gdb: Replace operator new / operator new[]

gdb: Replace operator new / operator new[]

If xmalloc fails allocating memory, usually because something tried a
huge allocation, like xmalloc(-1) or some such, GDB asks the user what
to do:

  .../src/gdb/utils.c:1079: internal-error: virtual memory exhausted.
  A problem internal to GDB has been detected,
  further debugging may prove unreliable.
  Quit this debugging session? (y or n)

If the user says "n", that throws a QUIT exception, which is caught by
one of the multiple CATCH(RETURN_MASK_ALL) blocks somewhere up the
stack.

The default implementations of operator new / operator new[] call
malloc directly, and on memory allocation failure throw
std::bad_alloc.  Currently, if that happens, since nothing catches it,
the exception escapes out of main, and GDB aborts from unhandled
exception.

This patch replaces the default operator new variants with versions
that, just like xmalloc:

 #1 - Raise an internal-error on memory allocation failure.

 #2 - Throw a QUIT gdb_exception, so that the exact same CATCH blocks
      continue handling memory allocation problems.

A minor complication of #2 is that operator new can _only_ throw
std::bad_alloc, or something that extends it:

  void* operator new (std::size_t size) throw (std::bad_alloc);

That means that if we let a gdb QUIT exception escape from within
operator new, the C++ runtime aborts due to unexpected exception
thrown.

So to bridge the gap, this patch adds a new gdb_quit_bad_alloc
exception type that inherits both std::bad_alloc and gdb_exception,
and throws _that_.

If we decide that we should be catching memory allocation errors in
fewer places than all the places we currently catch them (everywhere
we use RETURN_MASK_ALL currently), then we could change operator new
to throw plain std::bad_alloc then.  But I'm considering such a change
as separate matter from this one -- it'd make sense to do the same to
xmalloc at the same time, for instance.

Meanwhile, this allows using new/new[] instead of xmalloc/XNEW/etc.
without losing the "virtual memory exhausted" internal-error
safeguard.

Tested on x86_64 Fedora 23.

gdb/ChangeLog:
2016-09-23  Pedro Alves  <palves@redhat.com>

	* Makefile.in (SFILES): Add common/new-op.c.
	(COMMON_OBS): Add common/new-op.o.
	(new-op.o): New rule.
	* common/common-exceptions.h: Include <new>.
	(struct gdb_quit_bad_alloc): New type.
	* common/new-op.c: New file.

gdb/gdbserver/ChangeLog:
2016-09-23  Pedro Alves  <palves@redhat.com>

	* Makefile.in (SFILES): Add common/new-op.c.
	(OBS): Add common/new-op.o.
	(new-op.o): New rule.