</p></div></div></div><hr /></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="book"><a href="manual/index.html">The GNU C++ Library Manual</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="part"><a href="manual/intro.html">I.
Introduction
-</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="manual/status.html">1. Status</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/status.html#manual.intro.status.iso">Implementation Status</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/status.html#status.iso.1998">C++ 1998/2003</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/status.html#iso.1998.status">Implementation Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/status.html#iso.1998.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/status.html#status.iso.2011">C++ 2011</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/status.html#iso.2011.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/status.html#status.iso.2014">C++ 2014</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/status.html#status.iso.2017">C++ 2017</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/status.html#iso.2017.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/status.html#iso.2017.par2ts">Parallelism 2 TS</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/status.html#status.iso.2020">C++ 2020</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/status.html#status.iso.tr1">C++ TR1</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/status.html#iso.tr1.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/status.html#status.iso.tr24733">C++ TR 24733</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/status.html#status.iso.specfun">C++ IS 29124</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/status.html#iso.specfun.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/license.html">License</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/license.html#manual.intro.status.license.gpl">The Code: GPL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/license.html#manual.intro.status.license.fdl">The Documentation: GPL, FDL</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/bugs.html">Bugs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/bugs.html#manual.intro.status.bugs.impl">Implementation Bugs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/bugs.html#manual.intro.status.bugs.iso">Standard Bugs</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="manual/setup.html">2. Setup</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/setup.html#manual.intro.setup.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/configure.html">Configure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/make.html">Make</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="manual/using.html">3. Using</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using.html#manual.intro.using.flags">Command Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_headers.html">Headers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.all">Header Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.mixing">Mixing Headers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.cheaders">The C Headers and <code class="code">namespace std</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.pre">Precompiled Headers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_macros.html">Macros</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_dual_abi.html">Dual ABI</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_dual_abi.html#manual.intro.using.abi.trouble">Troubleshooting</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_namespaces.html">Namespaces</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.all">Available Namespaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.std">namespace std</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.comp">Using Namespace Composition</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_dynamic_or_shared.html">Linking</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.freestanding">Almost Nothing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.dynamic">Finding Dynamic or Shared Libraries</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.experimental">Experimental Library Extensions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_concurrency.html">Concurrency</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.thread_safety">Thread Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.atomics">Atomics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.io">IO</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.structure">Structure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.defaults">Defaults</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.future">Future</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.alt">Alternatives</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.containers">Containers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_exceptions.html">Exceptions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.safety">Exception Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.propagating">Exception Neutrality</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.no">Doing without</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.compat">Compatibility</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_exceptions.html#using.exception.compat.c">With <code class="literal">C</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_exceptions.html#using.exception.compat.posix">With <code class="literal">POSIX</code> thread cancellation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/debug.html">Debugging Support</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/debug.html#debug.compiler">Using <span class="command"><strong>g++</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/debug.html#debug.req">Debug Versions of Library Binary Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/debug.html#debug.memory">Memory Leak Hunting</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/debug.html#debug.memory.mtalloc">Non-memory leaks in Pool and MT allocators</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/debug.html#debug.races">Data Race Hunting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/debug.html#debug.gdb">Using <span class="command"><strong>gdb</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/debug.html#debug.exceptions">Tracking uncaught exceptions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/debug.html#debug.debug_mode">Debug Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/debug.html#debug.compile_time_checks">Compile Time Checking</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="manual/std_contents.html">II.
+</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="manual/status.html">1. Status</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/status.html#manual.intro.status.iso">Implementation Status</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/status.html#status.iso.1998">C++ 1998/2003</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/status.html#iso.1998.status">Implementation Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/status.html#iso.1998.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/status.html#status.iso.2011">C++ 2011</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/status.html#iso.2011.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/status.html#status.iso.2014">C++ 2014</a></span></dt><d
d><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/status.html#iso.2014.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/status.html#iso.2014.filesystemts">Filesystem TS</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/status.html#status.iso.2017">C++ 2017</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/status.html#iso.2017.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/status.html#iso.2017.par2ts">Parallelism 2 TS</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/status.html#status.iso.2020">C++ 2020</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/status.html#status.iso.tr1">C++ TR1</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/status.html#iso.tr1.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/status.html#status.iso.tr24733">C++ TR 24733</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/status.html#status.iso.specfun">C++ IS 29124</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/status.html#iso.specfun.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/license.html">License</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/license.html#manual.intro.status.license.gpl">The Code: GPL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/license.html#manual.intro.status.license.fdl">The Documentation: GPL, FDL</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/bugs.html">Bugs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/bugs.html#manual.intro.status.bugs.impl">Implementation Bugs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/bugs.html#manual.intro.status.bugs.iso">Standard Bugs</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="manual/setup.html">2. Setup</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/setup.html#manual.intro.setup.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/configure.html">Configure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/make.html">Make</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="manual/using.html">3. Using</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using.html#manual.intro.using.flags">Command Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_headers.html">Headers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.all">Header Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.mixing">Mixing Headers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.cheaders">The C Headers and <code class="code">namespace std</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.pre">Precompiled Headers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_macros.html">Macros</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_dual_abi.html">Dual ABI</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_dual_abi.html#manual.intro.using.abi.trouble">Troubleshooting</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_namespaces.html">Namespaces</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.all">Available Namespaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.std">namespace std</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.comp">Using Namespace Composition</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_dynamic_or_shared.html">Linking</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.freestanding">Almost Nothing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.dynamic">Finding Dynamic or Shared Libraries</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.experimental">Experimental Library Extensions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_concurrency.html">Concurrency</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.thread_safety">Thread Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.atomics">Atomics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.io">IO</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.structure">Structure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.defaults">Defaults</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.future">Future</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.alt">Alternatives</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.containers">Containers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_exceptions.html">Exceptions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.safety">Exception Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.propagating">Exception Neutrality</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.no">Doing without</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.compat">Compatibility</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_exceptions.html#using.exception.compat.c">With <code class="literal">C</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/using_exceptions.html#using.exception.compat.posix">With <code class="literal">POSIX</code> thread cancellation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/debug.html">Debugging Support</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/debug.html#debug.compiler">Using <span class="command"><strong>g++</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/debug.html#debug.req">Debug Versions of Library Binary Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/debug.html#debug.memory">Memory Leak Hunting</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/debug.html#debug.memory.mtalloc">Non-memory leaks in Pool and MT allocators</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/debug.html#debug.races">Data Race Hunting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/debug.html#debug.gdb">Using <span class="command"><strong>gdb</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/debug.html#debug.exceptions">Tracking uncaught exceptions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/debug.html#debug.debug_mode">Debug Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="manual/debug.html#debug.compile_time_checks">Compile Time Checking</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="manual/std_contents.html">II.
Standard Contents
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="manual/support.html">4.
Support
</p></div></div><hr /></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="part"><a href="intro.html">I.
Introduction
-</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="status.html">1. Status</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#manual.intro.status.iso">Implementation Status</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.1998">C++ 1998/2003</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.1998.status">Implementation Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.1998.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2011">C++ 2011</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2011.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2014">C++ 2014</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2017">C++ 2017</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2017.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2017.par2ts">Parallelism 2 TS</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2020">C++ 2020</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.tr1">C++ TR1</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.tr1.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.tr24733">C++ TR 24733</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.specfun">C++ IS 29124</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.specfun.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html">License</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html#manual.intro.status.license.gpl">The Code: GPL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html#manual.intro.status.license.fdl">The Documentation: GPL, FDL</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html">Bugs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html#manual.intro.status.bugs.impl">Implementation Bugs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html#manual.intro.status.bugs.iso">Standard Bugs</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="setup.html">2. Setup</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="setup.html#manual.intro.setup.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="configure.html">Configure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="make.html">Make</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="using.html">3. Using</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using.html#manual.intro.using.flags">Command Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html">Headers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.all">Header Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.mixing">Mixing Headers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.cheaders">The C Headers and <code class="code">namespace std</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.pre">Precompiled Headers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_macros.html">Macros</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dual_abi.html">Dual ABI</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dual_abi.html#manual.intro.using.abi.trouble">Troubleshooting</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html">Namespaces</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.all">Available Namespaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.std">namespace std</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.comp">Using Namespace Composition</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html">Linking</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.freestanding">Almost Nothing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.dynamic">Finding Dynamic or Shared Libraries</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.experimental">Experimental Library Extensions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html">Concurrency</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.thread_safety">Thread Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.atomics">Atomics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.io">IO</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.structure">Structure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.defaults">Defaults</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.future">Future</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.alt">Alternatives</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.containers">Containers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html">Exceptions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.safety">Exception Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.propagating">Exception Neutrality</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.no">Doing without</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.compat">Compatibility</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#using.exception.compat.c">With <code class="literal">C</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#using.exception.compat.posix">With <code class="literal">POSIX</code> thread cancellation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html">Debugging Support</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.compiler">Using <span class="command"><strong>g++</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.req">Debug Versions of Library Binary Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.memory">Memory Leak Hunting</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.memory.mtalloc">Non-memory leaks in Pool and MT allocators</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.races">Data Race Hunting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.gdb">Using <span class="command"><strong>gdb</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.exceptions">Tracking uncaught exceptions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.debug_mode">Debug Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.compile_time_checks">Compile Time Checking</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="std_contents.html">II.
+</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="status.html">1. Status</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#manual.intro.status.iso">Implementation Status</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.1998">C++ 1998/2003</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.1998.status">Implementation Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.1998.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2011">C++ 2011</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2011.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2014">C++ 2014</a></span></dt><d
d><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2014.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2014.filesystemts">Filesystem TS</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2017">C++ 2017</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2017.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2017.par2ts">Parallelism 2 TS</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2020">C++ 2020</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.tr1">C++ TR1</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.tr1.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.tr24733">C++ TR 24733</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.specfun">C++ IS 29124</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.specfun.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html">License</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html#manual.intro.status.license.gpl">The Code: GPL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html#manual.intro.status.license.fdl">The Documentation: GPL, FDL</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html">Bugs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html#manual.intro.status.bugs.impl">Implementation Bugs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html#manual.intro.status.bugs.iso">Standard Bugs</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="setup.html">2. Setup</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="setup.html#manual.intro.setup.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="configure.html">Configure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="make.html">Make</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="using.html">3. Using</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using.html#manual.intro.using.flags">Command Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html">Headers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.all">Header Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.mixing">Mixing Headers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.cheaders">The C Headers and <code class="code">namespace std</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.pre">Precompiled Headers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_macros.html">Macros</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dual_abi.html">Dual ABI</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dual_abi.html#manual.intro.using.abi.trouble">Troubleshooting</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html">Namespaces</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.all">Available Namespaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.std">namespace std</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.comp">Using Namespace Composition</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html">Linking</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.freestanding">Almost Nothing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.dynamic">Finding Dynamic or Shared Libraries</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.experimental">Experimental Library Extensions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html">Concurrency</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.thread_safety">Thread Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.atomics">Atomics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.io">IO</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.structure">Structure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.defaults">Defaults</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.future">Future</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.alt">Alternatives</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.containers">Containers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html">Exceptions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.safety">Exception Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.propagating">Exception Neutrality</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.no">Doing without</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.compat">Compatibility</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#using.exception.compat.c">With <code class="literal">C</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#using.exception.compat.posix">With <code class="literal">POSIX</code> thread cancellation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html">Debugging Support</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.compiler">Using <span class="command"><strong>g++</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.req">Debug Versions of Library Binary Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.memory">Memory Leak Hunting</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.memory.mtalloc">Non-memory leaks in Pool and MT allocators</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.races">Data Race Hunting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.gdb">Using <span class="command"><strong>gdb</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.exceptions">Tracking uncaught exceptions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.debug_mode">Debug Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.compile_time_checks">Compile Time Checking</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="std_contents.html">II.
Standard Contents
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="support.html">4.
Support
</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="index.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">The GNU C++ Library Manual</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="status.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="part"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="manual.intro"></a>Part I.Â
Introduction
<a id="id-1.3.3.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a>
-</h1></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="status.html">1. Status</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#manual.intro.status.iso">Implementation Status</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.1998">C++ 1998/2003</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.1998.status">Implementation Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.1998.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2011">C++ 2011</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2011.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2014">C++ 2014</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2017">C++ 2017</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2017.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2017.par2ts">Parallelism 2 TS</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2020">C++ 2020</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.tr1">C++ TR1</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.tr1.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.tr24733">C++ TR 24733</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.specfun">C++ IS 29124</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.specfun.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html">License</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html#manual.intro.status.license.gpl">The Code: GPL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html#manual.intro.status.license.fdl">The Documentation: GPL, FDL</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html">Bugs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html#manual.intro.status.bugs.impl">Implementation Bugs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html#manual.intro.status.bugs.iso">Standard Bugs</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="setup.html">2. Setup</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="setup.html#manual.intro.setup.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="configure.html">Configure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="make.html">Make</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="using.html">3. Using</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using.html#manual.intro.using.flags">Command Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html">Headers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.all">Header Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.mixing">Mixing Headers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.cheaders">The C Headers and <code class="code">namespace std</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.pre">Precompiled Headers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_macros.html">Macros</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dual_abi.html">Dual ABI</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dual_abi.html#manual.intro.using.abi.trouble">Troubleshooting</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html">Namespaces</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.all">Available Namespaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.std">namespace std</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.comp">Using Namespace Composition</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html">Linking</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.freestanding">Almost Nothing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.dynamic">Finding Dynamic or Shared Libraries</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.experimental">Experimental Library Extensions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html">Concurrency</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.thread_safety">Thread Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.atomics">Atomics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.io">IO</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.structure">Structure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.defaults">Defaults</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.future">Future</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.alt">Alternatives</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.containers">Containers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html">Exceptions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.safety">Exception Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.propagating">Exception Neutrality</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.no">Doing without</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.compat">Compatibility</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#using.exception.compat.c">With <code class="literal">C</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#using.exception.compat.posix">With <code class="literal">POSIX</code> thread cancellation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html">Debugging Support</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.compiler">Using <span class="command"><strong>g++</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.req">Debug Versions of Library Binary Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.memory">Memory Leak Hunting</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.memory.mtalloc">Non-memory leaks in Pool and MT allocators</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.races">Data Race Hunting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.gdb">Using <span class="command"><strong>gdb</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.exceptions">Tracking uncaught exceptions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.debug_mode">Debug Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.compile_time_checks">Compile Time Checking</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="index.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="index.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="status.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">The GNU C++ Library Manual </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Chapter 1. Status</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
+</h1></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="status.html">1. Status</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#manual.intro.status.iso">Implementation Status</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.1998">C++ 1998/2003</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.1998.status">Implementation Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.1998.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2011">C++ 2011</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2011.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2014">C++ 2014</a></span></dt><d
d><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2014.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2014.filesystemts">Filesystem TS</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2017">C++ 2017</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2017.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2017.par2ts">Parallelism 2 TS</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2020">C++ 2020</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.tr1">C++ TR1</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.tr1.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.tr24733">C++ TR 24733</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.specfun">C++ IS 29124</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.specfun.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html">License</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html#manual.intro.status.license.gpl">The Code: GPL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html#manual.intro.status.license.fdl">The Documentation: GPL, FDL</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html">Bugs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html#manual.intro.status.bugs.impl">Implementation Bugs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html#manual.intro.status.bugs.iso">Standard Bugs</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="setup.html">2. Setup</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="setup.html#manual.intro.setup.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="configure.html">Configure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="make.html">Make</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="using.html">3. Using</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using.html#manual.intro.using.flags">Command Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html">Headers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.all">Header Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.mixing">Mixing Headers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.cheaders">The C Headers and <code class="code">namespace std</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.pre">Precompiled Headers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_macros.html">Macros</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dual_abi.html">Dual ABI</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a 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href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.experimental">Experimental Library Extensions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html">Concurrency</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.thread_safety">Thread Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.atomics">Atomics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.io">IO</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.structure">Structure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.defaults">Defaults</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a 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+</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="license.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="chapter"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="manual.intro.status"></a>Chapter 1. Status</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#manual.intro.status.iso">Implementation Status</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.1998">C++ 1998/2003</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.1998.status">Implementation Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.1998.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2011">C++ 2011</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2011.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2014">C++ 2014</a></span></dt><d
d><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2014.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2014.filesystemts">Filesystem TS</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2017">C++ 2017</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2017.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2017.par2ts">Parallelism 2 TS</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2020">C++ 2020</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.tr1">C++ TR1</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.tr1.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.tr24733">C++ TR 24733</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.specfun">C++ IS 29124</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.specfun.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html">License</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html#manual.intro.status.license.gpl">The Code: GPL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html#manual.intro.status.license.fdl">The Documentation: GPL, FDL</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html">Bugs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html#manual.intro.status.bugs.impl">Implementation Bugs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html#manual.intro.status.bugs.iso">Standard Bugs</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="manual.intro.status.iso"></a>Implementation Status</h2></div></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="status.iso.1998"></a>C++ 1998/2003</h3></div></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="iso.1998.status"></a>Implementation Status</h4></div></div></div><p>
This status table is based on the table of contents of ISO/IEC 14882:2003.
</p><p>
This section describes the C++ support in mainline GCC, not in any
Link with
<a class="link" href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.experimental" title="Experimental Library Extensions">
<code class="option">-lstdc++fs</code></a>
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="status.iso.2017"></a>C++ 2017</h3></div></div></div><p>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="iso.2014.specific"></a>Implementation Specific Behavior</h4></div></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title"><a id="iso.2014.filesystemts"></a>Filesystem TS</h5></div></div></div><p>
+ <span class="emphasis"><em>2.1 POSIX conformance [fs.conform.9945]</em></span>
+ The behavior of the filesystem library implementation will depend on
+ the target operating system. Some features will not be supported
+ on some targets. Symbolic links and file permissions
+ are not supported on Windows.
+ </p><p>
+ <span class="emphasis"><em>15.30 Rename [fs.op.rename]</em></span>
+ On Windows, <code class="code">experimental::filesystem::rename</code>
+ is implemented by calling <code class="code">MoveFileExW</code> and so
+ does not meet the requirements of POSIX <code class="code">rename</code>
+ when one or both of the paths resolves to an existing directory.
+ Specifically, it is possible to rename a directory so it replaces
+ a non-directory (POSIX requires an error in that case),
+ and it is not possible to rename a directory to replace another
+ directory (POSIX requires that to work if the directory being
+ replaced is empty).
+ </p></div></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="status.iso.2017"></a>C++ 2017</h3></div></div></div><p>
In this implementation the <code class="literal">-std=gnu++17</code> or
<code class="literal">-std=c++17</code> flag must be used to enable language
and library
<span class="emphasis"><em>30.10.2.1 [fs.conform.9945]</em></span>
The behavior of the filesystem library implementation will depend on
the target operating system. Some features will not be supported
- on some targets.
+ on some targets. Symbolic links and file permissions
+ are not supported on Windows.
</p><p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>30.10.5 [fs.filesystem.syn]</em></span>
The clock used for file times is an unspecified type
</p><p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>30.10.15.4 [fs.op.file_size]</em></span>
If <code class="code">!is_regular_file(p)</code>, an error is reported.
- </p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title"><a id="iso.2017.par2ts"></a>Parallelism 2 TS</h5></div></div></div><p>
+ </p><p>
+ <span class="emphasis"><em>30.10.15.32 [fs.op.rename]</em></span>
+ On Windows, <code class="code">filesystem::rename</code>
+ is implemented by calling <code class="code">MoveFileExW</code> and so
+ does not meet the requirements of POSIX <code class="code">rename</code>
+ when one or both of the paths resolves to an existing directory.
+ Specifically, it is not possible to rename a directory to replace another
+ directory (POSIX requires that to work if the directory being
+ replaced is empty).
+ </p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title"><a id="iso.2017.par2ts"></a>Parallelism 2 TS</h5></div></div></div><p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>9.3 [parallel.simd.abi]</em></span>
<code class="code">max_fixed_size<T></code> is 32, except when targetting
AVX512BW and <code class="code">sizeof(T)</code> is 1.
</entry>
</row>
-
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
+<section xml:id="iso.2014.specific" xreflabel="Implementation Specific"><info><title>Implementation Specific Behavior</title></info>
+
+ <section xml:id="iso.2014.filesystemts" xreflabel="Implementation Specific Behavior of the Filesystem TS"><info><title>Filesystem TS</title></info>
+ <para>
+ <emphasis>2.1 POSIX conformance [fs.conform.9945]</emphasis>
+ The behavior of the filesystem library implementation will depend on
+ the target operating system. Some features will not be supported
+ on some targets. Symbolic links and file permissions
+ are not supported on Windows.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ <emphasis>15.30 Rename [fs.op.rename]</emphasis>
+ On Windows, <code>experimental::filesystem::rename</code>
+ is implemented by calling <code>MoveFileExW</code> and so
+ does not meet the requirements of POSIX <code>rename</code>
+ when one or both of the paths resolves to an existing directory.
+ Specifically, it is possible to rename a directory so it replaces
+ a non-directory (POSIX requires an error in that case),
+ and it is not possible to rename a directory to replace another
+ directory (POSIX requires that to work if the directory being
+ replaced is empty).
+ </para>
+ </section>
+</section>
+
</section>
<emphasis>30.10.2.1 [fs.conform.9945]</emphasis>
The behavior of the filesystem library implementation will depend on
the target operating system. Some features will not be supported
- on some targets.
+ on some targets. Symbolic links and file permissions
+ are not supported on Windows.
</para>
<para>
If <code>!is_regular_file(p)</code>, an error is reported.
</para>
+ <para>
+ <emphasis>30.10.15.32 [fs.op.rename]</emphasis>
+ On Windows, <code>filesystem::rename</code>
+ is implemented by calling <code>MoveFileExW</code> and so
+ does not meet the requirements of POSIX <code>rename</code>
+ when one or both of the paths resolves to an existing directory.
+ Specifically, it is not possible to rename a directory to replace another
+ directory (POSIX requires that to work if the directory being
+ replaced is empty).
+ </para>
+
+
<section xml:id="iso.2017.par2ts" xreflabel="Implementation Specific Behavior of the Parallelism 2 TS"><info><title>Parallelism 2 TS</title></info>
<para>
void
fs::rename(const path& from, const path& to, error_code& ec) noexcept
{
+#if _GLIBCXX_FILESYSTEM_IS_WINDOWS
+ const auto to_status = fs::status(to, ec);
+ if (to_status.type() == file_type::not_found)
+ ec.clear();
+ else if (ec)
+ return;
+
+ if (fs::exists(to_status))
+ {
+ const auto from_status = fs::status(from, ec);
+ if (ec)
+ return;
+
+ if (fs::is_directory(to_status))
+ {
+ if (!fs::is_directory(from_status))
+ {
+ // Cannot rename a non-directory over an existing directory.
+ ec = std::make_error_code(std::errc::is_a_directory);
+ return;
+ }
+ }
+ else if (fs::is_directory(from_status))
+ {
+ // Cannot rename a directory over an existing non-directory.
+ ec = std::make_error_code(std::errc::not_a_directory);
+ return;
+ }
+ }
+#endif
if (posix::rename(from.c_str(), to.c_str()))
ec.assign(errno, std::generic_category());
else
#endif
inline int rename(const wchar_t* oldname, const wchar_t* newname)
- { return _wrename(oldname, newname); }
+ {
+ if (MoveFileExW(oldname, newname,
+ MOVEFILE_REPLACE_EXISTING | MOVEFILE_COPY_ALLOWED))
+ return 0;
+ if (GetLastError() == ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED)
+ errno = EACCES;
+ else
+ errno = EIO;
+ return -1;
+ }
inline int truncate(const wchar_t* path, _off64_t length)
{
--- /dev/null
+// Copyright (C) 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+//
+// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library. This library is free
+// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+// Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
+// any later version.
+
+// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+// with this library; see the file COPYING3. If not see
+// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+// { dg-options "-std=gnu++17" }
+// { dg-do run { target c++17 } }
+// { dg-require-filesystem-ts "" }
+
+#include <filesystem>
+#include <testsuite_hooks.h>
+#include <testsuite_fs.h>
+
+namespace fs = std::filesystem;
+
+void
+test01()
+{
+ std::error_code ec;
+ const std::error_code bad_ec = make_error_code(std::errc::invalid_argument);
+
+ auto p1 = __gnu_test::nonexistent_path();
+ auto p2 = __gnu_test::nonexistent_path();
+
+ fs::rename(p1, p2, ec);
+ VERIFY( ec );
+
+ ec.clear();
+ fs::rename(p1, "", ec);
+ VERIFY( ec );
+
+ ec.clear();
+ fs::rename("", p1, ec);
+ VERIFY( ec );
+
+ ec = bad_ec;
+ std::ofstream{p1}; // create file
+ fs::rename(p1, p1, ec); // no-op
+ VERIFY( !ec );
+ VERIFY( is_regular_file(p1) );
+
+ ec.clear();
+ rename(p2, p1, ec);
+ VERIFY( ec );
+ VERIFY( ec.value() == ENOENT );
+ VERIFY( is_regular_file(p1) );
+
+ ec = bad_ec;
+ fs::rename(p1, p2, ec);
+ VERIFY( !ec );
+ VERIFY( !exists(p1) );
+ VERIFY( is_regular_file(p2) );
+
+ ec = bad_ec;
+ std::ofstream{p1}; // create file
+ fs::rename(p1, p2, ec);
+ VERIFY( !ec );
+ VERIFY( !exists(p1) );
+ VERIFY( is_regular_file(p2) );
+
+ fs::remove(p2, ec);
+}
+
+void
+test_symlinks()
+{
+#if defined(__MINGW32__) || defined(__MINGW64__)
+ // No symlink support
+#else
+ std::error_code ec;
+ const std::error_code bad_ec = make_error_code(std::errc::invalid_argument);
+
+ const auto dir = __gnu_test::nonexistent_path();
+ fs::create_directory(dir);
+
+ create_symlink(dir/"nonesuch", dir/"link"); // dangling symlink
+ ec = bad_ec;
+ fs::rename(dir/"link", dir/"newlink", ec);
+ VERIFY( !ec );
+ VERIFY( !exists(symlink_status(dir/"link")) );
+ VERIFY( is_symlink(dir/"newlink") );
+
+ __gnu_test::scoped_file f(dir/"file");
+ create_symlink(dir/"file", dir/"link");
+ ec = bad_ec;
+ fs::rename(dir/"link", dir/"newerlink", ec);
+ VERIFY( !ec );
+ VERIFY( !exists(symlink_status(dir/"link")) );
+ VERIFY( is_symlink(dir/"newerlink") );
+ VERIFY( is_regular_file(dir/"file") );
+
+ fs::remove_all(dir, ec);
+ f.path.clear();
+#endif
+}
+
+void
+test_directories()
+{
+ std::error_code ec;
+ const std::error_code bad_ec = make_error_code(std::errc::invalid_argument);
+
+ const auto dir = __gnu_test::nonexistent_path();
+ fs::create_directory(dir);
+ __gnu_test::scoped_file f(dir/"file");
+ fs::create_directory(dir/"subdir");
+
+ // Rename directory.
+ ec = bad_ec;
+ fs::rename(dir/"subdir", dir/"subdir2", ec);
+ VERIFY( !ec );
+ VERIFY( is_directory(dir/"subdir2") );
+ VERIFY( !exists(dir/"subdir") );
+
+ // Cannot rename a directory to a sub-directory of itself.
+ fs::rename(dir/"subdir2", dir/"subdir2/subsubdir", ec);
+ VERIFY( ec );
+ VERIFY( is_directory(dir/"subdir2") );
+ VERIFY( !exists(dir/"subdir2"/"subsubdir") );
+
+ // Cannot rename a file to the name of an existing directory.
+ ec.clear();
+ fs::rename(dir/"file", dir/"subdir2", ec);
+ VERIFY( ec );
+ VERIFY( is_directory(dir/"subdir2") );
+ VERIFY( is_regular_file(dir/"file") );
+
+ // Cannot rename a directory to the name of an existing non-directory
+ ec.clear();
+ fs::rename(dir/"subdir2", dir/"file", ec);
+ VERIFY( ec );
+ VERIFY( is_regular_file(dir/"file") );
+ VERIFY( is_directory(dir/"subdir2") );
+
+ // Cannot rename directory to the name of a non-empty directory.
+ ec.clear();
+ __gnu_test::scoped_file f2(dir/"subdir2/file");
+ fs::create_directory(dir/"subdir");
+ fs::rename(dir/"subdir", dir/"subdir2", ec);
+ VERIFY( ec );
+ VERIFY( is_directory(dir/"subdir") );
+ VERIFY( is_directory(dir/"subdir2") );
+ VERIFY( is_regular_file(dir/"subdir2/file") );
+
+#if defined(__MINGW32__) || defined(__MINGW64__)
+ // Cannot rename a directory to an existing directory
+#else
+ // Can rename a non-empty directory to the name of an empty directory.
+ ec = bad_ec;
+ fs::rename(dir/"subdir2", dir/"subdir", ec);
+ VERIFY( !ec );
+ VERIFY( is_directory(dir/"subdir") );
+ VERIFY( !exists(dir/"subdir2") );
+ VERIFY( is_regular_file(dir/"subdir/file") );
+#endif
+
+ f2.path.clear();
+ f.path.clear();
+
+ fs::remove_all(dir, ec);
+}
+
+int
+main()
+{
+ test01();
+ test_symlinks();
+ test_directories();
+}
--- /dev/null
+// Copyright (C) 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+//
+// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library. This library is free
+// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+// Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
+// any later version.
+
+// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+// with this library; see the file COPYING3. If not see
+// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+// { dg-options "-DUSE_FILESYSTEM_TS -lstdc++fs" }
+// { dg-do run { target c++11 } }
+// { dg-require-filesystem-ts "" }
+
+#include <experimental/filesystem>
+#include <testsuite_hooks.h>
+#include <testsuite_fs.h>
+
+namespace fs = std::experimental::filesystem;
+
+void
+test01()
+{
+ std::error_code ec;
+ const std::error_code bad_ec = make_error_code(std::errc::invalid_argument);
+
+ auto p1 = __gnu_test::nonexistent_path();
+ auto p2 = __gnu_test::nonexistent_path();
+
+ fs::rename(p1, p2, ec);
+ VERIFY( ec );
+
+ ec.clear();
+ fs::rename(p1, "", ec);
+ VERIFY( ec );
+
+ ec.clear();
+ fs::rename("", p1, ec);
+ VERIFY( ec );
+
+ ec = bad_ec;
+ std::ofstream{p1}; // create file
+ fs::rename(p1, p1, ec); // no-op
+ VERIFY( !ec );
+ VERIFY( is_regular_file(p1) );
+
+ ec.clear();
+ rename(p2, p1, ec);
+ VERIFY( ec );
+ VERIFY( is_regular_file(p1) );
+
+ ec = bad_ec;
+ fs::rename(p1, p2, ec);
+ VERIFY( !ec );
+ VERIFY( !exists(p1) );
+ VERIFY( is_regular_file(p2) );
+
+ ec = bad_ec;
+ std::ofstream{p1}; // create file
+ fs::rename(p1, p2, ec);
+ VERIFY( !ec );
+ VERIFY( !exists(p1) );
+ VERIFY( is_regular_file(p2) );
+
+ fs::remove(p2, ec);
+}
+
+void
+test_symlinks()
+{
+#if defined(__MINGW32__) || defined(__MINGW64__)
+ // No symlink support
+#else
+ std::error_code ec;
+ const std::error_code bad_ec = make_error_code(std::errc::invalid_argument);
+
+ const auto dir = __gnu_test::nonexistent_path();
+ fs::create_directory(dir);
+
+ create_symlink(dir/"nonesuch", dir/"link"); // dangling symlink
+ ec = bad_ec;
+ fs::rename(dir/"link", dir/"newlink", ec);
+ VERIFY( !ec );
+ VERIFY( !exists(symlink_status(dir/"link")) );
+ VERIFY( is_symlink(dir/"newlink") );
+
+ __gnu_test::scoped_file f(dir/"file");
+ create_symlink(dir/"file", dir/"link");
+ ec = bad_ec;
+ fs::rename(dir/"link", dir/"newerlink", ec);
+ VERIFY( !ec );
+ VERIFY( !exists(symlink_status(dir/"link")) );
+ VERIFY( is_symlink(dir/"newerlink") );
+ VERIFY( is_regular_file(dir/"file") );
+
+ fs::remove_all(dir, ec);
+ f.path.clear();
+#endif
+}
+
+void
+test_directories()
+{
+ std::error_code ec;
+ const std::error_code bad_ec = make_error_code(std::errc::invalid_argument);
+
+ const auto dir = __gnu_test::nonexistent_path();
+ fs::create_directory(dir);
+ __gnu_test::scoped_file f(dir/"file");
+ fs::create_directory(dir/"subdir");
+
+ // Rename directory.
+ ec = bad_ec;
+ fs::rename(dir/"subdir", dir/"subdir2", ec);
+ VERIFY( !ec );
+ VERIFY( is_directory(dir/"subdir2") );
+ VERIFY( !exists(dir/"subdir") );
+
+ // Cannot rename a directory to a sub-directory of itself.
+ fs::rename(dir/"subdir2", dir/"subdir2/subsubdir", ec);
+ VERIFY( ec );
+ VERIFY( is_directory(dir/"subdir2") );
+ VERIFY( !exists(dir/"subdir2"/"subsubdir") );
+
+ // Cannot rename a file to the name of an existing directory.
+ ec.clear();
+ fs::rename(dir/"file", dir/"subdir2", ec);
+ VERIFY( ec );
+ VERIFY( is_directory(dir/"subdir2") );
+ VERIFY( is_regular_file(dir/"file") );
+
+#if defined(__MINGW32__) || defined(__MINGW64__)
+ // XXX broken on Windows, see PR 98985
+#else
+ // Cannot rename a directory to the name of an existing non-directory
+ ec.clear();
+ fs::rename(dir/"subdir2", dir/"file", ec);
+ VERIFY( ec );
+ VERIFY( is_regular_file(dir/"file") );
+ VERIFY( is_directory(dir/"subdir2") );
+
+ // Cannot rename directory to the name of a non-empty directory.
+ ec.clear();
+ __gnu_test::scoped_file f2(dir/"subdir2/file");
+ fs::create_directory(dir/"subdir");
+ fs::rename(dir/"subdir", dir/"subdir2", ec);
+ VERIFY( ec );
+ VERIFY( is_directory(dir/"subdir") );
+ VERIFY( is_directory(dir/"subdir2") );
+ VERIFY( is_regular_file(dir/"subdir2/file") );
+
+ // Can rename a non-empty directory to the name of an empty directory.
+ ec = bad_ec;
+ fs::rename(dir/"subdir2", dir/"subdir", ec);
+ VERIFY( !ec );
+ VERIFY( is_directory(dir/"subdir") );
+ VERIFY( !exists(dir/"subdir2") );
+ VERIFY( is_regular_file(dir/"subdir/file") );
+ f2.path.clear();
+
+ f.path.clear();
+#endif
+
+ fs::remove_all(dir, ec);
+}
+
+int
+main()
+{
+ test01();
+ test_symlinks();
+ test_directories();
+}
projects / gcc.git / commitdiff