Adding listeners to Options.

Adding listeners to Options.
- Options
-- Added the new option attribute :notify. One can get a notify() call on the Listener after a the option's value is updated. This is the new preferred way to achieve dynamic dispatch for options.
-- Removed SmtOptionsHandler and pushed its functionality into OptionsHandler and Listeners.
-- Added functions to Options for registering listeners of the notify calls.
-- Changed a number of options to use the new listener infrastructure.
-- Fixed a number of warnings in options.
-- Added the ArgumentExtender class to better capture how arguments are inserted while parsing options and ease memory management. Previously this was the "preemptGetopt" procedure.
-- Moved options/options_handler_interface.{cpp,h} to options/options_handler.{cpp,h}.

- Theories
-- Reimplemented alternative theories to use a datastructure stored on TheoryEngine instead of on Options.

- Ostream Handling:
-- Added new functionality that generalized how ostreams are opened, options/open_stream.h.
-- Simplified the memory management for different ostreams, smt/managed_ostreams.h.
-- Had the SmtEnginePrivate manage the memory for the ostreams set by options.
-- Simplified how the setting of ostreams are updated, smt/update_ostream.h.

- Configuration and Tags:
-- Configuration can now be used during predicates and handlers for options.
-- Moved configuration.{cpp,h,i} and configuration_private.h from util/ into base/.
-- Moved {Debug,Trace}_tags.* from being generated in options/ into base/.

- cvc4_private.h
-- Upgraded #warning's in cvc4_private.h and cvc4_private_library.h to #error's.
-- Added public first-order (non-templatized) member functions for options get and set the value of options outside of libcvc4. Fixed all of the use locations.
-- Made lib/lib/clock_gettime.h a cvc4_private_library.h header.

- Antlr
-- Fixed antlr and cvc4 macro definition conflicts that caused warnings.

- SmtGlobals
-- Refactored replayStream and replayLog out of SmtGlobals.
-- Renamed SmtGlobals to LemmaChannels and moved the implementation into smt_util/lemma_channels.{h,cpp}.