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30 // Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan), vladl@google.com (Vlad Losev)
32 // This file implements death tests.
34 #include "gtest/gtest-death-test.h"
35 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
37 #if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
40 # include <crt_externs.h>
41 # endif // GTEST_OS_MAC
49 # endif // GTEST_OS_LINUX
56 # include <sys/mman.h>
57 # include <sys/wait.h>
58 # endif // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
62 # endif // GTEST_OS_QNX
64 #endif // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
66 #include "gtest/gtest-message.h"
67 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-string.h"
69 // Indicates that this translation unit is part of Google Test's
70 // implementation. It must come before gtest-internal-inl.h is
71 // included, or there will be a compiler error. This trick is to
72 // prevent a user from accidentally including gtest-internal-inl.h in
74 #define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1
75 #include "src/gtest-internal-inl.h"
76 #undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
82 // The default death test style.
83 static const char kDefaultDeathTestStyle
[] = "fast";
87 internal::StringFromGTestEnv("death_test_style", kDefaultDeathTestStyle
),
88 "Indicates how to run a death test in a forked child process: "
89 "\"threadsafe\" (child process re-executes the test binary "
90 "from the beginning, running only the specific death test) or "
91 "\"fast\" (child process runs the death test immediately "
96 internal::BoolFromGTestEnv("death_test_use_fork", false),
97 "Instructs to use fork()/_exit() instead of clone() in death tests. "
98 "Ignored and always uses fork() on POSIX systems where clone() is not "
99 "implemented. Useful when running under valgrind or similar tools if "
100 "those do not support clone(). Valgrind 3.3.1 will just fail if "
101 "it sees an unsupported combination of clone() flags. "
102 "It is not recommended to use this flag w/o valgrind though it will "
103 "work in 99% of the cases. Once valgrind is fixed, this flag will "
104 "most likely be removed.");
107 GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
108 internal_run_death_test
, "",
109 "Indicates the file, line number, temporal index of "
110 "the single death test to run, and a file descriptor to "
111 "which a success code may be sent, all separated by "
112 "the '|' characters. This flag is specified if and only if the current "
113 "process is a sub-process launched for running a thread-safe "
114 "death test. FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY.");
115 } // namespace internal
117 #if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
121 // Valid only for fast death tests. Indicates the code is running in the
122 // child process of a fast style death test.
123 static bool g_in_fast_death_test_child
= false;
125 // Returns a Boolean value indicating whether the caller is currently
126 // executing in the context of the death test child process. Tools such as
127 // Valgrind heap checkers may need this to modify their behavior in death
128 // tests. IMPORTANT: This is an internal utility. Using it may break the
129 // implementation of death tests. User code MUST NOT use it.
130 bool InDeathTestChild() {
131 # if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
133 // On Windows, death tests are thread-safe regardless of the value of the
134 // death_test_style flag.
135 return !GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test
).empty();
139 if (GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style
) == "threadsafe")
140 return !GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test
).empty();
142 return g_in_fast_death_test_child
;
146 } // namespace internal
148 // ExitedWithCode constructor.
149 ExitedWithCode::ExitedWithCode(int exit_code
) : exit_code_(exit_code
) {
152 // ExitedWithCode function-call operator.
153 bool ExitedWithCode::operator()(int exit_status
) const {
154 # if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
156 return exit_status
== exit_code_
;
160 return WIFEXITED(exit_status
) && WEXITSTATUS(exit_status
) == exit_code_
;
162 # endif // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
165 # if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
166 // KilledBySignal constructor.
167 KilledBySignal::KilledBySignal(int signum
) : signum_(signum
) {
170 // KilledBySignal function-call operator.
171 bool KilledBySignal::operator()(int exit_status
) const {
172 return WIFSIGNALED(exit_status
) && WTERMSIG(exit_status
) == signum_
;
174 # endif // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
178 // Utilities needed for death tests.
180 // Generates a textual description of a given exit code, in the format
181 // specified by wait(2).
182 static std::string
ExitSummary(int exit_code
) {
185 # if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
187 m
<< "Exited with exit status " << exit_code
;
191 if (WIFEXITED(exit_code
)) {
192 m
<< "Exited with exit status " << WEXITSTATUS(exit_code
);
193 } else if (WIFSIGNALED(exit_code
)) {
194 m
<< "Terminated by signal " << WTERMSIG(exit_code
);
197 if (WCOREDUMP(exit_code
)) {
198 m
<< " (core dumped)";
201 # endif // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
203 return m
.GetString();
206 // Returns true if exit_status describes a process that was terminated
207 // by a signal, or exited normally with a nonzero exit code.
208 bool ExitedUnsuccessfully(int exit_status
) {
209 return !ExitedWithCode(0)(exit_status
);
212 # if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
213 // Generates a textual failure message when a death test finds more than
214 // one thread running, or cannot determine the number of threads, prior
215 // to executing the given statement. It is the responsibility of the
216 // caller not to pass a thread_count of 1.
217 static std::string
DeathTestThreadWarning(size_t thread_count
) {
219 msg
<< "Death tests use fork(), which is unsafe particularly"
220 << " in a threaded context. For this test, " << GTEST_NAME_
<< " ";
221 if (thread_count
== 0)
222 msg
<< "couldn't detect the number of threads.";
224 msg
<< "detected " << thread_count
<< " threads.";
225 return msg
.GetString();
227 # endif // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
229 // Flag characters for reporting a death test that did not die.
230 static const char kDeathTestLived
= 'L';
231 static const char kDeathTestReturned
= 'R';
232 static const char kDeathTestThrew
= 'T';
233 static const char kDeathTestInternalError
= 'I';
235 // An enumeration describing all of the possible ways that a death test can
236 // conclude. DIED means that the process died while executing the test
237 // code; LIVED means that process lived beyond the end of the test code;
238 // RETURNED means that the test statement attempted to execute a return
239 // statement, which is not allowed; THREW means that the test statement
240 // returned control by throwing an exception. IN_PROGRESS means the test
241 // has not yet concluded.
242 // TODO(vladl@google.com): Unify names and possibly values for
243 // AbortReason, DeathTestOutcome, and flag characters above.
244 enum DeathTestOutcome
{ IN_PROGRESS
, DIED
, LIVED
, RETURNED
, THREW
};
246 // Routine for aborting the program which is safe to call from an
247 // exec-style death test child process, in which case the error
248 // message is propagated back to the parent process. Otherwise, the
249 // message is simply printed to stderr. In either case, the program
250 // then exits with status 1.
251 void DeathTestAbort(const std::string
& message
) {
252 // On a POSIX system, this function may be called from a threadsafe-style
253 // death test child process, which operates on a very small stack. Use
254 // the heap for any additional non-minuscule memory requirements.
255 const InternalRunDeathTestFlag
* const flag
=
256 GetUnitTestImpl()->internal_run_death_test_flag();
258 FILE* parent
= posix::FDOpen(flag
->write_fd(), "w");
259 fputc(kDeathTestInternalError
, parent
);
260 fprintf(parent
, "%s", message
.c_str());
264 fprintf(stderr
, "%s", message
.c_str());
270 // A replacement for CHECK that calls DeathTestAbort if the assertion
272 # define GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(expression) \
274 if (!::testing::internal::IsTrue(expression)) { \
276 ::std::string("CHECK failed: File ") + __FILE__ + ", line " \
277 + ::testing::internal::StreamableToString(__LINE__) + ": " \
280 } while (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse())
282 // This macro is similar to GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_, but it is meant for
283 // evaluating any system call that fulfills two conditions: it must return
284 // -1 on failure, and set errno to EINTR when it is interrupted and
285 // should be tried again. The macro expands to a loop that repeatedly
286 // evaluates the expression as long as it evaluates to -1 and sets
287 // errno to EINTR. If the expression evaluates to -1 but errno is
288 // something other than EINTR, DeathTestAbort is called.
289 # define GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(expression) \
293 gtest_retval = (expression); \
294 } while (gtest_retval == -1 && errno == EINTR); \
295 if (gtest_retval == -1) { \
297 ::std::string("CHECK failed: File ") + __FILE__ + ", line " \
298 + ::testing::internal::StreamableToString(__LINE__) + ": " \
299 + #expression + " != -1"); \
301 } while (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse())
303 // Returns the message describing the last system error in errno.
304 std::string
GetLastErrnoDescription() {
305 return errno
== 0 ? "" : posix::StrError(errno
);
308 // This is called from a death test parent process to read a failure
309 // message from the death test child process and log it with the FATAL
310 // severity. On Windows, the message is read from a pipe handle. On other
311 // platforms, it is read from a file descriptor.
312 static void FailFromInternalError(int fd
) {
318 while ((num_read
= posix::Read(fd
, buffer
, 255)) > 0) {
319 buffer
[num_read
] = '\0';
322 } while (num_read
== -1 && errno
== EINTR
);
325 GTEST_LOG_(FATAL
) << error
.GetString();
327 const int last_error
= errno
;
328 GTEST_LOG_(FATAL
) << "Error while reading death test internal: "
329 << GetLastErrnoDescription() << " [" << last_error
<< "]";
333 // Death test constructor. Increments the running death test count
334 // for the current test.
335 DeathTest::DeathTest() {
336 TestInfo
* const info
= GetUnitTestImpl()->current_test_info();
338 DeathTestAbort("Cannot run a death test outside of a TEST or "
343 // Creates and returns a death test by dispatching to the current
344 // death test factory.
345 bool DeathTest::Create(const char* statement
, const RE
* regex
,
346 const char* file
, int line
, DeathTest
** test
) {
347 return GetUnitTestImpl()->death_test_factory()->Create(
348 statement
, regex
, file
, line
, test
);
351 const char* DeathTest::LastMessage() {
352 return last_death_test_message_
.c_str();
355 void DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message(const std::string
& message
) {
356 last_death_test_message_
= message
;
359 std::string
DeathTest::last_death_test_message_
;
361 // Provides cross platform implementation for some death functionality.
362 class DeathTestImpl
: public DeathTest
{
364 DeathTestImpl(const char* a_statement
, const RE
* a_regex
)
365 : statement_(a_statement
),
369 outcome_(IN_PROGRESS
),
373 // read_fd_ is expected to be closed and cleared by a derived class.
374 ~DeathTestImpl() { GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(read_fd_
== -1); }
376 void Abort(AbortReason reason
);
377 virtual bool Passed(bool status_ok
);
379 const char* statement() const { return statement_
; }
380 const RE
* regex() const { return regex_
; }
381 bool spawned() const { return spawned_
; }
382 void set_spawned(bool is_spawned
) { spawned_
= is_spawned
; }
383 int status() const { return status_
; }
384 void set_status(int a_status
) { status_
= a_status
; }
385 DeathTestOutcome
outcome() const { return outcome_
; }
386 void set_outcome(DeathTestOutcome an_outcome
) { outcome_
= an_outcome
; }
387 int read_fd() const { return read_fd_
; }
388 void set_read_fd(int fd
) { read_fd_
= fd
; }
389 int write_fd() const { return write_fd_
; }
390 void set_write_fd(int fd
) { write_fd_
= fd
; }
392 // Called in the parent process only. Reads the result code of the death
393 // test child process via a pipe, interprets it to set the outcome_
394 // member, and closes read_fd_. Outputs diagnostics and terminates in
395 // case of unexpected codes.
396 void ReadAndInterpretStatusByte();
399 // The textual content of the code this object is testing. This class
400 // doesn't own this string and should not attempt to delete it.
401 const char* const statement_
;
402 // The regular expression which test output must match. DeathTestImpl
403 // doesn't own this object and should not attempt to delete it.
404 const RE
* const regex_
;
405 // True if the death test child process has been successfully spawned.
407 // The exit status of the child process.
409 // How the death test concluded.
410 DeathTestOutcome outcome_
;
411 // Descriptor to the read end of the pipe to the child process. It is
412 // always -1 in the child process. The child keeps its write end of the
413 // pipe in write_fd_.
415 // Descriptor to the child's write end of the pipe to the parent process.
416 // It is always -1 in the parent process. The parent keeps its end of the
421 // Called in the parent process only. Reads the result code of the death
422 // test child process via a pipe, interprets it to set the outcome_
423 // member, and closes read_fd_. Outputs diagnostics and terminates in
424 // case of unexpected codes.
425 void DeathTestImpl::ReadAndInterpretStatusByte() {
429 // The read() here blocks until data is available (signifying the
430 // failure of the death test) or until the pipe is closed (signifying
431 // its success), so it's okay to call this in the parent before
432 // the child process has exited.
434 bytes_read
= posix::Read(read_fd(), &flag
, 1);
435 } while (bytes_read
== -1 && errno
== EINTR
);
437 if (bytes_read
== 0) {
439 } else if (bytes_read
== 1) {
441 case kDeathTestReturned
:
442 set_outcome(RETURNED
);
444 case kDeathTestThrew
:
447 case kDeathTestLived
:
450 case kDeathTestInternalError
:
451 FailFromInternalError(read_fd()); // Does not return.
454 GTEST_LOG_(FATAL
) << "Death test child process reported "
455 << "unexpected status byte ("
456 << static_cast<unsigned int>(flag
) << ")";
459 GTEST_LOG_(FATAL
) << "Read from death test child process failed: "
460 << GetLastErrnoDescription();
462 GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(posix::Close(read_fd()));
466 // Signals that the death test code which should have exited, didn't.
467 // Should be called only in a death test child process.
468 // Writes a status byte to the child's status file descriptor, then
470 void DeathTestImpl::Abort(AbortReason reason
) {
471 // The parent process considers the death test to be a failure if
472 // it finds any data in our pipe. So, here we write a single flag byte
473 // to the pipe, then exit.
474 const char status_ch
=
475 reason
== TEST_DID_NOT_DIE
? kDeathTestLived
:
476 reason
== TEST_THREW_EXCEPTION
? kDeathTestThrew
: kDeathTestReturned
;
478 GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(posix::Write(write_fd(), &status_ch
, 1));
479 // We are leaking the descriptor here because on some platforms (i.e.,
480 // when built as Windows DLL), destructors of global objects will still
481 // run after calling _exit(). On such systems, write_fd_ will be
482 // indirectly closed from the destructor of UnitTestImpl, causing double
483 // close if it is also closed here. On debug configurations, double close
484 // may assert. As there are no in-process buffers to flush here, we are
485 // relying on the OS to close the descriptor after the process terminates
486 // when the destructors are not run.
487 _exit(1); // Exits w/o any normal exit hooks (we were supposed to crash)
490 // Returns an indented copy of stderr output for a death test.
491 // This makes distinguishing death test output lines from regular log lines
493 static ::std::string
FormatDeathTestOutput(const ::std::string
& output
) {
495 for (size_t at
= 0; ; ) {
496 const size_t line_end
= output
.find('\n', at
);
498 if (line_end
== ::std::string::npos
) {
499 ret
+= output
.substr(at
);
502 ret
+= output
.substr(at
, line_end
+ 1 - at
);
508 // Assesses the success or failure of a death test, using both private
509 // members which have previously been set, and one argument:
511 // Private data members:
512 // outcome: An enumeration describing how the death test
513 // concluded: DIED, LIVED, THREW, or RETURNED. The death test
514 // fails in the latter three cases.
515 // status: The exit status of the child process. On *nix, it is in the
516 // in the format specified by wait(2). On Windows, this is the
517 // value supplied to the ExitProcess() API or a numeric code
518 // of the exception that terminated the program.
519 // regex: A regular expression object to be applied to
520 // the test's captured standard error output; the death test
521 // fails if it does not match.
524 // status_ok: true if exit_status is acceptable in the context of
525 // this particular death test, which fails if it is false
527 // Returns true iff all of the above conditions are met. Otherwise, the
528 // first failing condition, in the order given above, is the one that is
529 // reported. Also sets the last death test message string.
530 bool DeathTestImpl::Passed(bool status_ok
) {
534 const std::string error_message
= GetCapturedStderr();
536 bool success
= false;
539 buffer
<< "Death test: " << statement() << "\n";
542 buffer
<< " Result: failed to die.\n"
543 << " Error msg:\n" << FormatDeathTestOutput(error_message
);
546 buffer
<< " Result: threw an exception.\n"
547 << " Error msg:\n" << FormatDeathTestOutput(error_message
);
550 buffer
<< " Result: illegal return in test statement.\n"
551 << " Error msg:\n" << FormatDeathTestOutput(error_message
);
555 const bool matched
= RE::PartialMatch(error_message
.c_str(), *regex());
559 buffer
<< " Result: died but not with expected error.\n"
560 << " Expected: " << regex()->pattern() << "\n"
561 << "Actual msg:\n" << FormatDeathTestOutput(error_message
);
564 buffer
<< " Result: died but not with expected exit code:\n"
565 << " " << ExitSummary(status()) << "\n"
566 << "Actual msg:\n" << FormatDeathTestOutput(error_message
);
572 << "DeathTest::Passed somehow called before conclusion of test";
575 DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message(buffer
.GetString());
579 # if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
580 // WindowsDeathTest implements death tests on Windows. Due to the
581 // specifics of starting new processes on Windows, death tests there are
582 // always threadsafe, and Google Test considers the
583 // --gtest_death_test_style=fast setting to be equivalent to
584 // --gtest_death_test_style=threadsafe there.
586 // A few implementation notes: Like the Linux version, the Windows
587 // implementation uses pipes for child-to-parent communication. But due to
588 // the specifics of pipes on Windows, some extra steps are required:
590 // 1. The parent creates a communication pipe and stores handles to both
592 // 2. The parent starts the child and provides it with the information
593 // necessary to acquire the handle to the write end of the pipe.
594 // 3. The child acquires the write end of the pipe and signals the parent
595 // using a Windows event.
596 // 4. Now the parent can release the write end of the pipe on its side. If
597 // this is done before step 3, the object's reference count goes down to
598 // 0 and it is destroyed, preventing the child from acquiring it. The
599 // parent now has to release it, or read operations on the read end of
600 // the pipe will not return when the child terminates.
601 // 5. The parent reads child's output through the pipe (outcome code and
602 // any possible error messages) from the pipe, and its stderr and then
603 // determines whether to fail the test.
605 // Note: to distinguish Win32 API calls from the local method and function
606 // calls, the former are explicitly resolved in the global namespace.
608 class WindowsDeathTest
: public DeathTestImpl
{
610 WindowsDeathTest(const char* a_statement
,
614 : DeathTestImpl(a_statement
, a_regex
), file_(file
), line_(line
) {}
616 // All of these virtual functions are inherited from DeathTest.
618 virtual TestRole
AssumeRole();
621 // The name of the file in which the death test is located.
622 const char* const file_
;
623 // The line number on which the death test is located.
625 // Handle to the write end of the pipe to the child process.
626 AutoHandle write_handle_
;
627 // Child process handle.
628 AutoHandle child_handle_
;
629 // Event the child process uses to signal the parent that it has
630 // acquired the handle to the write end of the pipe. After seeing this
631 // event the parent can release its own handles to make sure its
632 // ReadFile() calls return when the child terminates.
633 AutoHandle event_handle_
;
636 // Waits for the child in a death test to exit, returning its exit
637 // status, or 0 if no child process exists. As a side effect, sets the
638 // outcome data member.
639 int WindowsDeathTest::Wait() {
643 // Wait until the child either signals that it has acquired the write end
644 // of the pipe or it dies.
645 const HANDLE wait_handles
[2] = { child_handle_
.Get(), event_handle_
.Get() };
646 switch (::WaitForMultipleObjects(2,
648 FALSE
, // Waits for any of the handles.
651 case WAIT_OBJECT_0
+ 1:
654 GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(false); // Should not get here.
657 // The child has acquired the write end of the pipe or exited.
658 // We release the handle on our side and continue.
659 write_handle_
.Reset();
660 event_handle_
.Reset();
662 ReadAndInterpretStatusByte();
664 // Waits for the child process to exit if it haven't already. This
665 // returns immediately if the child has already exited, regardless of
666 // whether previous calls to WaitForMultipleObjects synchronized on this
668 GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(
669 WAIT_OBJECT_0
== ::WaitForSingleObject(child_handle_
.Get(),
672 GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(
673 ::GetExitCodeProcess(child_handle_
.Get(), &status_code
) != FALSE
);
674 child_handle_
.Reset();
675 set_status(static_cast<int>(status_code
));
679 // The AssumeRole process for a Windows death test. It creates a child
680 // process with the same executable as the current process to run the
681 // death test. The child process is given the --gtest_filter and
682 // --gtest_internal_run_death_test flags such that it knows to run the
683 // current death test only.
684 DeathTest::TestRole
WindowsDeathTest::AssumeRole() {
685 const UnitTestImpl
* const impl
= GetUnitTestImpl();
686 const InternalRunDeathTestFlag
* const flag
=
687 impl
->internal_run_death_test_flag();
688 const TestInfo
* const info
= impl
->current_test_info();
689 const int death_test_index
= info
->result()->death_test_count();
692 // ParseInternalRunDeathTestFlag() has performed all the necessary
694 set_write_fd(flag
->write_fd());
698 // WindowsDeathTest uses an anonymous pipe to communicate results of
700 SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES handles_are_inheritable
= {
701 sizeof(SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES
), NULL
, TRUE
};
702 HANDLE read_handle
, write_handle
;
703 GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(
704 ::CreatePipe(&read_handle
, &write_handle
, &handles_are_inheritable
,
705 0) // Default buffer size.
707 set_read_fd(::_open_osfhandle(reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(read_handle
),
709 write_handle_
.Reset(write_handle
);
710 event_handle_
.Reset(::CreateEvent(
711 &handles_are_inheritable
,
712 TRUE
, // The event will automatically reset to non-signaled state.
713 FALSE
, // The initial state is non-signalled.
714 NULL
)); // The even is unnamed.
715 GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(event_handle_
.Get() != NULL
);
716 const std::string filter_flag
=
717 std::string("--") + GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_
+ kFilterFlag
+ "=" +
718 info
->test_case_name() + "." + info
->name();
719 const std::string internal_flag
=
720 std::string("--") + GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_
+ kInternalRunDeathTestFlag
+
721 "=" + file_
+ "|" + StreamableToString(line_
) + "|" +
722 StreamableToString(death_test_index
) + "|" +
723 StreamableToString(static_cast<unsigned int>(::GetCurrentProcessId())) +
724 // size_t has the same width as pointers on both 32-bit and 64-bit
725 // Windows platforms.
726 // See http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/tcxf1dw6.aspx.
727 "|" + StreamableToString(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(write_handle
)) +
728 "|" + StreamableToString(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(event_handle_
.Get()));
730 char executable_path
[_MAX_PATH
+ 1]; // NOLINT
731 GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(
732 _MAX_PATH
+ 1 != ::GetModuleFileNameA(NULL
,
736 std::string command_line
=
737 std::string(::GetCommandLineA()) + " " + filter_flag
+ " \"" +
738 internal_flag
+ "\"";
740 DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message("");
743 // Flush the log buffers since the log streams are shared with the child.
746 // The child process will share the standard handles with the parent.
747 STARTUPINFOA startup_info
;
748 memset(&startup_info
, 0, sizeof(STARTUPINFO
));
749 startup_info
.dwFlags
= STARTF_USESTDHANDLES
;
750 startup_info
.hStdInput
= ::GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE
);
751 startup_info
.hStdOutput
= ::GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE
);
752 startup_info
.hStdError
= ::GetStdHandle(STD_ERROR_HANDLE
);
754 PROCESS_INFORMATION process_info
;
755 GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(::CreateProcessA(
757 const_cast<char*>(command_line
.c_str()),
758 NULL
, // Retuned process handle is not inheritable.
759 NULL
, // Retuned thread handle is not inheritable.
760 TRUE
, // Child inherits all inheritable handles (for write_handle_).
761 0x0, // Default creation flags.
762 NULL
, // Inherit the parent's environment.
763 UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir(),
765 &process_info
) != FALSE
);
766 child_handle_
.Reset(process_info
.hProcess
);
767 ::CloseHandle(process_info
.hThread
);
771 # else // We are not on Windows.
773 // ForkingDeathTest provides implementations for most of the abstract
774 // methods of the DeathTest interface. Only the AssumeRole method is
776 class ForkingDeathTest
: public DeathTestImpl
{
778 ForkingDeathTest(const char* statement
, const RE
* regex
);
780 // All of these virtual functions are inherited from DeathTest.
784 void set_child_pid(pid_t child_pid
) { child_pid_
= child_pid
; }
787 // PID of child process during death test; 0 in the child process itself.
791 // Constructs a ForkingDeathTest.
792 ForkingDeathTest::ForkingDeathTest(const char* a_statement
, const RE
* a_regex
)
793 : DeathTestImpl(a_statement
, a_regex
),
796 // Waits for the child in a death test to exit, returning its exit
797 // status, or 0 if no child process exists. As a side effect, sets the
798 // outcome data member.
799 int ForkingDeathTest::Wait() {
803 ReadAndInterpretStatusByte();
806 GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(waitpid(child_pid_
, &status_value
, 0));
807 set_status(status_value
);
811 // A concrete death test class that forks, then immediately runs the test
812 // in the child process.
813 class NoExecDeathTest
: public ForkingDeathTest
{
815 NoExecDeathTest(const char* a_statement
, const RE
* a_regex
) :
816 ForkingDeathTest(a_statement
, a_regex
) { }
817 virtual TestRole
AssumeRole();
820 // The AssumeRole process for a fork-and-run death test. It implements a
821 // straightforward fork, with a simple pipe to transmit the status byte.
822 DeathTest::TestRole
NoExecDeathTest::AssumeRole() {
823 const size_t thread_count
= GetThreadCount();
824 if (thread_count
!= 1) {
825 GTEST_LOG_(WARNING
) << DeathTestThreadWarning(thread_count
);
829 GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(pipe(pipe_fd
) != -1);
831 DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message("");
833 // When we fork the process below, the log file buffers are copied, but the
834 // file descriptors are shared. We flush all log files here so that closing
835 // the file descriptors in the child process doesn't throw off the
836 // synchronization between descriptors and buffers in the parent process.
837 // This is as close to the fork as possible to avoid a race condition in case
838 // there are multiple threads running before the death test, and another
839 // thread writes to the log file.
842 const pid_t child_pid
= fork();
843 GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(child_pid
!= -1);
844 set_child_pid(child_pid
);
845 if (child_pid
== 0) {
846 GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(close(pipe_fd
[0]));
847 set_write_fd(pipe_fd
[1]);
848 // Redirects all logging to stderr in the child process to prevent
849 // concurrent writes to the log files. We capture stderr in the parent
850 // process and append the child process' output to a log.
852 // Event forwarding to the listeners of event listener API mush be shut
853 // down in death test subprocesses.
854 GetUnitTestImpl()->listeners()->SuppressEventForwarding();
855 g_in_fast_death_test_child
= true;
858 GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(close(pipe_fd
[1]));
859 set_read_fd(pipe_fd
[0]);
865 // A concrete death test class that forks and re-executes the main
866 // program from the beginning, with command-line flags set that cause
867 // only this specific death test to be run.
868 class ExecDeathTest
: public ForkingDeathTest
{
870 ExecDeathTest(const char* a_statement
, const RE
* a_regex
,
871 const char* file
, int line
) :
872 ForkingDeathTest(a_statement
, a_regex
), file_(file
), line_(line
) { }
873 virtual TestRole
AssumeRole();
875 static ::std::vector
<testing::internal::string
>
876 GetArgvsForDeathTestChildProcess() {
877 ::std::vector
<testing::internal::string
> args
= GetInjectableArgvs();
880 // The name of the file in which the death test is located.
881 const char* const file_
;
882 // The line number on which the death test is located.
886 // Utility class for accumulating command-line arguments.
890 args_
.push_back(NULL
);
894 for (std::vector
<char*>::iterator i
= args_
.begin(); i
!= args_
.end();
899 void AddArgument(const char* argument
) {
900 args_
.insert(args_
.end() - 1, posix::StrDup(argument
));
903 template <typename Str
>
904 void AddArguments(const ::std::vector
<Str
>& arguments
) {
905 for (typename ::std::vector
<Str
>::const_iterator i
= arguments
.begin();
906 i
!= arguments
.end();
908 args_
.insert(args_
.end() - 1, posix::StrDup(i
->c_str()));
911 char* const* Argv() {
916 std::vector
<char*> args_
;
919 // A struct that encompasses the arguments to the child process of a
920 // threadsafe-style death test process.
921 struct ExecDeathTestArgs
{
922 char* const* argv
; // Command-line arguments for the child's call to exec
923 int close_fd
; // File descriptor to close; the read end of a pipe
927 inline char** GetEnviron() {
928 // When Google Test is built as a framework on MacOS X, the environ variable
929 // is unavailable. Apple's documentation (man environ) recommends using
930 // _NSGetEnviron() instead.
931 return *_NSGetEnviron();
934 // Some POSIX platforms expect you to declare environ. extern "C" makes
935 // it reside in the global namespace.
936 extern "C" char** environ
;
937 inline char** GetEnviron() { return environ
; }
938 # endif // GTEST_OS_MAC
941 // The main function for a threadsafe-style death test child process.
942 // This function is called in a clone()-ed process and thus must avoid
943 // any potentially unsafe operations like malloc or libc functions.
944 static int ExecDeathTestChildMain(void* child_arg
) {
945 ExecDeathTestArgs
* const args
= static_cast<ExecDeathTestArgs
*>(child_arg
);
946 GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(close(args
->close_fd
));
948 // We need to execute the test program in the same environment where
949 // it was originally invoked. Therefore we change to the original
950 // working directory first.
951 const char* const original_dir
=
952 UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir();
953 // We can safely call chdir() as it's a direct system call.
954 if (chdir(original_dir
) != 0) {
955 DeathTestAbort(std::string("chdir(\"") + original_dir
+ "\") failed: " +
956 GetLastErrnoDescription());
960 // We can safely call execve() as it's a direct system call. We
961 // cannot use execvp() as it's a libc function and thus potentially
962 // unsafe. Since execve() doesn't search the PATH, the user must
963 // invoke the test program via a valid path that contains at least
964 // one path separator.
965 execve(args
->argv
[0], args
->argv
, GetEnviron());
966 DeathTestAbort(std::string("execve(") + args
->argv
[0] + ", ...) in " +
967 original_dir
+ " failed: " +
968 GetLastErrnoDescription());
971 # endif // !GTEST_OS_QNX
973 // Two utility routines that together determine the direction the stack
975 // This could be accomplished more elegantly by a single recursive
976 // function, but we want to guard against the unlikely possibility of
977 // a smart compiler optimizing the recursion away.
979 // GTEST_NO_INLINE_ is required to prevent GCC 4.6 from inlining
980 // StackLowerThanAddress into StackGrowsDown, which then doesn't give
982 void StackLowerThanAddress(const void* ptr
, bool* result
) GTEST_NO_INLINE_
;
983 void StackLowerThanAddress(const void* ptr
, bool* result
) {
985 *result
= (&dummy
< ptr
);
988 bool StackGrowsDown() {
991 StackLowerThanAddress(&dummy
, &result
);
995 // Spawns a child process with the same executable as the current process in
996 // a thread-safe manner and instructs it to run the death test. The
997 // implementation uses fork(2) + exec. On systems where clone(2) is
998 // available, it is used instead, being slightly more thread-safe. On QNX,
999 // fork supports only single-threaded environments, so this function uses
1000 // spawn(2) there instead. The function dies with an error message if
1001 // anything goes wrong.
1002 static pid_t
ExecDeathTestSpawnChild(char* const* argv
, int close_fd
) {
1003 ExecDeathTestArgs args
= { argv
, close_fd
};
1004 pid_t child_pid
= -1;
1007 // Obtains the current directory and sets it to be closed in the child
1009 const int cwd_fd
= open(".", O_RDONLY
);
1010 GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(cwd_fd
!= -1);
1011 GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(fcntl(cwd_fd
, F_SETFD
, FD_CLOEXEC
));
1012 // We need to execute the test program in the same environment where
1013 // it was originally invoked. Therefore we change to the original
1014 // working directory first.
1015 const char* const original_dir
=
1016 UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir();
1017 // We can safely call chdir() as it's a direct system call.
1018 if (chdir(original_dir
) != 0) {
1019 DeathTestAbort(std::string("chdir(\"") + original_dir
+ "\") failed: " +
1020 GetLastErrnoDescription());
1021 return EXIT_FAILURE
;
1025 // Set close_fd to be closed after spawn.
1026 GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(fd_flags
= fcntl(close_fd
, F_GETFD
));
1027 GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(fcntl(close_fd
, F_SETFD
,
1028 fd_flags
| FD_CLOEXEC
));
1029 struct inheritance inherit
= {0};
1030 // spawn is a system call.
1031 child_pid
= spawn(args
.argv
[0], 0, NULL
, &inherit
, args
.argv
, GetEnviron());
1032 // Restores the current working directory.
1033 GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(fchdir(cwd_fd
) != -1);
1034 GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(close(cwd_fd
));
1036 # else // GTEST_OS_QNX
1038 // When a SIGPROF signal is received while fork() or clone() are executing,
1039 // the process may hang. To avoid this, we ignore SIGPROF here and re-enable
1040 // it after the call to fork()/clone() is complete.
1041 struct sigaction saved_sigprof_action
;
1042 struct sigaction ignore_sigprof_action
;
1043 memset(&ignore_sigprof_action
, 0, sizeof(ignore_sigprof_action
));
1044 sigemptyset(&ignore_sigprof_action
.sa_mask
);
1045 ignore_sigprof_action
.sa_handler
= SIG_IGN
;
1046 GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(sigaction(
1047 SIGPROF
, &ignore_sigprof_action
, &saved_sigprof_action
));
1048 # endif // GTEST_OS_LINUX
1050 # if GTEST_HAS_CLONE
1051 const bool use_fork
= GTEST_FLAG(death_test_use_fork
);
1054 static const bool stack_grows_down
= StackGrowsDown();
1055 const size_t stack_size
= getpagesize();
1056 // MMAP_ANONYMOUS is not defined on Mac, so we use MAP_ANON instead.
1057 void* const stack
= mmap(NULL
, stack_size
, PROT_READ
| PROT_WRITE
,
1058 MAP_ANON
| MAP_PRIVATE
, -1, 0);
1059 GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(stack
!= MAP_FAILED
);
1061 // Maximum stack alignment in bytes: For a downward-growing stack, this
1062 // amount is subtracted from size of the stack space to get an address
1063 // that is within the stack space and is aligned on all systems we care
1064 // about. As far as I know there is no ABI with stack alignment greater
1065 // than 64. We assume stack and stack_size already have alignment of
1066 // kMaxStackAlignment.
1067 const size_t kMaxStackAlignment
= 64;
1068 void* const stack_top
=
1069 static_cast<char*>(stack
) +
1070 (stack_grows_down
? stack_size
- kMaxStackAlignment
: 0);
1071 GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(stack_size
> kMaxStackAlignment
&&
1072 reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(stack_top
) % kMaxStackAlignment
== 0);
1074 child_pid
= clone(&ExecDeathTestChildMain
, stack_top
, SIGCHLD
, &args
);
1076 GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(munmap(stack
, stack_size
) != -1);
1079 const bool use_fork
= true;
1080 # endif // GTEST_HAS_CLONE
1082 if (use_fork
&& (child_pid
= fork()) == 0) {
1083 ExecDeathTestChildMain(&args
);
1086 # endif // GTEST_OS_QNX
1088 GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(
1089 sigaction(SIGPROF
, &saved_sigprof_action
, NULL
));
1090 # endif // GTEST_OS_LINUX
1092 GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(child_pid
!= -1);
1096 // The AssumeRole process for a fork-and-exec death test. It re-executes the
1097 // main program from the beginning, setting the --gtest_filter
1098 // and --gtest_internal_run_death_test flags to cause only the current
1099 // death test to be re-run.
1100 DeathTest::TestRole
ExecDeathTest::AssumeRole() {
1101 const UnitTestImpl
* const impl
= GetUnitTestImpl();
1102 const InternalRunDeathTestFlag
* const flag
=
1103 impl
->internal_run_death_test_flag();
1104 const TestInfo
* const info
= impl
->current_test_info();
1105 const int death_test_index
= info
->result()->death_test_count();
1108 set_write_fd(flag
->write_fd());
1109 return EXECUTE_TEST
;
1113 GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(pipe(pipe_fd
) != -1);
1114 // Clear the close-on-exec flag on the write end of the pipe, lest
1115 // it be closed when the child process does an exec:
1116 GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(fcntl(pipe_fd
[1], F_SETFD
, 0) != -1);
1118 const std::string filter_flag
=
1119 std::string("--") + GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_
+ kFilterFlag
+ "="
1120 + info
->test_case_name() + "." + info
->name();
1121 const std::string internal_flag
=
1122 std::string("--") + GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_
+ kInternalRunDeathTestFlag
+ "="
1123 + file_
+ "|" + StreamableToString(line_
) + "|"
1124 + StreamableToString(death_test_index
) + "|"
1125 + StreamableToString(pipe_fd
[1]);
1127 args
.AddArguments(GetArgvsForDeathTestChildProcess());
1128 args
.AddArgument(filter_flag
.c_str());
1129 args
.AddArgument(internal_flag
.c_str());
1131 DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message("");
1134 // See the comment in NoExecDeathTest::AssumeRole for why the next line
1138 const pid_t child_pid
= ExecDeathTestSpawnChild(args
.Argv(), pipe_fd
[0]);
1139 GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(close(pipe_fd
[1]));
1140 set_child_pid(child_pid
);
1141 set_read_fd(pipe_fd
[0]);
1143 return OVERSEE_TEST
;
1146 # endif // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
1148 // Creates a concrete DeathTest-derived class that depends on the
1149 // --gtest_death_test_style flag, and sets the pointer pointed to
1150 // by the "test" argument to its address. If the test should be
1151 // skipped, sets that pointer to NULL. Returns true, unless the
1152 // flag is set to an invalid value.
1153 bool DefaultDeathTestFactory::Create(const char* statement
, const RE
* regex
,
1154 const char* file
, int line
,
1156 UnitTestImpl
* const impl
= GetUnitTestImpl();
1157 const InternalRunDeathTestFlag
* const flag
=
1158 impl
->internal_run_death_test_flag();
1159 const int death_test_index
= impl
->current_test_info()
1160 ->increment_death_test_count();
1163 if (death_test_index
> flag
->index()) {
1164 DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message(
1165 "Death test count (" + StreamableToString(death_test_index
)
1166 + ") somehow exceeded expected maximum ("
1167 + StreamableToString(flag
->index()) + ")");
1171 if (!(flag
->file() == file
&& flag
->line() == line
&&
1172 flag
->index() == death_test_index
)) {
1178 # if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
1180 if (GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style
) == "threadsafe" ||
1181 GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style
) == "fast") {
1182 *test
= new WindowsDeathTest(statement
, regex
, file
, line
);
1187 if (GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style
) == "threadsafe") {
1188 *test
= new ExecDeathTest(statement
, regex
, file
, line
);
1189 } else if (GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style
) == "fast") {
1190 *test
= new NoExecDeathTest(statement
, regex
);
1193 # endif // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
1195 else { // NOLINT - this is more readable than unbalanced brackets inside #if.
1196 DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message(
1197 "Unknown death test style \"" + GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style
)
1198 + "\" encountered");
1205 // Splits a given string on a given delimiter, populating a given
1206 // vector with the fields. GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST implies that we have
1207 // ::std::string, so we can use it here.
1208 static void SplitString(const ::std::string
& str
, char delimiter
,
1209 ::std::vector
< ::std::string
>* dest
) {
1210 ::std::vector
< ::std::string
> parsed
;
1211 ::std::string::size_type pos
= 0;
1212 while (::testing::internal::AlwaysTrue()) {
1213 const ::std::string::size_type colon
= str
.find(delimiter
, pos
);
1214 if (colon
== ::std::string::npos
) {
1215 parsed
.push_back(str
.substr(pos
));
1218 parsed
.push_back(str
.substr(pos
, colon
- pos
));
1225 # if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
1226 // Recreates the pipe and event handles from the provided parameters,
1227 // signals the event, and returns a file descriptor wrapped around the pipe
1228 // handle. This function is called in the child process only.
1229 int GetStatusFileDescriptor(unsigned int parent_process_id
,
1230 size_t write_handle_as_size_t
,
1231 size_t event_handle_as_size_t
) {
1232 AutoHandle
parent_process_handle(::OpenProcess(PROCESS_DUP_HANDLE
,
1233 FALSE
, // Non-inheritable.
1234 parent_process_id
));
1235 if (parent_process_handle
.Get() == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE
) {
1236 DeathTestAbort("Unable to open parent process " +
1237 StreamableToString(parent_process_id
));
1240 // TODO(vladl@google.com): Replace the following check with a
1241 // compile-time assertion when available.
1242 GTEST_CHECK_(sizeof(HANDLE
) <= sizeof(size_t));
1244 const HANDLE write_handle
=
1245 reinterpret_cast<HANDLE
>(write_handle_as_size_t
);
1246 HANDLE dup_write_handle
;
1248 // The newly initialized handle is accessible only in in the parent
1249 // process. To obtain one accessible within the child, we need to use
1251 if (!::DuplicateHandle(parent_process_handle
.Get(), write_handle
,
1252 ::GetCurrentProcess(), &dup_write_handle
,
1253 0x0, // Requested privileges ignored since
1254 // DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS is used.
1255 FALSE
, // Request non-inheritable handler.
1256 DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS
)) {
1257 DeathTestAbort("Unable to duplicate the pipe handle " +
1258 StreamableToString(write_handle_as_size_t
) +
1259 " from the parent process " +
1260 StreamableToString(parent_process_id
));
1263 const HANDLE event_handle
= reinterpret_cast<HANDLE
>(event_handle_as_size_t
);
1264 HANDLE dup_event_handle
;
1266 if (!::DuplicateHandle(parent_process_handle
.Get(), event_handle
,
1267 ::GetCurrentProcess(), &dup_event_handle
,
1270 DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS
)) {
1271 DeathTestAbort("Unable to duplicate the event handle " +
1272 StreamableToString(event_handle_as_size_t
) +
1273 " from the parent process " +
1274 StreamableToString(parent_process_id
));
1277 const int write_fd
=
1278 ::_open_osfhandle(reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(dup_write_handle
), O_APPEND
);
1279 if (write_fd
== -1) {
1280 DeathTestAbort("Unable to convert pipe handle " +
1281 StreamableToString(write_handle_as_size_t
) +
1282 " to a file descriptor");
1285 // Signals the parent that the write end of the pipe has been acquired
1286 // so the parent can release its own write end.
1287 ::SetEvent(dup_event_handle
);
1291 # endif // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
1293 // Returns a newly created InternalRunDeathTestFlag object with fields
1294 // initialized from the GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test) flag if
1295 // the flag is specified; otherwise returns NULL.
1296 InternalRunDeathTestFlag
* ParseInternalRunDeathTestFlag() {
1297 if (GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test
) == "") return NULL
;
1299 // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST implies that we have ::std::string, so we
1303 ::std::vector
< ::std::string
> fields
;
1304 SplitString(GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test
).c_str(), '|', &fields
);
1307 # if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
1309 unsigned int parent_process_id
= 0;
1310 size_t write_handle_as_size_t
= 0;
1311 size_t event_handle_as_size_t
= 0;
1313 if (fields
.size() != 6
1314 || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields
[1], &line
)
1315 || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields
[2], &index
)
1316 || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields
[3], &parent_process_id
)
1317 || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields
[4], &write_handle_as_size_t
)
1318 || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields
[5], &event_handle_as_size_t
)) {
1319 DeathTestAbort("Bad --gtest_internal_run_death_test flag: " +
1320 GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test
));
1322 write_fd
= GetStatusFileDescriptor(parent_process_id
,
1323 write_handle_as_size_t
,
1324 event_handle_as_size_t
);
1327 if (fields
.size() != 4
1328 || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields
[1], &line
)
1329 || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields
[2], &index
)
1330 || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields
[3], &write_fd
)) {
1331 DeathTestAbort("Bad --gtest_internal_run_death_test flag: "
1332 + GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test
));
1335 # endif // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
1337 return new InternalRunDeathTestFlag(fields
[0], line
, index
, write_fd
);
1340 } // namespace internal
1342 #endif // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
1344 } // namespace testing