Track inference id for pending facts in strings (#4331)

Track inference id for pending facts in strings (#4331)

This improves our tracking of pending inferences in strings so that we record pending inferences as a triple (id, fact, exp). This will ensure that proof steps can be constructed at the time we decide to process facts. It also inlines the sendInfer method into sendInference for simplicity.

This also improves the policy for reference counting facts and their explanations: we add them to d_keep when they are added to the equality engine. Previously, we were adding them when they were registered as pending. This means we would collect facts in this pending set that were added but later abandoned, which is unnecessary.