Improve combination of NRA and transcendentals (#8075)

Improve combination of NRA and transcendentals (#8075)

This PR tackles two issues when combining transcendental reasoning with nonlinear arithmetic.
Firstly, the NRAT logic would inadvertently have transcendental reasoning disabled because we only checked for integers. This simply adds an additional check at the end to enforce transcendental reasoning if necessary.
Secondly, we assert that we never add multiple substitutions for the same variable. This weakens the check to allow add the very same substitution multiple times.
Fixes #7984.