Fix `STRINGS_ARRAY_NTH_UPDATE` inference (#8121)

Fix `STRINGS_ARRAY_NTH_UPDATE` inference (#8121)

Our `STRINGS_ARRAY_NTH_UPDATE` inference was missing an explanation that
establishes the relation between the update and the nth term. On the
current set of benchmarks, this does not cause an issue, but there
should be cases where it does. The commit also changes the array core solver
to take better advantage of `d_indexMap`.