From: David MacKenzie <djm@cygnus>
Date: Thu, 6 Jan 1994 19:49:06 +0000 (+0000)
Subject: 	* binutils.texi: Add a chapter summarizing the ways to select
X-Git-Url: https://git.libre-soc.org/?a=commitdiff_plain;h=eae04238574c99672f29fbe7e5fb88d41087a3ea;p=binutils-gdb.git

	* binutils.texi: Add a chapter summarizing the ways to select
	aspects of the target for each program.

	* objdump.c (long_options, usage): Add long equivalents for all
	remaining short options that lacked them.
	* binutils.texi objdump.1: Document them.

	* size.c (usage): Tweak usage message.
	* size.1: Add missing `=' in examples.

	* binutils.texi strip.1 objcopy.1 nlmconv.1 objcopy.c nlmconv.c:
	Use "--target=bfdname" as the option to select the BFD target,
	like nm and size already do.
	Reserve "--format=format" for textual output selection options, but
	for now keep old option names as obsolete for backward compatibility.

	* strings.c (main, strings_object_file, usage): Add --target option.
	* binutils.texi strings.1: Document it.
---

diff --git a/binutils/ChangeLog b/binutils/ChangeLog
index ac03e9623ef..2349388b962 100644
--- a/binutils/ChangeLog
+++ b/binutils/ChangeLog
@@ -1,3 +1,28 @@
+Thu Jan  6 06:18:15 1994  David J. Mackenzie  (djm@thepub.cygnus.com)
+
+	* binutils.texi: Add a chapter summarizing the ways to select
+	aspects of the target for each program.
+
+	* objdump.c (long_options, usage): Add long equivalents for all
+	remaining short options that lacked them.
+	* binutils.texi objdump.1: Document them.
+
+	* size.c (usage): Tweak usage message.
+	* size.1: Add missing `=' in examples.
+
+	* binutils.texi strip.1 objcopy.1 nlmconv.1 objcopy.c nlmconv.c:
+	Use "--target=bfdname" as the option to select the BFD target,
+	like nm and size already do.
+	Reserve "--format=format" for textual output selection options, but
+	for now keep old option names as obsolete for backward compatibility.
+
+	* strings.c (main, strings_object_file, usage): Add --target option.
+	* binutils.texi strings.1: Document it.
+
+Sat Jan  1 13:58:24 1994  David J. Mackenzie  (djm@thepub.cygnus.com)
+
+	* ar.c (main): Add \n in error message.
+
 Thu Dec 23 12:23:11 1993  Ian Lance Taylor  (ian@tweedledumb.cygnus.com)
 
 	gcc -Wall lint:
diff --git a/binutils/binutils.texi b/binutils/binutils.texi
index 06abe59518f..c59a621e0a4 100644
--- a/binutils/binutils.texi
+++ b/binutils/binutils.texi
@@ -81,7 +81,8 @@ Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
 into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions.
 @end titlepage
 
-@node Top, ar, (dir), (dir)
+@node Top
+@top
 @chapter Introduction
 
 @cindex version
@@ -106,19 +107,24 @@ Display information from object files
 Generate index to archive contents
 
 @item size
-List section sizes and total size
+List file section sizes and total size
 
 @item strings
 List printable strings from files
 
 @item strip
 Discard symbols
+
+@item c++filt
+Demangle encoded C++ symbols
+
+@item nlmconv
+Convert object code into a Netware Loadable Module
 @end table
 @end iftex
 
 @menu
 * ar::                          Create, modify, and extract from archives
-* ld:(ld)Overview.              Combine object and archive files
 * nm::                          List symbols from object files
 * objcopy::			Copy and translate object files
 * objdump::                     Display information from object files
@@ -128,10 +134,11 @@ Discard symbols
 * strip::                       Discard symbols
 * c++filt::			Filter to demangle encoded C++ symbols
 * nlmconv::                     Converts object code into an NLM
+* Selecting The Target System:: How these utilities determine the target.
 * Index::                       
 @end menu
 
-@node ar, nm, Top, Top
+@node ar
 @chapter ar
 
 @kindex ar
@@ -187,12 +194,12 @@ with a script supplied via standard input, like the MRI ``librarian''
 program.
 
 @menu
-* ar-cmdline::                  Controlling @code{ar} on the command line
-* ar-scripts::                  Controlling @code{ar} with a script
+* ar cmdline::                  Controlling @code{ar} on the command line
+* ar scripts::                  Controlling @code{ar} with a script
 @end menu
 
 @page
-@node ar-cmdline, ar-scripts, ar, ar
+@node ar cmdline
 @section Controlling @code{ar} on the command line
 
 @smallexample
@@ -382,7 +389,7 @@ when the modifier @samp{v} is appended.
 This modifier shows the version number of @code{ar}.
 @end table
 
-@node ar-scripts,  , ar-cmdline, ar
+@node ar scripts
 @section Controlling @code{ar} with a script
 
 @smallexample
@@ -554,7 +561,7 @@ The GNU linker @code{ld} is now described in a separate manual.
 @xref{Top,, Overview,, Using LD: the GNU linker}.
 @end iftex
 
-@node nm, objcopy, ar, Top
+@node nm
 @chapter nm
 @cindex symbols
 @kindex nm
@@ -699,7 +706,7 @@ Use @var{radix} as the radix for printing the symbol values.  It must be
 @item --target=@var{bfdname}
 @cindex object code format
 Specify an object code format other than your system's default format.
-@xref{objdump}, for information on listing available formats.
+@xref{Target Selection}, for more information.
 
 @item -u
 @itemx --undefined-only 
@@ -715,13 +722,13 @@ Show the version number of @code{nm} and exit.
 Show a summary of the options to @code{nm} and exit.
 @end table
 
-@node objcopy, objdump, nm, Top
+@node objcopy
 @chapter objcopy
 
 @smallexample
-objcopy [ -F @var{format} | --format=@var{format} ]
-        [ -I @var{format} | --input-format=@var{format} ]
-        [ -O @var{format} | --output-format=@var{format} ]
+objcopy [ -F @var{bfdname} | --target=@var{bfdname} ]
+        [ -I @var{bfdname} | --input-target=@var{bfdname} ]
+        [ -O @var{bfdname} | --output-target=@var{bfdname} ]
         [ -S | --strip-all ]  [ -g | --strip-debug ]
         [ -x | --discard-all ]  [ -X | --discard-locals ]
         [ -v | --verbose ]  [ -V | --version ]  [ --help ]
@@ -738,7 +745,7 @@ different from that of the source object file.  The exact behavior of
 deletes them afterward.  @code{objcopy} uses BFD to do all its
 translation work; it knows about all the formats BFD knows about, and
 thus is able to recognize most formats without being told explicitly.
-@xref{BFD,,BFD,ld.info,Using LD, the GNU linker}.
+@xref{BFD,,BFD,ld.info,Using LD}.
 
 @table @code
 @item @var{infile}
@@ -748,20 +755,21 @@ If you do not specify @var{outfile}, @code{objcopy} creates a
 temporary file and destructively renames the result with
 the name of the input file.
 
-@item -I @var{format}	
-@itemx --input-format=@var{format}
-Consider the source file's object format to be @var{format}, rather than
-attempting to deduce it.
+@item -I @var{bfdname}	
+@itemx --input-target=@var{bfdname}
+Consider the source file's object format to be @var{bfdname}, rather than
+attempting to deduce it.  @xref{Target Selection}, for more information.
 
-@item -O @var{format}
-@itemx --output-format=@var{format}
-Write the output file using the object format @var{format}.
+@item -O @var{bfdname}
+@itemx --output-target=@var{bfdname}
+Write the output file using the object format @var{bfdname}.
+@xref{Target Selection}, for more information.
 
-@item -F @var{format}
-@itemx --format=@var{format}
-Use @var{format} as the object format for both the input and the output
-file; i.e. simply transfer data from source to destination with no
-translation.
+@item -F @var{bfdname}
+@itemx --target=@var{bfdname}
+Use @var{bfdname} as the object format for both the input and the output
+file; i.e., simply transfer data from source to destination with no
+translation.  @xref{Target Selection}, for more information.
 
 @item -S
 @itemx --strip-all
@@ -794,17 +802,20 @@ archives, @samp{objcopy -V} lists all members of the archive.
 Show a summary of the options to @code{objcopy}.
 @end table
 
-@node objdump, ranlib, objcopy, Top
+@node objdump
 @chapter objdump
 
 @cindex object file information
 @kindex objdump
 
 @smallexample
-objdump [ -a ]  [ -b @var{bfdname} ]  [ -d ]  [ -f ]
-        [ -h | --header ]  [ -i ]  [ -j @var{section} ]  [ -l ]
-        [ -m @var{machine} ]  [ -r | --reloc ]  [ -s ]  [ --stabs ]
-        [ -t | --syms ]  [ -x ]  [ --version ]  [ --help ]
+objdump [ -a | --archive-headers ]  [ -b @var{bfdname} | --target=@var{bfdname} ]
+        [ -d | --disassemble ]  [ -f | --file-headers ]
+        [ -h | --section-headers | --headers ]  [ -i | --info ]
+        [ -j @var{section} | --section=@var{section} ]  [ -l | --line-numbers ]
+        [ -m @var{machine} | --architecture=@var{machine} ]  [ -r | --reloc ]
+        [ -s | --full-contents ]  [ --stabs ] [ -t | --syms ]
+        [ -x | --all-headers ]  [ --version ]  [ --help ]
         @var{objfile}@dots{}
 @end smallexample
 
@@ -823,15 +834,15 @@ equivalent.  At least one option besides @samp{-l} must be given.
 
 @table @code
 @item -a
-@c print_arelt_descr
+@itemx --archive-header
 @cindex archive headers
 If any of the @var{objfile} files are archives, display the archive
 header information (in a format similar to @samp{ls -l}).  Besides the
 information you could list with @samp{ar tv}, @samp{objdump -a} shows
 the object file format of each archive member.
 
-@c suggest longname --target or --format or --bfd
 @item -b @var{bfdname}
+@itemx --target=@var{bfdname}
 @cindex object code format
 Specify that the object-code format for the object files is
 @var{bfdname}.  This option may not be necessary; @var{objdump} can
@@ -846,46 +857,52 @@ displays summary information from the section headers (@samp{-h}) of
 @file{fu.o}, which is explicitly identified (@samp{-m}) as a VAX object
 file in the format produced by Oasys compilers.  You can list the
 formats available with the @samp{-i} option.
+@xref{Target Selection}, for more information.
 
 @item -d
+@itemx --disassemble
 @cindex disassembling object code
 @cindex machine instructions
-Disassemble.  Display the assembler mnemonics for the machine
+Display the assembler mnemonics for the machine
 instructions from @var{objfile}.
 
 @item -f
+@itemx --file-header
 @cindex object file header
-File header.  Display summary information from the overall header of
+Display summary information from the overall header of
 each of the @var{objfile} files.
 
 @item -h
+@itemx --section-header
 @itemx --header
 @cindex section headers
-Header.  Display summary information from the section headers of the
+Display summary information from the section headers of the
 object file.
 
 @item --help
 Print a summary of the options to @code{objdump} and exit.
 
 @item -i
+@itemx --info
 @cindex architectures available
 @cindex object formats available
 Display a list showing all architectures and object formats available
 for specification with @samp{-b} or @samp{-m}.
 
-@c suggest longname --section
 @item -j @var{name}
+@itemx --section=@var{name}
 @cindex section information
 Display information only for section @var{name}.
 
-@c suggest longname --label or --linespec
 @item -l
+@itemx --line-numbers
 @cindex source filenames for object files
-Label the display (using debugging information) with the source filename
-and line numbers corresponding to the object code shown.
+Label the display (using debugging information) with the filename
+and source line numbers corresponding to the object code shown.
+Only useful with @samp{-d}.
 
-@c suggest longname --architecture
 @item -m @var{machine}
+@itemx --architecture=@var{machine}
 @cindex architecture
 Specify that the object files @var{objfile} are for architecture
 @var{machine}.  You can list available architectures using the @samp{-i}
@@ -894,9 +911,10 @@ option.
 @item -r
 @itemx --reloc
 @cindex relocation entries, in object file
-Relocation.  Print the relocation entries of the file.
+Print the relocation entries of the file.
 
 @item -s
+@itemx --full-contents
 @cindex sections, full contents
 @cindex object file sections
 Display the full contents of any sections requested.
@@ -917,13 +935,14 @@ output.
 @item -t
 @itemx --syms
 @cindex symbol table entries, printing
-Symbol Table.  Print the symbol table entries of the file.
+Print the symbol table entries of the file.
 This is similar to the information provided by the @samp{nm} program.
 
 @item --version
 Print the version number of @code{objdump} and exit.
 
 @item -x
+@itemx --all-header
 @cindex all header information, object file
 @cindex header information, all
 Display all available header information, including the symbol table and
@@ -931,7 +950,7 @@ relocation entries.  Using @samp{-x} is equivalent to specifying all of
 @samp{-a -f -h -r -t}.
 @end table
 
-@node ranlib, size, objdump, Top
+@node ranlib
 @chapter ranlib
 
 @kindex ranlib
@@ -962,7 +981,7 @@ The GNU @code{ranlib} program is another form of GNU @code{ar}; running
 Show the version number of @code{ranlib}.
 @end table
 
-@node size, strings, ranlib, Top
+@node size
 @chapter size
 
 @kindex size
@@ -1001,7 +1020,7 @@ Berkeley's.
 Here is an example of the Berkeley (default) format of output from
 @code{size}: 
 @smallexample
-size --format Berkeley ranlib size
+size --format=Berkeley ranlib size
 text    data    bss     dec     hex     filename
 294880  81920   11592   388392  5ed28   ranlib
 294880  81920   11888   388688  5ee50   size
@@ -1011,7 +1030,7 @@ text    data    bss     dec     hex     filename
 This is the same data, but displayed closer to System V conventions:
 
 @smallexample
-size --format SysV ranlib size
+size --format=SysV ranlib size
 ranlib  :
 section         size         addr
 .text         294880         8192       
@@ -1049,15 +1068,15 @@ octal and hexadecimal if you're using @samp{-o}.
 @cindex object code format
 Specify that the object-code format for @var{objfile} is
 @var{bfdname}.  This option may not be necessary; @code{size} can
-automatically recognize many formats.  @xref{objdump}, for information
-on listing available formats.
+automatically recognize many formats.
+@xref{Target Selection}, for more information.
 
 @item -V
 @itemx --version
 Display the version number of @code{size}.
 @end table
 
-@node strings, strip, size, Top
+@node strings
 @chapter strings
 @kindex strings
 @cindex listings strings
@@ -1067,7 +1086,8 @@ Display the version number of @code{size}.
 @smallexample
 strings [-afov] [-@var{min-len}] [-n @var{min-len}] [-t @var{radix}] [-]
         [--all] [--print-file-name] [--bytes=@var{min-len}]
-        [--radix=@var{radix}] [--help] [--version] @var{file}@dots{}
+        [--radix=@var{radix}] [--target=@var{bfdname}]
+        [--help] [--version] @var{file}@dots{}
 @end smallexample
 
 For each @var{file} given, GNU @code{strings} prints the printable
@@ -1111,12 +1131,17 @@ Print the offset within the file before each string.  The single
 character argument specifies the radix of the offset---@samp{o} for
 octal, @samp{x} for hexadecimal, or @samp{d} for decimal.
 
+@item --target=@var{bfdname}
+@cindex object code format
+Specify an object code format other than your system's default format.
+@xref{Target Selection}, for more information.
+
 @item -v
 @itemx --version
 Print the program version number on the standard output and exit.
 @end table
 
-@node strip, c++filt, strings, Top
+@node strip
 @chapter strip
 
 @kindex strip
@@ -1125,9 +1150,9 @@ Print the program version number on the standard output and exit.
 @cindex symbols, discarding
 
 @smallexample
-strip [ -F @var{format} | --format=@var{format} | --target=@var{format} ]
-      [ -I @var{format} | --input-format=@var{format} ]
-      [ -O @var{format} | --output-format=@var{format} ]
+strip [ -F @var{bfdname} | --target=@var{bfdname} | --target=@var{bfdname} ]
+      [ -I @var{bfdname} | --input-target=@var{bfdname} ]
+      [ -O @var{bfdname} | --output-target=@var{bfdname} ]
       [ -s | --strip-all ] [ -S | -g | --strip-debug ]
       [ -x | --discard-all ] [ -X | --discard-locals ]
       [ -v | --verbose ]  [ -V | --version ]  [ --help ]
@@ -1142,23 +1167,25 @@ At least one object file must be given.
 rather than writing modified copies under different names.
 
 @table @code
-@item -F @var{format}
-@itemx --format=@var{format}
-@itemx --target=@var{format}
+@item -F @var{bfdname}
+@itemx --target=@var{bfdname}
 Treat the original @var{objfile} as a file with the object
-code format @var{format}, and rewrite it in the same format.
+code format @var{bfdname}, and rewrite it in the same format.
+@xref{Target Selection}, for more information.
 
 @item --help
 Show a summary of the options to @code{strip} and exit.
 
-@item -I @var{format}	
-@itemx --input-format=@var{format}
+@item -I @var{bfdname}	
+@itemx --input-target=@var{bfdname}
 Treat the original @var{objfile} as a file with the object
-code format @var{format}.
+code format @var{bfdname}.
+@xref{Target Selection}, for more information.
 
-@item -O @var{format}
-@itemx --output-format=@var{format}
-Replace @var{objfile} with a file in the output format @var{format}.
+@item -O @var{bfdname}
+@itemx --output-target=@var{bfdname}
+Replace @var{objfile} with a file in the output format @var{bfdname}.
+@xref{Target Selection}, for more information.
 
 @item -s
 @itemx --strip-all
@@ -1188,7 +1215,7 @@ Verbose output: list all object files modified.  In the case of
 archives, @samp{strip -v} lists all members of the archive.
 @end table
 
-@node c++filt, nlmconv, strip, Top
+@node c++filt
 @chapter c++filt
 
 @kindex c++filt
@@ -1270,7 +1297,7 @@ c++filt @var{option} @var{symbol}
 @end example
 @end quotation
 
-@node nlmconv, Index, c++filt, Top
+@node nlmconv
 @chapter nlmconv
 
 @code{nlmconv} converts a relocatable object file into a NetWare
@@ -1287,8 +1314,8 @@ utilities, since it is only useful for NLM targets.
 @end quotation
 
 @smallexample
-nlmconv [ -I @var{format} | --input-format=@var{format} ]
-        [ -O @var{format} | --output-format=@var{format} ]
+nlmconv [ -I @var{bfdname} | --input-target=@var{bfdname} ]
+        [ -O @var{bfdname} | --output-target=@var{bfdname} ]
         [ -T @var{headerfile} | --header-file=@var{headerfile} ]
         [ -h | --help ]  [ -V | --version ]
         @var{infile} @var{outfile}
@@ -1302,23 +1329,22 @@ on writing the NLM command file language used in header files, see the
 Development and Tools Overview}, which is part of the NLM Software
 Developer's Kit (``NLM SDK''), available from Novell, Inc.
 @code{nlmconv} uses the @sc{gnu} Binary File Descriptor library to read
-@var{infile}; see @ref{BFD,,BFD,ld.info,Using LD, the GNU linker}, for
+@var{infile}; see @ref{BFD,,BFD,ld.info,Using LD}, for
 more information.
 
 @table @code
-@item -I @var{format}
-@itemx --input-format=@var{format}
+@item -I @var{bfdname}
+@itemx --input-target=@var{bfdname}
 Object format of the input file.  @code{nlmconv} can usually determine
-the format of a given file (so no default is necessary).  @var{format}
-arguments are normal BFD names; for a list of these, run
-@w{@samp{objdump -i}}.
+the format of a given file (so no default is necessary).
+@xref{Target Selection}, for more information.
 
-@item -O @var{format}
-@itemx --output-format=@var{format}
+@item -O @var{bfdname}
+@itemx --output-target=@var{bfdname}
 Object format of the output file.  @code{nlmconv} infers the output
 format based on the input format, e.g. for a @samp{i386} input file the
-output format is @samp{nlm32-i386}.  @var{format} arguments are normal
-BFD names; for a list of these, run @w{@samp{objdump -i}}.
+output format is @samp{nlm32-i386}.
+@xref{Target Selection}, for more information.
 
 @item -T @var{headerfile}
 @itemx --header-file=@var{headerfile}
@@ -1337,7 +1363,274 @@ Prints a usage summary.
 Prints the version number for @code{nlmconv}.
 @end table
 
-@node Index,  , nlmconv, Top
+@node Selecting The Target System
+@chapter Selecting the target system
+
+You can specify three aspects of the target system to the GNU binary
+file utilities, each in several ways.  The three aspects of the target
+system that you can specify are
+
+@itemize @bullet
+@item
+the target,
+
+@item
+the architecture, and
+
+@item
+the linker emulation (which applies to the linker only).
+@end itemize
+
+In the following summaries, the lists of ways to specify values are in
+order of decreasing precedence.  In other words, the ways listed earlier
+override the ways listed later.
+
+The commands to list valid values only list the values that the programs
+you are running were configured for.  If they were configured with
+@samp{--with-targets=all}, the commands list most of the available
+values, but a few are left out; not all targets can be configured in at
+once because some of them can only be compiled ``native'' (on hosts with
+the same type as the target system).
+
+@menu
+* Target Selection::            
+* Architecture Selection::      
+* Linker Emulation Selection::  
+@end menu
+
+@node Target Selection
+@section Target selection
+
+A @dfn{target} is an object file format.  A given target may be
+supported for multiple architectures (@pxref{Architecture Selection}).
+It may also have variations for different operating systems or architectures.
+
+Command to list valid values: @samp{objdump -i} (first column).
+
+Sample values: @samp{a.out-hp300bsd}, @samp{ecoff-littlemips}, @samp{a.out-sunos-big}.
+
+@menu
+* objdump Target::              
+* objcopy strip Input Target::  
+* objcopy strip Output Target::  
+* nm size strings Target::  
+* Linker Input Target::         
+* Linker Output Target::        
+@end menu
+
+@node objdump Target
+@subsection @code{objdump} target
+
+Ways to specify:
+
+@enumerate
+@item
+command line option @samp{-b}, @samp{--target}
+
+@item
+environment variable @code{GNUTARGET}
+
+@item
+deduced from the input file
+@end enumerate
+
+@node objcopy strip Input Target
+@subsection @code{objcopy} and @code{strip} input target
+
+Ways to specify:
+
+@enumerate
+@item
+command line option @samp{-I}, @samp{--input-target}, @samp{-F}, @samp{--target}
+
+@item
+environment variable @code{GNUTARGET}
+
+@item
+deduced from the input file
+@end enumerate
+
+@node objcopy strip Output Target
+@subsection @code{objcopy} and @code{strip} output target
+
+Ways to specify:
+
+@enumerate
+@item
+command line option @samp{-O}, @samp{-F}, @samp{--output-target}, @samp{--target}
+
+@item
+the input target (@pxref{objcopy strip Input Target})
+
+@item
+environment variable @code{GNUTARGET}
+
+@item
+deduced from the input file
+@end enumerate
+
+@node nm size strings Target
+@subsection @code{nm}, @code{size}, and @code{strings} target
+
+Ways to specify:
+
+@enumerate
+@item
+command line option @samp{--target}
+
+@item
+environment variable @code{GNUTARGET}
+
+@item
+deduced from the input file
+@end enumerate
+
+@node Linker Input Target
+@subsection Linker input target
+
+Ways to specify:
+
+@enumerate
+@item
+command line option @samp{-b}, @samp{-format}
+(@pxref{Options,,Options,ld.info,Using LD})
+
+@item
+script command @code{TARGET}
+(@pxref{Option Commands,,Option Commands,ld.info,Using LD})
+
+@item
+environment variable @code{GNUTARGET}
+(@pxref{Environment,,Environment,ld.info,Using LD})
+
+@item
+the default target of the selected linker emulation
+(@pxref{Linker Emulation Selection})
+@end enumerate
+
+@node Linker Output Target
+@subsection Linker output target
+
+Ways to specify:
+
+@enumerate
+@item
+command line option @samp{-oformat}
+(@pxref{Options,,Options,ld.info,Using LD})
+
+@item
+script command @code{OUTPUT_FORMAT}
+(@pxref{Option Commands,,Option Commands,ld.info,Using LD})
+
+@item
+the linker input target (@pxref{Linker Input Target})
+@end enumerate
+
+@node Architecture Selection
+@section Architecture selection
+
+An @dfn{architecture} is a type of CPU on which an object file is to
+run.  Its name may contain a colon, separating the name of the
+processor family from the name of the particular CPU.
+
+Command to list valid values: @samp{objdump -i} (second column).
+
+Sample values: @samp{m68k:68020}, @samp{mips:3000}, @samp{sparc}.
+
+@menu
+* objdump Architecture::        
+* objcopy nm size strings Architecture::  
+* Linker Input Architecture::  
+* Linker Output Architecture::  
+@end menu
+
+@node objdump Architecture
+@subsection @code{objdump} architecture
+
+Ways to specify:
+
+@enumerate
+@item
+command line option @samp{-m}, @samp{--architecture}
+
+@item
+deduced from the input file
+@end enumerate
+
+@node objcopy nm size strings Architecture
+@subsection @code{objcopy}, @code{nm}, @code{size}, @code{strings} architecture
+
+Ways to specify:
+
+@enumerate
+@item
+deduced from the input file
+@end enumerate
+
+@node Linker Input Architecture
+@subsection Linker input architecture
+
+Ways to specify:
+
+@enumerate
+@item
+deduced from the input file
+@end enumerate
+
+@node Linker Output Architecture
+@subsection Linker output architecture
+
+Ways to specify:
+
+@enumerate
+@item
+script command @code{OUTPUT_ARCH}
+(@pxref{Option Commands,,Option Commands,ld.info,Using LD})
+
+@item
+the default architecture from the linker output target
+(@pxref{Linker Output Target})
+@end enumerate
+
+@node Linker Emulation Selection
+@section Linker emulation selection
+
+A linker @dfn{emulation} is a ``personality'' of the linker, which gives
+the linker default values for the other aspects of the target system.
+In particular, it consists of
+
+@itemize @bullet
+@item
+the linker script,
+
+@item
+the target, and
+
+@item
+several ``hook'' functions that are run at certain stages of the linking
+process to do special things that some targets require.
+@end itemize
+
+Command to list valid values: @samp{ld -V}.
+
+Sample values: @samp{hp300bsd}, @samp{mipslit}, @samp{sun4}.
+
+Ways to specify:
+
+@enumerate
+@item
+command line option @samp{-m}
+(@pxref{Options,,Options,ld.info,Using LD})
+
+@item
+environment variable @code{LDEMULATION}
+
+@item
+compiled-in @code{DEFAULT_EMULATION} from @file{Makefile},
+which comes from @code{EMUL} in @file{config/@var{target}.mt}
+@end enumerate
+
+@node Index
 @unnumbered Index
 
 @printindex cp
diff --git a/binutils/nlmconv.1 b/binutils/nlmconv.1
index 8e95ec8646b..1d448357562 100644
--- a/binutils/nlmconv.1
+++ b/binutils/nlmconv.1
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ nlmconv\(em\&converts object code into an NLM
 .na
 .TP
 .B nlmconv
-.RB "[\|" \-I\ \fIformat\fB\ |\ \-\-input\-format=\fIformat\fR "\|]" 
-.RB "[\|" \-O\ \fIformat\fB\ |\ \-\-output\-format=\fIformat\fR "\|]" 
+.RB "[\|" \-I\ \fIbfdname\fB\ |\ \-\-input\-target=\fIbfdname\fR "\|]" 
+.RB "[\|" \-O\ \fIbfdname\fB\ |\ \-\-output\-target=\fIbfdname\fR "\|]" 
 .RB "[\|" \-T\ \fIheaderfile\fB\ |\ \-\-header\-file=\fIheaderfile\fR "\|]" 
 .RB "[\|" \-V\ |\ \-\-version\fR "\|]" 
 .RB "[\|" \-\-help\fR "\|]" 
@@ -47,14 +47,14 @@ uses the GNU Binary File Descriptor library to read
 .IR infile .
 .SH OPTIONS
 .TP
-.B \-I \fIformat\fR, \fB\-\-input\-format=\fIformat
+.B \-I \fIbfdname\fR, \fB\-\-input\-target=\fIbfdname
 Consider the source file's object format to be 
-.IR format ,
+.IR bfdname ,
 rather than attempting to deduce it.
 .TP
-.B \-O \fIformat\fR, \fB\-\-output\-format=\fIformat
+.B \-O \fIbfdname\fR, \fB\-\-output\-target=\fIbfdname
 Write the output file using the object format 
-.IR format .
+.IR bfdname .
 .B nlmconv
 infers the output format based on the input format, e.g. for an i386
 input file the output format is
diff --git a/binutils/objcopy.1 b/binutils/objcopy.1
index 40bfb1a3029..74e718eba35 100644
--- a/binutils/objcopy.1
+++ b/binutils/objcopy.1
@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@ objcopy\(em\&copy and translate object files
 .na
 .TP
 .B objcopy
-.RB "[\|" \-F\ \fIformat\fB\ |\ \-\-format=\fIformat\fR "\|]" 
-.RB "[\|" \-I\ \fIformat\fB\ |\ \-\-input\-format=\fIformat\fR "\|]" 
-.RB "[\|" \-O\ \fIformat\fB\ |\ \-\-output\-format=\fIformat\fR "\|]" 
+.RB "[\|" \-F\ \fIbfdname\fB\ |\ \-\-target=\fIbfdname\fR "\|]" 
+.RB "[\|" \-I\ \fIbfdname\fB\ |\ \-\-input\-target=\fIbfdname\fR "\|]" 
+.RB "[\|" \-O\ \fIbfdname\fB\ |\ \-\-output\-target=\fIbfdname\fR "\|]" 
 .RB "[\|" \-S\ |\ \-\-strip\-all\fR "\|]" 
 .RB "[\|" \-g\ |\ \-\-strip\-debug\fR "\|]" 
 .RB "[\|" \-x\ |\ \-\-discard\-all\fR "\|]" 
@@ -57,18 +57,18 @@ name of the input file.
 
 .SH OPTIONS
 .TP
-.B \-I \fIformat\fR, \fB\-\-input\-format=\fIformat
+.B \-I \fIbfdname\fR, \fB\-\-input\-target=\fIbfdname
 Consider the source file's object format to be 
-.IR format ,
+.IR bfdname ,
 rather than attempting to deduce it.
 .TP
-.B \-O \fIformat\fR, \fB\-\-output\-format=\fIformat
+.B \-O \fIbfdname\fR, \fB\-\-output\-target=\fIbfdname
 Write the output file using the object format 
-.IR format .
+.IR bfdname .
 .TP
-.B \-F \fIformat\fR, \fB\-\-format=\fIformat
+.B \-F \fIbfdname\fR, \fB\-\-target=\fIbfdname
 Use 
-.I format
+.I bfdname
 as the object format for both the input and the output file; i.e.
 simply transfer data from source to destination with no translation.
 .TP
diff --git a/binutils/objdump.1 b/binutils/objdump.1
index 44c9ad7145f..ab88bdccb9e 100644
--- a/binutils/objdump.1
+++ b/binutils/objdump.1
@@ -15,26 +15,33 @@ objdump \- display information from object files.
 .na
 .TP
 .B objdump
-.RB "[\|" \-a "\|]" 
+.RB "[\|" \-a | \-\-archive\-headers "\|]" 
 .RB "[\|" "\-b\ "\c
 .I bfdname\c
+.RB " | " "\-\-target="\c
+.I bfdname\c
 \&\|] 
-.RB "[\|" \-d "\|]" 
-.RB "[\|" \-f "\|]"
-.RB "[\|" \-h | \-\-header "\|]" 
-.RB "[\|" \-i "\|]" 
+.RB "[\|" \-d | \-\-disassemble "\|]" 
+.RB "[\|" \-f | \-\-file\-headers "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-h | \-\-section\-headers
+.RB "| " \-\-headers "\|]" 
+.RB "[\|" \-i | \-\-info "\|]" 
 .RB "[\|" "\-j\ "\c
 .I section\c
+.RB " | " "\-\-section="\c
+.I section\c
 \&\|] 
-.RB "[\|" \-l "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-l | \-\-line\-numbers "\|]"
 .RB "[\|" "\-m\ "\c
 .I machine\c
+.RB " | " "\-\-architecture="\c
+.I machine\c
 \&\|] 
 .RB "[\|" \-r | \-\-reloc "\|]" 
-.RB "[\|" \-s "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-s | \-\-full\-contents "\|]"
 .RB "[\|" \-\-stabs "\|]"
 .RB "[\|" \-t | \-\-syms "\|]" 
-.RB "[\|" \-x "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-x | \-\-all\-headers "\|]"
 .RB "[\|" \-\-version "\|]"
 .RB "[\|" \-\-help "\|]"
 .I objfile\c
@@ -60,10 +67,12 @@ are the object files to be examined.  When you specify archives,
 Where long and short forms of an option are shown together, they are
 equivalent.  At least one option besides
 .B \-l
-must be given.
+(\fB\-\-line\-numbers\fP) must be given.
 
 .TP
 .B \-a
+.TP
+.B \-\-archive\-headers
 If any files from \c
 .I objfile\c
 \& are archives, display the archive
@@ -78,7 +87,9 @@ information you could list with `\|\c
 the object file format of each archive member.
 
 .TP
-.BI "-b " "bfdname"\c
+.BI "\-b " "bfdname"\c
+.TP
+.BI "\-\-target=" "bfdname"\c
 \&
 Specify the object-code format for the object files to be
 \c
@@ -108,14 +119,18 @@ formats available with the `\|\c
 
 .TP
 .B \-d
-Disassemble.  Display the assembler mnemonics for the machine
+.TP
+.B \-\-disassemble
+Display the assembler mnemonics for the machine
 instructions from \c
 .I objfile\c
 \&.
 
 .TP
 .B \-f
-File header.  Display summary information from the overall header of
+.TP
+.B \-\-file\-headers
+Display summary information from the overall header of
 each file in \c
 .I objfile\c
 \&.
@@ -123,8 +138,10 @@ each file in \c
 .TP
 .B \-h
 .TP
-.B \-\-header
-Header.  Display summary information from the section headers of the
+.B \-\-section\-headers
+.TP
+.B \-\-headers
+Display summary information from the section headers of the
 object file.
 
 .TP
@@ -135,6 +152,8 @@ and exit.
 
 .TP
 .B \-i
+.TP
+.B \-\-info
 Display a list showing all architectures and object formats available
 for specification with \c
 .B \-b\c
@@ -143,7 +162,9 @@ for specification with \c
 \&.
 
 .TP
-.BI "-j " "name"\c
+.BI "\-j " "name"\c
+.TP
+.BI "\-\-section=" "name"\c
 \&
 Display information only for section \c
 .I name\c
@@ -151,11 +172,16 @@ Display information only for section \c
 
 .TP
 .B \-l
-Label the display (using debugging information) with the source filename
-and line numbers corresponding to the object code shown.
+.TP
+.B \-\-line\-numbers
+Label the display (using debugging information) with the filename
+and source line numbers corresponding to the object code shown.
+Only useful with \fB\-d\fP.
 
 .TP
-.BI "-m " "machine"\c
+.BI "\-m " "machine"\c
+.TP
+.BI "\-\-architecture=" "machine"\c
 \&
 Specify the object files \c
 .I objfile\c
@@ -171,10 +197,12 @@ option.
 .B \-r
 .TP
 .B \-\-reloc
-Relocation.  Print the relocation entries of the file.
+Print the relocation entries of the file.
 
 .TP
 .B \-s
+.TP
+.B \-\-full\-contents
 Display the full contents of any sections requested.
 
 .TP
@@ -203,6 +231,8 @@ and exit.
 
 .TP
 .B \-x
+.TP
+.B \-\-all\-headers
 Display all available header information, including the symbol table and
 relocation entries.  Using `\|\c
 .B \-x\c
diff --git a/binutils/size.1 b/binutils/size.1
index 04da42d26ec..abb4bb141dd 100644
--- a/binutils/size.1
+++ b/binutils/size.1
@@ -58,14 +58,14 @@ Using one of these options, you can choose whether the output from GNU
 .B \-A\c
 \|',
 or `\|\c
-.B \-\-format sysv\c
+.B \-\-format=sysv\c
 \|'), or Berkeley \c
 .B size\c
 \& (using `\|\c
 .B \-B\c
 \|', or
 `\|\c
-.B \-\-format berkeley\c
+.B \-\-format=berkeley\c
 \|').  The default is the one-line format similar to
 Berkeley's.  
 
diff --git a/binutils/strings.1 b/binutils/strings.1
index 8ca80cd7004..1426605c827 100644
--- a/binutils/strings.1
+++ b/binutils/strings.1
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ strings \- print the strings of printable characters in files
 \&\|]
 .RB "[\|" \-t
 .I {o,x,d}\c
+.RB "[\|" "\-\-target=\fIbfdname" "\|]"
 .RB | "\-\-radix="\c
 .I {o,x,d}\c
 \&\|]
@@ -101,6 +102,14 @@ Print the offset within the file before each string.  The single
 character argument specifies the radix of the offset\(emoctal,
 hexadecimal, or decimal.
 
+.TP
+.BI "\-\-target=" "bfdname"\c
+\&
+Specify an object code format other than your system's default format.
+See 
+.BR objdump ( 1 ),
+for information on listing available formats.
+
 .TP
 .B \-o
 Like
diff --git a/binutils/strip.1 b/binutils/strip.1
index 8ee20f31f9a..2854304ee3c 100644
--- a/binutils/strip.1
+++ b/binutils/strip.1
@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@ strip \- Discard symbols from object files.
 
 .SH SYNOPSIS
 .B strip
-.RB "[\|" "\-F \fIformat\fP" | \-\-format=\fIformat\fP | \-\-target=\fIformat\fP "\|]"
-.RB "[\|" "\-I \fIformat\fP" | \-\-input\-format=\fIformat\fP "\|]"
-.RB "[\|" "\-O \fIformat\fP" | \-\-output\-format=\fIformat\fP "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" "\-F \fIbfdname\fP" | \-\-target=\fIbfdname\fP "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" "\-I \fIbfdname\fP" | \-\-input\-target=\fIbfdname\fP "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" "\-O \fIbfdname\fP" | \-\-output\-target=\fIbfdname\fP "\|]"
 .RB "[\|" \-s | \-\-strip\-all "\|]"
 .RB "[\|" \-S | -g | \-\-strip\-debug "\|]"
 .RB "[\|" \-x | \-\-discard\-all "\|]"
@@ -40,13 +40,11 @@ rather than writing modified copies under different names.
 
 .SH OPTIONS
 .TP
-.B "\-F \fIformat"
+.B "\-F \fIbfdname"
 .TP
-.B "\-\-format=\fIformat"
-.TP
-.B "\-\-target=\fIformat"
+.B "\-\-target=\fIbfdname"
 Treat the original \fIobjfile\fP as a file with the object
-code format \fIformat\fP, and rewrite it in the same format.
+code format \fIbfdname\fP, and rewrite it in the same format.
 
 .TP
 .B \-\-help
@@ -55,17 +53,17 @@ Show a summary of the options to
 and exit.
 
 .TP
-.B "\-I \fIformat
+.B "\-I \fIbfdname
 .TP
-.B "\-\-input\-format=\fIformat"
+.B "\-\-input\-target=\fIbfdname"
 Treat the original \fIobjfile\fP as a file with the object
-code format \fIformat\fP.
+code format \fIbfdname\fP.
 
 .TP
-.B "\-O \fIformat\fP"
+.B "\-O \fIbfdname\fP"
 .TP
-.B "\-\-output\-format=\fIformat"
-Replace \fIobjfile\fP with a file in the output format \fIformat\fP.
+.B "\-\-output\-target=\fIbfdname"
+Replace \fIobjfile\fP with a file in the output format \fIbfdname\fP.
 
 .TP
 .B \-s