[proof-new] Expanding MACRO_RESOLUTION in post-processing (#5755)

[proof-new] Expanding MACRO_RESOLUTION in post-processing (#5755)

Breaks down resolution, factoring and reordering. The hardest part of this process is making getting rid of the so-called "crowding literals", i.e., duplicate literals introduced during the series of resolutions and removed implicitly by the SAT solver. A naive removal via addition of premises to the chain resolution can lead to exponential behavior, so instead the removal is done by breaking the resolution and applying a factoring step midway through. This guarantees non-exponential behavior.