From a8c256d6b74db5058160377fd1486665131e7fd9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkcl Date: Sun, 14 Nov 2021 18:10:28 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] --- docs/pinmux.mdwn | 49 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 49 insertions(+) diff --git a/docs/pinmux.mdwn b/docs/pinmux.mdwn index 275ee179e..462bc05dc 100644 --- a/docs/pinmux.mdwn +++ b/docs/pinmux.mdwn @@ -51,6 +51,55 @@ This page goes over the details and issues involved in creating an ASIC that combines **both** JTAG Boundary Scan **and** GPIO Muxing, down to layout considerations using coriolis2. +# JTAG Boundary Scan + +JTAG Scanning is a (paywalled) IEEE Standard: 1149.1 which with +a little searching can be found online. Its purpose is to allow +a well-defined method of testing ASIC IO pads that a Foundry or +ASIC test house may apply easily with off-the-shelf equipment. +Scan chaining can also connect multiple ASICs together so that +the same test can be run on a large batch of ASICs at the same +time. + +IO Pads come in four primary different types: + +* Input +* Output +* Output with Tristate (enable) +* Bi-directional Input/Output with direction enable + +Interestingly these can all be synthesised from one +Bi-directional IO Pad. Other features such as Differential +Pairs may also be constructed from an inverter and a pair +of IO Pads. Other more advanced features include pull-up +and pull-down resistors, Schmidt triggering for interrupts, +different drive strengths, and so on, but the basics are +that the Pad is either an input, or an output, or both. + +The JTAG Boundary Scan therefore needs to know what type +each pad is (In/Out/Bi) and has to "insert" itself in between +the wires, which may be just an input, or just an output, +and, if bi-directional, an "output enable" line. + +The "insertion" (or, "Tap") into those wires requires a +pair of Muxes for each wire. Under normal operation +the Muxes bypass JTAG entirely: the IO Pad is connected +directly to the Core (a hardware term for a "peripheral", +in Software terminology). + +When JTAG Scan is enabled, then for every pin that is +"tapped into", the Muxes flip such that: + +* The IO Pad is connected directly to latches controlled + by the JTAG Shift Register +* The Core (peripheral) likewise but to *different bits* + from those that the Pad is connected to + +In this way, not only can JTAG control or read the IO Pad, +but it can also read or control the Core (peripheral). +This is its entire purpose: to allow for the detection +and triaging of faults. + -- 2.30.2