Avoid circular dependencies for justifying reductions in strings extf eval (#4415)

Avoid circular dependencies for justifying reductions in strings extf eval (#4415)

An incorrect answer of "sat" could be found after 8 seconds on the given benchmark (with --strings-fmf) due to a circular justification for why an extended function was reduced. In particular, we ran checkExtfInference on the same term twice and then marked it as reduced since we had already seen it. This makes the code more conservative.

Notice I'm making the code doubly conservative in case there is any chance for duplication again (e.g. if ExtTheory provides duplicate terms).