This commit merges into trunk the branch branches/arithmetic/integers2 from r2650...

This commit merges into trunk the branch branches/arithmetic/integers2 from r2650 to r2779.
- This excludes revision 2777.  This revision had some strange performance implications and was delaying the merge.
- This includes the new DioSolver. The DioSolver can discover conflicts, produce substitutions, and produce cuts.
- The DioSolver can be disabled at command line using --disable-dio-solver.
- This includes a number of changes to the arithmetic normal form.
- The Integer class features a number of new number theoretic function.
- This commit includes a few rather loud warning. I will do my best to take care of them today.