Fix use-after-free with ResChains

Fix use-after-free with ResChains

This commit fixes an issue where the ResChain in `d_resolutionChains` gets
deleted here:

https://github.com/CVC4/CVC4/blob/master/src/proof/sat_proof_implementation.h#L729

The condition immediately after is false because the condition on line 727 is
true. Thus, `d_resolutionChains` now has a deleted entry for `id`.

When CVC4 afterwards gets the ResChain associated with `id` in
`checkResolution()`, it accesses the deleted entry:

https://github.com/CVC4/CVC4/blob/master/src/proof/sat_proof_implementation.h#L303