@tex
@finalout
@end tex
-
+@smallbook
@setchapternewpage odd
@c if m680x0
@c @settitle Using GNU as (680x0)
Whatever the object file is called, @code{as} will overwrite any
existing file of the same name.
-@subsection Fold Data Segment into Text Segment: @code{-R}
+@subsection Data Segment into Text Segment: @code{-R}
@code{-R} tells @code{as} to write the object file as if all
data-segment data lives in the text segment. This is only done at
the very last moment: your binary data are the same, but data
@section Constants
A constant is a number, written so that its value is known by
inspection, without knowing any context. Like this:
-@example
+@smallexample
.byte 74, 0112, 092, 0x4A, 0X4a, 'J, '\J # All the same value.
.ascii "Ring the bell\7" # A string constant.
.octa 0x123456789abcdef0123456789ABCDEF0 # A bignum.
.float 0f-314159265358979323846264338327\
95028841971.693993751E-40 # - pi, a flonum.
-@end example
+@end smallexample
@menu
* Characters:: Character Constants
quit also. One day @code{.abort} will not be supported.
@node Align, App-File, Abort, Pseudo Ops
-@section @code{.align @var{absolute-expression} , @var{absolute-expression}}
+@section @code{.align @var{abs-expression} , @var{abs-expression}}
Pad the location counter (in the current subsegment) to a particular
-storage boundary. The first expression is the number of low-order zero
-bits the location counter will have after advancement. For example
-@samp{.align 3} will advance the location counter until it a multiple of
-8. If the location counter is already a multiple of 8, no change is
-needed.
+storage boundary. The first expression (which must be absolute) is the
+number of low-order zero bits the location counter will have after
+advancement. For example @samp{.align 3} will advance the location
+counter until it a multiple of 8. If the location counter is already a
+multiple of 8, no change is needed.
-The second expression gives the value to be stored in the padding
-bytes. It (and the comma) may be omitted. If it is omitted, the
-padding bytes are zero.
+The second expression (also absolute) gives the value to be stored in
+the padding bytes. It (and the comma) may be omitted. If it is
+omitted, the padding bytes are zero.
@node App-File, Ascii, Align, Pseudo Ops
@section @code{.app-file @var{string}}
to zero.
@node Desc, Double, Data, Pseudo Ops
-@section @code{.desc @var{symbol}, @var{absolute-expression}}
+@section @code{.desc @var{symbol}, @var{abs-expression}}
This directive sets the descriptor of the symbol (@pxref{Symbol Attributes})
-to the low 16 bits of @var{absolute-expression}.
+to the low 16 bits of an absolute expression.
@node Double, Else, Desc, Pseudo Ops
@section @code{.double @var{flonums}}
for compatibility with existing assembler programs. @refill
@node List, Long, Ln, Pseudo Ops
-@section @code{.list}, @code{.nolist}, @code{.eject}, @code{.lflags}, @code{.title}, @code{.sbttl}
-GNU @code{as} ignores these directives; however, they're
-accepted for compatibility with assemblers that use them.
+@section @code{.list} and related directives
+GNU @code{as} ignores the directives @code{.list}, @code{.nolist},
+@code{.eject}, @code{.lflags}, @code{.title}, @code{.sbttl}; however,
+they're accepted for compatibility with assemblers that use them.
@node Long, Lsym, List, Pseudo Ops
@section @code{.long @var{expressions}}
@end ifinfo
@page
-@unnumberedsec Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
+@unnumberedsec How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to humanity, the best way to achieve this is to make it
school, if any, to sign a ``copyright disclaimer'' for the program, if
necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
-@example
+@smallexample
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the
program `Gnomovision' (a program to direct compilers to make passes
at assemblers) written by James Hacker.
@var{signature of Ty Coon}, 1 April 1989
Ty Coon, President of Vice
-@end example
+@end smallexample
That's all there is to it!