Add cardinality class definition (#6302)

Add cardinality class definition (#6302)

This is work towards correcting our computation of whether a type is finite. Currently, arrays/functions with uninterpreted sorts as element/range types are always considered infinite. This is incorrect if finite model finding is enabled, since the interpretation of the uninterpreted sort can be one. This leads to errors during model building due to exhausted values (#4260, #6100).

This PR adds a new concept of a cardinality class, which is required for properly categorizing types with/without finite model finding.

A followup PR will replace TypeNode::isFinite with TypeNode::getCardinalityClass. Calls to TypeNode::isFinite will be replaced by calls to TheoryState::isTypeFinite, which will properly take cardinality classes into account.