGroundTerm differs from the rewriter which uses
+ // mkGroundValue in this case.
+ DT_COLLAPSE,
+ // ======== Split
+ // Children: none
// Arguments: (t)
// ----------------------------------------
- // Conclusion: (= t (witness ((x T)) F[x]))
- // where x is a BOUND_VARIABLE unique to the pair F,t.
- WITNESS_INTRO,
+ // Conclusion: (or ((_ is C1) t) ... ((_ is Cn) t))
+ DT_SPLIT,
+ // ======== Clash
+ // Children: (P1:((_ is Ci) t), P2: ((_ is Cj) t))
+ // Arguments: none
+ // ----------------------------------------
+ // Conclusion: false
+ // for i != j.
+ DT_CLASH,
+ // ======== Datatype Trust
+ // Children: (P1 ... Pn)
+ // Arguments: (F)
+ // ---------------------
+ // Conclusion: F
+ DT_TRUST,
+
+ //================================================= Quantifiers rules
+ // ======== Skolem intro
+ // Children: none
+ // Arguments: (k)
+ // ----------------------------------------
+ // Conclusion: (= k t)
+ // where t is the original form of skolem k.
+ SKOLEM_INTRO,
// ======== Exists intro
// Children: (P:F[t])
- // Arguments: (t)
+ // Arguments: ((exists ((x T)) F[x]))
// ----------------------------------------
// Conclusion: (exists ((x T)) F[x])
- // where x is a BOUND_VARIABLE unique to the pair F,t.
+ // This rule verifies that F[x] indeed matches F[t] with a substitution
+ // over x.
EXISTS_INTRO,
// ======== Skolemize
// Children: (P:(exists ((x1 T1) ... (xn Tn)) F))
// Conclusion: F*sigma
// sigma maps x1 ... xn to their representative skolems obtained by
// SkolemManager::mkSkolemize, returned in the skolems argument of that
- // method.
+ // method. Alternatively, can use negated forall as a premise. The witness
+ // terms for the returned skolems can be obtained by
+ // SkolemManager::getWitnessForm.
SKOLEMIZE,
// ======== Instantiate
// Children: (P:(forall ((x1 T1) ... (xn Tn)) F))
// fixed length of component i of the regular expression concatenation R.
RE_UNFOLD_NEG_CONCAT_FIXED,
// ======== Regular expression elimination
- // Children: (P:F)
- // Arguments: none
+ // Children: none
+ // Arguments: (F, b)
// ---------------------
- // Conclusion: R
- // where R = strings::RegExpElimination::eliminate(F).
+ // Conclusion: (= F strings::RegExpElimination::eliminate(F, b))
+ // where b is a Boolean indicating whether we are using aggressive
+ // eliminations. Notice this rule concludes (= F F) if no eliminations
+ // are performed for F.
RE_ELIM,
//======================== Code points
// Children: none
// (not (= (str.code t) (str.code s)))
// (not (= t s)))
STRING_CODE_INJ,
+ //======================== Sequence unit
+ // Children: (P:(= (seq.unit x) (seq.unit y)))
+ // Arguments: none
+ // ---------------------
+ // Conclusion:(= x y)
+ // Also applies to the case where (seq.unit y) is a constant sequence
+ // of length one.
+ STRING_SEQ_UNIT_INJ,
+ // ======== String Trust
+ // Children: none
+ // Arguments: (Q)
+ // ---------------------
+ // Conclusion: (Q)
+ STRING_TRUST,
+
+ //================================================= Arithmetic rules
// ======== Adding Inequalities
// Note: an ArithLiteral is a term of the form (>< poly const)
// where
//
// Arguments: (k1, ..., kn), non-zero reals
// ---------------------
- // Conclusion: (>< (* k t1) (* k t2))
+ // Conclusion: (>< t1 t2)
// where >< is the fusion of the combination of the ><i, (flipping each it
// its ki is negative). >< is always one of <, <=
// NB: this implies that lower bounds must have negative ki,
// and upper bounds must have positive ki.
- // t1 is the sum of the polynomials.
- // t2 is the sum of the constants.
- ARITH_SCALE_SUM_UPPER_BOUNDS,
-
+ // t1 is the sum of the scaled polynomials (k_1 * poly_1 + ... + k_n *
+ // poly_n) t2 is the sum of the scaled constants (k_1 * const_1 + ... + k_n
+ // * const_n)
+ MACRO_ARITH_SCALE_SUM_UB,
+ // ======== Sum Upper Bounds
+ // Children: (P1, ... , Pn)
+ // where each Pi has form (><i, Li, Ri)
+ // for ><i in {<, <=, ==}
+ // Conclusion: (>< L R)
+ // where >< is < if any ><i is <, and <= otherwise.
+ // L is (+ L1 ... Ln)
+ // R is (+ R1 ... Rn)
+ ARITH_SUM_UB,
// ======== Tightening Strict Integer Upper Bounds
// Children: (P:(< i c))
// where i has integer type.
// Conclusion: (Q)
INT_TRUST,
+ //======== Multiplication sign inference
+ // Children: none
+ // Arguments: (f1, ..., fk, m)
+ // ---------------------
+ // Conclusion: (=> (and f1 ... fk) (~ m 0))
+ // Where f1, ..., fk are variables compared to zero (less, greater or not
+ // equal), m is a monomial from these variables, and ~ is the comparison (less
+ // or greater) that results from the signs of the variables. All variables
+ // with even exponent in m should be given as not equal to zero while all
+ // variables with odd exponent in m should be given as less or greater than
+ // zero.
+ ARITH_MULT_SIGN,
+ //======== Multiplication with positive factor
+ // Children: none
+ // Arguments: (m, (rel lhs rhs))
+ // ---------------------
+ // Conclusion: (=> (and (> m 0) (rel lhs rhs)) (rel (* m lhs) (* m rhs)))
+ // Where rel is a relation symbol.
+ ARITH_MULT_POS,
+ //======== Multiplication with negative factor
+ // Children: none
+ // Arguments: (m, (rel lhs rhs))
+ // ---------------------
+ // Conclusion: (=> (and (< m 0) (rel lhs rhs)) (rel_inv (* m lhs) (* m rhs)))
+ // Where rel is a relation symbol and rel_inv the inverted relation symbol.
+ ARITH_MULT_NEG,
+ //======== Multiplication tangent plane
+ // Children: none
+ // Arguments: (t, x, y, a, b, sgn)
+ // ---------------------
+ // Conclusion:
+ // sgn=-1: (= (<= t tplane) (or (and (<= x a) (>= y b)) (and (>= x a) (<= y
+ // b))) sgn= 1: (= (>= t tplane) (or (and (<= x a) (<= y b)) (and (>= x a)
+ // (>= y b)))
+ // Where x,y are real terms (variables or extended terms), t = (* x y)
+ // (possibly under rewriting), a,b are real constants, and sgn is either -1
+ // or 1. tplane is the tangent plane of x*y at (a,b): b*x + a*y - a*b
+ ARITH_MULT_TANGENT,
+
+ // ================ Lemmas for transcendentals
+ //======== Assert bounds on PI
+ // Children: none
+ // Arguments: (l, u)
+ // ---------------------
+ // Conclusion: (and (>= real.pi l) (<= real.pi u))
+ // Where l (u) is a valid lower (upper) bound on pi.
+ ARITH_TRANS_PI,
+
+ //======== Exp at negative values
+ // Children: none
+ // Arguments: (t)
+ // ---------------------
+ // Conclusion: (= (< t 0) (< (exp t) 1))
+ ARITH_TRANS_EXP_NEG,
+ //======== Exp is always positive
+ // Children: none
+ // Arguments: (t)
+ // ---------------------
+ // Conclusion: (> (exp t) 0)
+ ARITH_TRANS_EXP_POSITIVITY,
+ //======== Exp grows super-linearly for positive values
+ // Children: none
+ // Arguments: (t)
+ // ---------------------
+ // Conclusion: (or (<= t 0) (> exp(t) (+ t 1)))
+ ARITH_TRANS_EXP_SUPER_LIN,
+ //======== Exp at zero
+ // Children: none
+ // Arguments: (t)
+ // ---------------------
+ // Conclusion: (= (= t 0) (= (exp t) 1))
+ ARITH_TRANS_EXP_ZERO,
+ //======== Exp is approximated from above for negative values
+ // Children: none
+ // Arguments: (d, t, l, u)
+ // ---------------------
+ // Conclusion: (=> (and (>= t l) (<= t u)) (<= (exp t) (secant exp l u t))
+ // Where d is an even positive number, t an arithmetic term and l (u) a lower
+ // (upper) bound on t. Let p be the d'th taylor polynomial at zero (also
+ // called the Maclaurin series) of the exponential function. (secant exp l u
+ // t) denotes the secant of p from (l, exp(l)) to (u, exp(u)) evaluated at t,
+ // calculated as follows:
+ // (p(l) - p(u)) / (l - u) * (t - l) + p(l)
+ // The lemma states that if t is between l and u, then (exp t) is below the
+ // secant of p from l to u.
+ ARITH_TRANS_EXP_APPROX_ABOVE_NEG,
+ //======== Exp is approximated from above for positive values
+ // Children: none
+ // Arguments: (d, t, l, u)
+ // ---------------------
+ // Conclusion: (=> (and (>= t l) (<= t u)) (<= (exp t) (secant-pos exp l u t))
+ // Where d is an even positive number, t an arithmetic term and l (u) a lower
+ // (upper) bound on t. Let p* be a modification of the d'th taylor polynomial
+ // at zero (also called the Maclaurin series) of the exponential function as
+ // follows where p(d-1) is the regular Maclaurin series of degree d-1:
+ // p* = p(d-1) * (1 + t^n / n!)
+ // (secant-pos exp l u t) denotes the secant of p from (l, exp(l)) to (u,
+ // exp(u)) evaluated at t, calculated as follows:
+ // (p(l) - p(u)) / (l - u) * (t - l) + p(l)
+ // The lemma states that if t is between l and u, then (exp t) is below the
+ // secant of p from l to u.
+ ARITH_TRANS_EXP_APPROX_ABOVE_POS,
+ //======== Exp is approximated from below
+ // Children: none
+ // Arguments: (d, t)
+ // ---------------------
+ // Conclusion: (>= (exp t) (maclaurin exp d t))
+ // Where d is an odd positive number and (maclaurin exp d t) is the d'th
+ // taylor polynomial at zero (also called the Maclaurin series) of the
+ // exponential function evaluated at t. The Maclaurin series for the
+ // exponential function is the following:
+ // e^x = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} x^n / n!
+ ARITH_TRANS_EXP_APPROX_BELOW,
+
+ //======== Sine is always between -1 and 1
+ // Children: none
+ // Arguments: (t)
+ // ---------------------
+ // Conclusion: (and (<= (sin t) 1) (>= (sin t) (- 1)))
+ ARITH_TRANS_SINE_BOUNDS,
+ //======== Sine arg shifted to -pi..pi
+ // Children: none
+ // Arguments: (x, y, s)
+ // ---------------------
+ // Conclusion: (and
+ // (<= -pi y pi)
+ // (= (sin y) (sin x))
+ // (ite (<= -pi x pi) (= x y) (= x (+ y (* 2 pi s))))
+ // )
+ // Where x is the argument to sine, y is a new real skolem that is x shifted
+ // into -pi..pi and s is a new integer skolem that is the number of phases y
+ // is shifted.
+ ARITH_TRANS_SINE_SHIFT,
+ //======== Sine is symmetric with respect to negation of the argument
+ // Children: none
+ // Arguments: (t)
+ // ---------------------
+ // Conclusion: (= (- (sin t) (sin (- t))) 0)
+ ARITH_TRANS_SINE_SYMMETRY,
+ //======== Sine is bounded by the tangent at zero
+ // Children: none
+ // Arguments: (t)
+ // ---------------------
+ // Conclusion: (and
+ // (=> (> t 0) (< (sin t) t))
+ // (=> (< t 0) (> (sin t) t))
+ // )
+ ARITH_TRANS_SINE_TANGENT_ZERO,
+ //======== Sine is bounded by the tangents at -pi and pi
+ // Children: none
+ // Arguments: (t)
+ // ---------------------
+ // Conclusion: (and
+ // (=> (> t -pi) (> (sin t) (- -pi t)))
+ // (=> (< t pi) (< (sin t) (- pi t)))
+ // )
+ ARITH_TRANS_SINE_TANGENT_PI,
+ //======== Sine is approximated from above for negative values
+ // Children: none
+ // Arguments: (d, t, lb, ub, l, u)
+ // ---------------------
+ // Conclusion: (=> (and (>= t lb) (<= t ub)) (<= (sin t) (secant sin l u t))
+ // Where d is an even positive number, t an arithmetic term, lb (ub) a
+ // symbolic lower (upper) bound on t (possibly containing pi) and l (u) the
+ // evaluated lower (upper) bound on t. Let p be the d'th taylor polynomial at
+ // zero (also called the Maclaurin series) of the sine function. (secant sin l
+ // u t) denotes the secant of p from (l, sin(l)) to (u, sin(u)) evaluated at
+ // t, calculated as follows:
+ // (p(l) - p(u)) / (l - u) * (t - l) + p(l)
+ // The lemma states that if t is between l and u, then (sin t) is below the
+ // secant of p from l to u.
+ ARITH_TRANS_SINE_APPROX_ABOVE_NEG,
+ //======== Sine is approximated from above for positive values
+ // Children: none
+ // Arguments: (d, t, c, lb, ub)
+ // ---------------------
+ // Conclusion: (=> (and (>= t lb) (<= t ub)) (<= (sin t) (upper sin c))
+ // Where d is an even positive number, t an arithmetic term, c an arithmetic
+ // constant, and lb (ub) a symbolic lower (upper) bound on t (possibly
+ // containing pi). Let p be the d'th taylor polynomial at zero (also called
+ // the Maclaurin series) of the sine function. (upper sin c) denotes the upper
+ // bound on sin(c) given by p and lb,ub are such that sin(t) is the maximum of
+ // the sine function on (lb,ub).
+ ARITH_TRANS_SINE_APPROX_ABOVE_POS,
+ //======== Sine is approximated from below for negative values
+ // Children: none
+ // Arguments: (d, t, c, lb, ub)
+ // ---------------------
+ // Conclusion: (=> (and (>= t lb) (<= t ub)) (>= (sin t) (lower sin c))
+ // Where d is an even positive number, t an arithmetic term, c an arithmetic
+ // constant, and lb (ub) a symbolic lower (upper) bound on t (possibly
+ // containing pi). Let p be the d'th taylor polynomial at zero (also called
+ // the Maclaurin series) of the sine function. (lower sin c) denotes the lower
+ // bound on sin(c) given by p and lb,ub are such that sin(t) is the minimum of
+ // the sine function on (lb,ub).
+ ARITH_TRANS_SINE_APPROX_BELOW_NEG,
+ //======== Sine is approximated from below for positive values
+ // Children: none
+ // Arguments: (d, t, lb, ub, l, u)
+ // ---------------------
+ // Conclusion: (=> (and (>= t lb) (<= t ub)) (>= (sin t) (secant sin l u t))
+ // Where d is an even positive number, t an arithmetic term, lb (ub) a
+ // symbolic lower (upper) bound on t (possibly containing pi) and l (u) the
+ // evaluated lower (upper) bound on t. Let p be the d'th taylor polynomial at
+ // zero (also called the Maclaurin series) of the sine function. (secant sin l
+ // u t) denotes the secant of p from (l, sin(l)) to (u, sin(u)) evaluated at
+ // t, calculated as follows:
+ // (p(l) - p(u)) / (l - u) * (t - l) + p(l)
+ // The lemma states that if t is between l and u, then (sin t) is above the
+ // secant of p from l to u.
+ ARITH_TRANS_SINE_APPROX_BELOW_POS,
+
+ // ================ CAD Lemmas
+ // We use IRP for IndexedRootPredicate.
+ //
+ // A formula "Interval" describes that a variable (xn is none is given) is
+ // within a particular interval whose bounds are given as IRPs. It is either
+ // an open interval or a point interval:
+ // (IRP k poly) < xn < (IRP k poly)
+ // xn == (IRP k poly)
+ //
+ // A formula "Cell" describes a portion
+ // of the real space in the following form:
+ // Interval(x1) and Interval(x2) and ...
+ // We implicitly assume a Cell to go up to n-1 (and can be empty).
+ //
+ // A formula "Covering" is a set of Intervals, implying that xn can be in
+ // neither of these intervals. To be a covering (of the real line), the union
+ // of these intervals should be the real numbers.
+ // ======== CAD direct conflict
+ // Children (Cell, A)
+ // ---------------------
+ // Conclusion: (false)
+ // A direct interval is generated from an assumption A (in variables x1...xn)
+ // over a Cell (in variables x1...xn). It derives that A evaluates to false
+ // over the Cell. In the actual algorithm, it means that xn can not be in the
+ // topmost interval of the Cell.
+ ARITH_NL_CAD_DIRECT,
+ // ======== CAD recursive interval
+ // Children (Cell, Covering)
+ // ---------------------
+ // Conclusion: (false)
+ // A recursive interval is generated from a Covering (for xn) over a Cell
+ // (in variables x1...xn-1). It generates the conclusion that no xn exists
+ // that extends the Cell and satisfies all assumptions.
+ ARITH_NL_CAD_RECURSIVE,
+
//================================================= Unknown rule
UNKNOWN,
};
size_t operator()(PfRule id) const;
}; /* struct PfRuleHashFunction */
-} // namespace CVC4
+} // namespace cvc5
-#endif /* CVC4__EXPR__PROOF_RULE_H */
+#endif /* CVC5__EXPR__PROOF_RULE_H */
projects / cvc5.git / blobdiff