Fix race in background index-cache writing

Fix race in background index-cache writing

Tom de Vries pointed out a bug in the index-cache background writer --
sometimes it will fail.  He also noted that it fails when the number
of worker threads is set to zero.  These turn out to be the same
problem -- the cache can't be written to until the per-BFD's
"index_table" member is set.

This patch avoids the race by rearranging the code slightly, to ensure
the cache cannot possibly be written before the member is set.

Bug: https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=30261