Implement --no-strings-lazy-pp as a preprocessing pass (#5777)

Implement --no-strings-lazy-pp as a preprocessing pass (#5777)

This option eliminates extended functions in strings eagerly. This was incorrectly done at ppRewrite previously, which should not add lemmas. Instead, this makes this technique into a preprocessing pass. To do this, the interface for the strings preprocessor was cleaned to have fewer dependencies, and made to track a cache internally.

Fixes #5608, fixes #5745, fixes #5767, fixes #5771, fixes #5406.