From: Andrew Burgess Date: Thu, 23 Mar 2023 12:12:38 +0000 (+0000) Subject: gdb: add support for %V to printf command X-Git-Url: https://git.libre-soc.org/?a=commitdiff_plain;h=901682e4a4270fbd40ed4bfab0571c98d19c6557;p=binutils-gdb.git gdb: add support for %V to printf command This commit adds a new format for the printf and dprintf commands: '%V'. This new format takes any GDB expression and formats it as a string, just as GDB would for a 'print' command, e.g.: (gdb) print a1 $a = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20} (gdb) printf "%V\n", a1 {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20} (gdb) It is also possible to pass the same options to %V as you might pass to the print command, e.g.: (gdb) print -elements 3 -- a1 $4 = {2, 4, 6...} (gdb) printf "%V[-elements 3]\n", a1 {2, 4, 6...} (gdb) This new feature would effectively replace an existing feature of GDB, the $_as_string builtin convenience function. However, the $_as_string function has a few problems which this new feature solves: 1. $_as_string doesn't currently work when the inferior is not running, e.g: (gdb) printf "%s", $_as_string(a1) You can't do that without a process to debug. (gdb) The reason for this is that $_as_string returns a value object with string type. When we try to print this we call value_as_address, which ends up trying to push the string into the inferior's address space. Clearly we could solve this problem, the string data exists in GDB, so there's no reason why we have to push it into the inferior, but this is an existing problem that would need solving. 2. $_as_string suffers from the fact that C degrades arrays to pointers, e.g.: (gdb) printf "%s\n", $_as_string(a1) 0x404260 (gdb) The implementation of $_as_string is passed a gdb.Value object that is a pointer, it doesn't understand that it's actually an array. Solving this would be harder than issue #1 I think. The whole array to pointer transformation is part of our expression evaluation. And in most cases this is exactly what we want. It's not clear to me how we'd (easily) tell GDB that we didn't want this reduction in _some_ cases. But I'm sure this is solvable if we really wanted to. 3. $_as_string is a gdb.Function sub-class, and as such is passed gdb.Value objects. There's no super convenient way to pass formatting options to $_as_string. By this I mean that the new %V feature supports print formatting options. Ideally, we might want to add this feature to $_as_string, we might imagine it working something like: (gdb) printf "%s\n", $_as_string(a1, elements = 3, array_indexes = True) where the first item is the value to print, while the remaining options are the print formatting options. However, this relies on Python calling syntax, which isn't something that convenience functions handle. We could possibly rely on strictly positional arguments, like: (gdb) printf "%s\n", $_as_string(a1, 3, 1) But that's clearly terrible as there's far more print formatting options, and if you needed to set the 9th option you'd need to fill in all the previous options. And right now, the only way to pass these options to a gdb.Function is to have GDB first convert them all into gdb.Value objects, which is really overkill for what we want. The new %V format solves all these problems: the string is computed and printed entirely on the GDB side, we are able to print arrays as actual arrays rather than pointers, and we can pass named format arguments. Finally, the $_as_string is sold in the manual as allowing users to print the string representation of flag enums, so given: enum flags { FLAG_A = (1 << 0), FLAG_B = (1 << 1), FLAG_C = (1 << 1) }; enum flags ff = FLAG_B; We can: (gdb) printf "%s\n", $_as_string(ff) FLAG_B This works just fine with %V too: (gdb) printf "%V\n", ff FLAG_B So all functionality of $_as_string is replaced by %V. I'm not proposing to remove $_as_string, there might be users currently depending on it, but I am proposing that we don't push $_as_string in the documentation. As %V is a feature of printf, GDB's dprintf breakpoints naturally gain access to this feature too. dprintf breakpoints can be operated in three different styles 'gdb' (use GDB's printf), 'call' (call a function in the inferior), or 'agent' (perform the dprintf on the remote). The use of '%V' will work just fine when dprintf-style is 'gdb'. When dprintf-style is 'call' the format string and arguments are passed to an inferior function (printf by default). In this case GDB doesn't prevent use of '%V', but the documentation makes it clear that support for '%V' will depend on the inferior function being called. I chose this approach because the current implementation doesn't place any restrictions on the format string when operating in 'call' style. That is, the user might already be calling a function that supports custom print format specifiers (maybe including '%V') so, I claim, it would be wrong to block use of '%V' in this case. The documentation does make it clear that users shouldn't expect this to "just work" though. When dprintf-style is 'agent' then GDB does no support the use of '%V' (right now). This is handled at the point when GDB tries to process the format string and send the dprintf command to the remote, here's an example: Reading symbols from /tmp/hello.x... (gdb) dprintf call_me, "%V", a1 Dprintf 1 at 0x401152: file /tmp/hello.c, line 8. (gdb) set sysroot / (gdb) target remote | gdbserver --once - /tmp/hello.x Remote debugging using | gdbserver --once - /tmp/hello.x stdin/stdout redirected Process /tmp/hello.x created; pid = 3088822 Remote debugging using stdio Reading symbols from /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2... (No debugging symbols found in /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2) 0x00007ffff7fd3110 in _start () from /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (gdb) set dprintf-style agent (gdb) c Continuing. Unrecognized format specifier 'V' in printf Command aborted. (gdb) This is exactly how GDB would handle any other invalid format specifier, for example: Reading symbols from /tmp/hello.x... (gdb) dprintf call_me, "%Q", a1 Dprintf 1 at 0x401152: file /tmp/hello.c, line 8. (gdb) set sysroot / (gdb) target remote | gdbserver --once - /tmp/hello.x Remote debugging using | gdbserver --once - /tmp/hello.x stdin/stdout redirected Process /tmp/hello.x created; pid = 3089193 Remote debugging using stdio Reading symbols from /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2... (No debugging symbols found in /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2) 0x00007ffff7fd3110 in _start () from /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (gdb) set dprintf-style agent (gdb) c Continuing. Unrecognized format specifier 'Q' in printf Command aborted. (gdb) The error message isn't the greatest, but improving that can be put off for another day I hope. Reviewed-By: Eli Zaretskii Acked-By: Simon Marchi --- diff --git a/gdb/NEWS b/gdb/NEWS index d97e3c15a87..649a3a9824a 100644 --- a/gdb/NEWS +++ b/gdb/NEWS @@ -67,6 +67,17 @@ break foo thread 1 task 1 watch var thread 2 task 3 +* The printf command now accepts a '%V' output format which will + format an expression just as the 'print' command would. Print + options can be placed withing '[...]' after the '%V' to modify how + the value is printed. E.g: + printf "%V", some_array + printf "%V[-array-indexes on]", some_array + will print the array without, or with array indexes included, just + as the array would be printed by the 'print' command. This + functionality is also available for dprintf when dprintf-style is + 'gdb'. + * New commands maintenance print record-instruction [ N ] diff --git a/gdb/doc/gdb.texinfo b/gdb/doc/gdb.texinfo index d1059e0cb7f..4bc83ed2168 100644 --- a/gdb/doc/gdb.texinfo +++ b/gdb/doc/gdb.texinfo @@ -5962,18 +5962,29 @@ explicitly-supplied command lists.) @table @code @item gdb @kindex dprintf-style gdb -Handle the output using the @value{GDBN} @code{printf} command. +Handle the output using the @value{GDBN} @code{printf} command. When +using this style, it is possible to use the @samp{%V} format specifier +(@pxref{%V Format Specifier}). @item call @kindex dprintf-style call Handle the output by calling a function in your program (normally -@code{printf}). +@code{printf}). When using this style the supported format specifiers +depend entirely on the function being called. + +Most of @value{GDB}'s format specifiers align with those supported by +the @code{printf} function, however, @value{GDB}'s @samp{%V} format +specifier extension is not supported by @code{printf}. When using +@samp{call} style dprintf, care should be taken to ensure that only +format specifiers supported by the output function are used, otherwise +the results will be undefined. @item agent @kindex dprintf-style agent -Have the remote debugging agent (such as @code{gdbserver}) handle -the output itself. This style is only available for agents that -support running commands on the target. +Have the remote debugging agent (such as @code{gdbserver}) handle the +output itself. This style is only available for agents that support +running commands on the target. This style does not support the +@samp{%V} format specifier. @end table @item set dprintf-function @var{function} @@ -13141,6 +13152,10 @@ frame specified by @var{number_of_frames}. @findex $_as_string@r{, convenience function} @item $_as_string(@var{value}) +This convenience function is considered deprecated, and could be +removed from future versions of @value{GDBN}. Use the @samp{%V} format +specifier instead (@pxref{%V Format Specifier}). + Return the string representation of @var{value}. This function is useful to obtain the textual label (enumerator) of an @@ -29051,6 +29066,36 @@ Here's an example of printing DFP types using the above conversion letters: printf "D32: %Hf - D64: %Df - D128: %DDf\n",1.2345df,1.2E10dd,1.2E1dl @end smallexample +@anchor{%V Format Specifier} +Additionally, @code{printf} supports a special @samp{%V} output format. +This format prints the string representation of an expression just as +@value{GDBN} would produce with the standard @kbd{print} command +(@pxref{Data, ,Examining Data}): + +@smallexample +(@value{GDBP}) print array +$1 = @{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5@} +(@value{GDBP}) printf "Array is: %V\n", array +Array is: @{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5@} +@end smallexample + +It is possible to include print options with the @samp{%V} format by +placing them in @samp{[...]} immediately after the @samp{%V}, like +this: + +@smallexample +(@value{GDBP}) printf "Array is: %V[-array-indexes on]\n", array +Array is: @{[0] = 0, [1] = 1, [2] = 2, [3] = 3, [4] = 4, [5] = 5@} +@end smallexample + +If you need to print a literal @samp{[} directly after a @samp{%V}, then +just include an empty print options list: + +@smallexample +(@value{GDBP}) printf "Array is: %V[][Hello]\n", array +Array is: @{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5@}[Hello] +@end smallexample + @anchor{eval} @kindex eval @item eval @var{template}, @var{expressions}@dots{} diff --git a/gdb/printcmd.c b/gdb/printcmd.c index ca0966bebb9..f9517e6e086 100644 --- a/gdb/printcmd.c +++ b/gdb/printcmd.c @@ -2735,7 +2735,7 @@ ui_printf (const char *arg, struct ui_file *stream) if (*s++ != '"') error (_("Bad format string, missing '\"'.")); - format_pieces fpieces (&s); + format_pieces fpieces (&s, false, true); if (*s++ != '"') error (_("Bad format string, non-terminated '\"'.")); @@ -2877,6 +2877,34 @@ ui_printf (const char *arg, struct ui_file *stream) case ptr_arg: printf_pointer (stream, current_substring, val_args[i]); break; + case value_arg: + { + value_print_options print_opts; + get_user_print_options (&print_opts); + + if (current_substring[2] == '[') + { + std::string args (¤t_substring[3], + strlen (¤t_substring[3]) - 1); + + const char *args_ptr = args.c_str (); + + /* Override global settings with explicit options, if + any. */ + auto group + = make_value_print_options_def_group (&print_opts); + gdb::option::process_options + (&args_ptr, gdb::option::PROCESS_OPTIONS_UNKNOWN_IS_ERROR, + group); + + if (*args_ptr != '\0') + error (_("unexpected content in print options: %s"), + args_ptr); + } + + print_formatted (val_args[i], 0, &print_opts, stream); + } + break; case literal_piece: /* Print a portion of the format string that has no directives. Note that this will not include any diff --git a/gdb/testsuite/gdb.base/printcmds.c b/gdb/testsuite/gdb.base/printcmds.c index 78291a2803c..fa3a62d6cdd 100644 --- a/gdb/testsuite/gdb.base/printcmds.c +++ b/gdb/testsuite/gdb.base/printcmds.c @@ -108,6 +108,7 @@ enum flag_enum FE_TWO_LEGACY = 0x02, }; +enum flag_enum one = FE_ONE; enum flag_enum three = (enum flag_enum) (FE_ONE | FE_TWO); /* Another enum considered as a "flag enum", but with no enumerator with value @@ -152,6 +153,18 @@ struct some_struct } }; +/* This is used in the printf test. */ +struct small_struct +{ + int a; + int b; + int c; +} a_small_struct = { + 1, + 2, + 3 +}; + /* The following variables are used for testing byte repeat sequences. The variable names are encoded: invalid_XYZ where: X = start diff --git a/gdb/testsuite/gdb.base/printcmds.exp b/gdb/testsuite/gdb.base/printcmds.exp index 2506f745f20..73f145c9586 100644 --- a/gdb/testsuite/gdb.base/printcmds.exp +++ b/gdb/testsuite/gdb.base/printcmds.exp @@ -981,6 +981,32 @@ proc test_printf_with_strings {} { } } +# Test the printf '%V' format. +proc test_printf_V_format {} { + # Enums. + gdb_test {printf "%V\n", one} "FE_ONE" + gdb_test {printf "%V\n", three} "\\(FE_ONE \\| FE_TWO\\)" + gdb_test {printf "%V\n", flag_enum_without_zero} "0" + gdb_test {printf "%V\n", three_not_flag} "3" + + # Arrays. + gdb_test {printf "%V\n", a1} "\\{2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20\\}" + gdb_test {printf "%V[]\n", a1} "\\{2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20\\}" + gdb_test {printf "%V[][]\n", a1} \ + "\\{2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20\\}\\\[\\\]" + gdb_test {printf "%V[-elements 3]\n", a1} "\\{2, 4, 6\\.\\.\\.\\}" + gdb_test {printf "%V[-elements 3][]\n", a1} \ + "\\{2, 4, 6\\.\\.\\.\\}\\\[\\\]" + gdb_test {printf "%V[-elements 3 -array-indexes on]\n", a1} \ + "\\{\\\[0\\\] = 2, \\\[1\\\] = 4, \\\[2\\\] = 6\\.\\.\\.\\}" + + # Structures. + gdb_test {printf "%V\n", a_small_struct} \ + "\\{a = 1, b = 2, c = 3\\}" + gdb_test {printf "%V[-pretty on]\n", a_small_struct} \ + "\\{\r\n a = 1,\r\n b = 2,\r\n c = 3\r\n\\}" +} + proc test_print_symbol {} { gdb_test_no_output "set print symbol on" @@ -1127,7 +1153,6 @@ proc test_printf_convenience_var {prefix} { } } - clean_restart gdb_test "print \$pc" "No registers\\." @@ -1213,6 +1238,7 @@ test_print_enums test_printf test_printf_with_dfp test_printf_with_strings +test_printf_V_format test_print_symbol test_repeat_bytes test_radices diff --git a/gdbsupport/format.cc b/gdbsupport/format.cc index 19f37ec8e0c..6e5a3cb6603 100644 --- a/gdbsupport/format.cc +++ b/gdbsupport/format.cc @@ -20,7 +20,8 @@ #include "common-defs.h" #include "format.h" -format_pieces::format_pieces (const char **arg, bool gdb_extensions) +format_pieces::format_pieces (const char **arg, bool gdb_extensions, + bool value_extension) { const char *s; const char *string; @@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ format_pieces::format_pieces (const char **arg, bool gdb_extensions) char *f = (char *) alloca (strlen (s) + 1); string = f; - while ((gdb_extensions || *s != '"') && *s != '\0') + while (*s != '"' && *s != '\0') { int c = *s++; switch (c) @@ -340,6 +341,27 @@ format_pieces::format_pieces (const char **arg, bool gdb_extensions) bad = 1; break; + case 'V': + if (!value_extension) + error (_("Unrecognized format specifier '%c' in printf"), *f); + + if (lcount > 1 || seen_h || seen_big_h || seen_big_h + || seen_big_d || seen_double_big_d || seen_size_t + || seen_prec || seen_zero || seen_space || seen_plus) + bad = 1; + + this_argclass = value_arg; + + if (f[1] == '[') + { + /* Move F forward to the next ']' character if such a + character exists, otherwise leave F unchanged. */ + const char *tmp = strchr (f, ']'); + if (tmp != nullptr) + f = tmp; + } + break; + case '*': error (_("`*' not supported for precision or width in printf")); diff --git a/gdbsupport/format.h b/gdbsupport/format.h index 342b473c3ed..2af34ab9450 100644 --- a/gdbsupport/format.h +++ b/gdbsupport/format.h @@ -41,7 +41,8 @@ enum argclass int_arg, long_arg, long_long_arg, size_t_arg, ptr_arg, string_arg, wide_string_arg, wide_char_arg, double_arg, long_double_arg, - dec32float_arg, dec64float_arg, dec128float_arg + dec32float_arg, dec64float_arg, dec128float_arg, + value_arg }; /* A format piece is a section of the format string that may include a @@ -75,7 +76,8 @@ class format_pieces { public: - format_pieces (const char **arg, bool gdb_extensions = false); + format_pieces (const char **arg, bool gdb_extensions = false, + bool value_extension = false); ~format_pieces () = default; DISABLE_COPY_AND_ASSIGN (format_pieces);