gdbsupport: add debug assertions in gdb::optional::get

gdbsupport: add debug assertions in gdb::optional::get

The libstdc++ version of optional contains some runtime checks enabled
when _GLIBCXX_DEBUG is defined.  I think it would be useful if our
version contained similar checks.

Add checks in the two `get` methods, also conditional on _GLIBCXX_DEBUG.
I think it's simpler to use that macro rather than introducing a new
GDB-specific one, as I think that if somebody is interested in enabling
these runtime checks, they'll also be interested in enabling the
libstdc++ runtime checks (and vice-versa).

I implemented these checks using gdb_assert.  Note that gdb_assert
throws (after querying the user), and we are in noexcept methods.  That
means that std::terminate / abort will immediately be called.  I think
this is ok, since if those were "real" _GLIBCXX_DEBUG checks, abort
would be called straight away.

If I add a dummy failure, it looks like so:

    $ ./gdb -q -nx --data-directory=data-directory
    /home/simark/src/binutils-gdb/gdb/../gdbsupport/gdb_optional.h:206: internal-error: T& gdb::optional<T>::get() [with T = int]: Assertion `this->has_value ()' failed.
    A problem internal to GDB has been detected,
    further debugging may prove unreliable.
    Quit this debugging session? (y or n) n
    [1]    658767 abort (core dumped)  ./gdb -q -nx --data-directory=data-directory

Change-Id: Iadfdcd131425bd2ca6a2de30d7b22e9b3cc67793