Copy lazy string handling fixes from Python.

Copy lazy string handling fixes from Python.

This patch keeps the Scheme side of lazy string handling in sync
with the python size, bringing over fixes for
PRs python/17728, python/18439, python/18779.

gdb/ChangeLog:

	* guile/scm-lazy-string.c (lazy_string_smob): Clarify use of LENGTH
	member.  Change type of TYPE member to SCM.  All uses updated.
	(lsscm_make_lazy_string_smob): Add assert.
	(lsscm_make_lazy_string): Flag bad length values.
	(lsscm_elt_type): New function.
	(gdbscm_lazy_string_to_value): Rewrite to use
	lsscm_safe_lazy_string_to_value.
	(lsscm_safe_lazy_string_to_value): Fix handling of TYPE_CODE_PTR.
	* guile/scm-value.c (gdbscm_value_to_lazy_string): Flag bad length
	values.  Fix TYPE_CODE_PTR.  Handle TYPE_CODE_ARRAY.  Handle typedefs
	in incoming type.
	* guile/guile-internal.h (tyscm_scm_to_type): Declare.
	* guile/scm-type.c (tyscm_scm_to_type): New function.

gdb/testsuite/ChangeLog:

	* gdb.guile/scm-value.c (main) Delete locals sptr, sn.
	* gdb.guile/scm-lazy-string.c: New file.
	* gdb.guile/scm-value.exp: Move lazy string tests to ...
	* gdb.guile/scm-lazy-string.exp: ... here, new file.  Add more tests
	for pointer, array, typedef lazy strings.