Generate `enum` bindings for Python and Java (#8393)

Generate `enum` bindings for Python and Java (#8393)

This commit generalizes the generation of bindings for enums to include
enums in cvc5_types.h. The commit only generates the bindings, but
does not use them yet (e.g., do add an argument to
Solver::blockModels()). The generated Java bindings already respect
the C++ namespace whereas the Python bindings require a minor
restructuring to make the namespaces work (i.e., instead of cvc5kinds,
we should have cvc5.api.kinds).