"""core of the python-based POWER9 simulator this is part of a cycle-accurate POWER9 simulator. its primary purpose is not speed, it is for both learning and educational purposes, as well as a method of verifying the HDL. related bugs: * https://bugs.libre-soc.org/show_bug.cgi?id=424 """ from functools import wraps from copy import copy from soc.decoder.orderedset import OrderedSet from soc.decoder.selectable_int import (FieldSelectableInt, SelectableInt, selectconcat) from soc.decoder.power_enums import (spr_dict, spr_byname, XER_bits, insns, MicrOp) from soc.decoder.helpers import exts, gtu, ltu from soc.consts import PIb, MSRb # big-endian (PowerISA versions) from collections import namedtuple import math import sys instruction_info = namedtuple('instruction_info', 'func read_regs uninit_regs write_regs ' + 'special_regs op_fields form asmregs') special_sprs = { 'LR': 8, 'CTR': 9, 'TAR': 815, 'XER': 1, 'VRSAVE': 256} def swap_order(x, nbytes): x = x.to_bytes(nbytes, byteorder='little') x = int.from_bytes(x, byteorder='big', signed=False) return x def create_args(reglist, extra=None): args = OrderedSet() for reg in reglist: args.add(reg) args = list(args) if extra: args = [extra] + args return args class Mem: def __init__(self, row_bytes=8, initial_mem=None): self.mem = {} self.bytes_per_word = row_bytes self.word_log2 = math.ceil(math.log2(row_bytes)) print("Sim-Mem", initial_mem, self.bytes_per_word, self.word_log2) if not initial_mem: return # different types of memory data structures recognised (for convenience) if isinstance(initial_mem, list): initial_mem = (0, initial_mem) if isinstance(initial_mem, tuple): startaddr, mem = initial_mem initial_mem = {} for i, val in enumerate(mem): initial_mem[startaddr + row_bytes*i] = (val, row_bytes) for addr, (val, width) in initial_mem.items(): #val = swap_order(val, width) self.st(addr, val, width, swap=False) def _get_shifter_mask(self, wid, remainder): shifter = ((self.bytes_per_word - wid) - remainder) * \ 8 # bits per byte # XXX https://bugs.libre-soc.org/show_bug.cgi?id=377 # BE/LE mode? shifter = remainder * 8 mask = (1 << (wid * 8)) - 1 print("width,rem,shift,mask", wid, remainder, hex(shifter), hex(mask)) return shifter, mask # TODO: Implement ld/st of lesser width def ld(self, address, width=8, swap=True, check_in_mem=False): print("ld from addr 0x{:x} width {:d}".format(address, width)) remainder = address & (self.bytes_per_word - 1) address = address >> self.word_log2 assert remainder & (width - 1) == 0, "Unaligned access unsupported!" if address in self.mem: val = self.mem[address] elif check_in_mem: return None else: val = 0 print("mem @ 0x{:x} rem {:d} : 0x{:x}".format(address, remainder, val)) if width != self.bytes_per_word: shifter, mask = self._get_shifter_mask(width, remainder) print("masking", hex(val), hex(mask << shifter), shifter) val = val & (mask << shifter) val >>= shifter if swap: val = swap_order(val, width) print("Read 0x{:x} from addr 0x{:x}".format(val, address)) return val def st(self, addr, v, width=8, swap=True): staddr = addr remainder = addr & (self.bytes_per_word - 1) addr = addr >> self.word_log2 print("Writing 0x{:x} to ST 0x{:x} " "memaddr 0x{:x}/{:x}".format(v, staddr, addr, remainder, swap)) assert remainder & (width - 1) == 0, "Unaligned access unsupported!" if swap: v = swap_order(v, width) if width != self.bytes_per_word: if addr in self.mem: val = self.mem[addr] else: val = 0 shifter, mask = self._get_shifter_mask(width, remainder) val &= ~(mask << shifter) val |= v << shifter self.mem[addr] = val else: self.mem[addr] = v print("mem @ 0x{:x}: 0x{:x}".format(addr, self.mem[addr])) def __call__(self, addr, sz): val = self.ld(addr.value, sz, swap=False) print("memread", addr, sz, val) return SelectableInt(val, sz*8) def memassign(self, addr, sz, val): print("memassign", addr, sz, val) self.st(addr.value, val.value, sz, swap=False) class GPR(dict): def __init__(self, decoder, regfile): dict.__init__(self) self.sd = decoder for i in range(32): self[i] = SelectableInt(regfile[i], 64) def __call__(self, ridx): return self[ridx] def set_form(self, form): self.form = form def getz(self, rnum): # rnum = rnum.value # only SelectableInt allowed print("GPR getzero", rnum) if rnum == 0: return SelectableInt(0, 64) return self[rnum] def _get_regnum(self, attr): getform = self.sd.sigforms[self.form] rnum = getattr(getform, attr) return rnum def ___getitem__(self, attr): print("GPR getitem", attr) rnum = self._get_regnum(attr) return self.regfile[rnum] def dump(self): for i in range(0, len(self), 8): s = [] for j in range(8): s.append("%08x" % self[i+j].value) s = ' '.join(s) print("reg", "%2d" % i, s) class PC: def __init__(self, pc_init=0): self.CIA = SelectableInt(pc_init, 64) self.NIA = self.CIA + SelectableInt(4, 64) def update(self, namespace): self.CIA = namespace['NIA'].narrow(64) self.NIA = self.CIA + SelectableInt(4, 64) namespace['CIA'] = self.CIA namespace['NIA'] = self.NIA class SPR(dict): def __init__(self, dec2, initial_sprs={}): self.sd = dec2 dict.__init__(self) for key, v in initial_sprs.items(): if isinstance(key, SelectableInt): key = key.value key = special_sprs.get(key, key) if isinstance(key, int): info = spr_dict[key] else: info = spr_byname[key] if not isinstance(v, SelectableInt): v = SelectableInt(v, info.length) self[key] = v def __getitem__(self, key): print("get spr", key) print("dict", self.items()) # if key in special_sprs get the special spr, otherwise return key if isinstance(key, SelectableInt): key = key.value if isinstance(key, int): key = spr_dict[key].SPR key = special_sprs.get(key, key) if key == 'HSRR0': # HACK! key = 'SRR0' if key == 'HSRR1': # HACK! key = 'SRR1' if key in self: res = dict.__getitem__(self, key) else: if isinstance(key, int): info = spr_dict[key] else: info = spr_byname[key] dict.__setitem__(self, key, SelectableInt(0, info.length)) res = dict.__getitem__(self, key) print("spr returning", key, res) return res def __setitem__(self, key, value): if isinstance(key, SelectableInt): key = key.value if isinstance(key, int): key = spr_dict[key].SPR print("spr key", key) key = special_sprs.get(key, key) if key == 'HSRR0': # HACK! self.__setitem__('SRR0', value) if key == 'HSRR1': # HACK! self.__setitem__('SRR1', value) print("setting spr", key, value) dict.__setitem__(self, key, value) def __call__(self, ridx): return self[ridx] class ISACaller: # decoder2 - an instance of power_decoder2 # regfile - a list of initial values for the registers # initial_{etc} - initial values for SPRs, Condition Register, Mem, MSR # respect_pc - tracks the program counter. requires initial_insns def __init__(self, decoder2, regfile, initial_sprs=None, initial_cr=0, initial_mem=None, initial_msr=0, initial_insns=None, respect_pc=False, disassembly=None, initial_pc=0, bigendian=False): self.bigendian = bigendian self.halted = False self.respect_pc = respect_pc if initial_sprs is None: initial_sprs = {} if initial_mem is None: initial_mem = {} if initial_insns is None: initial_insns = {} assert self.respect_pc == False, "instructions required to honor pc" print("ISACaller insns", respect_pc, initial_insns, disassembly) print("ISACaller initial_msr", initial_msr) # "fake program counter" mode (for unit testing) self.fake_pc = 0 disasm_start = 0 if not respect_pc: if isinstance(initial_mem, tuple): self.fake_pc = initial_mem[0] disasm_start = self.fake_pc else: disasm_start = initial_pc # disassembly: we need this for now (not given from the decoder) self.disassembly = {} if disassembly: for i, code in enumerate(disassembly): self.disassembly[i*4 + disasm_start] = code # set up registers, instruction memory, data memory, PC, SPRs, MSR self.gpr = GPR(decoder2, regfile) self.mem = Mem(row_bytes=8, initial_mem=initial_mem) self.imem = Mem(row_bytes=4, initial_mem=initial_insns) self.pc = PC() self.spr = SPR(decoder2, initial_sprs) self.msr = SelectableInt(initial_msr, 64) # underlying reg # TODO, needed here: # FPR (same as GPR except for FP nums) # 4.2.2 p124 FPSCR (definitely "separate" - not in SPR) # note that mffs, mcrfs, mtfsf "manage" this FPSCR # 2.3.1 CR (and sub-fields CR0..CR6 - CR0 SO comes from XER.SO) # note that mfocrf, mfcr, mtcr, mtocrf, mcrxrx "manage" CRs # -- Done # 2.3.2 LR (actually SPR #8) -- Done # 2.3.3 CTR (actually SPR #9) -- Done # 2.3.4 TAR (actually SPR #815) # 3.2.2 p45 XER (actually SPR #1) -- Done # 3.2.3 p46 p232 VRSAVE (actually SPR #256) # create CR then allow portions of it to be "selectable" (below) #rev_cr = int('{:016b}'.format(initial_cr)[::-1], 2) self.cr = SelectableInt(initial_cr, 64) # underlying reg #self.cr = FieldSelectableInt(self._cr, list(range(32, 64))) # "undefined", just set to variable-bit-width int (use exts "max") self.undefined = SelectableInt(0, 256) # TODO, not hard-code 256! self.namespace = {} self.namespace.update(self.spr) self.namespace.update({'GPR': self.gpr, 'MEM': self.mem, 'SPR': self.spr, 'memassign': self.memassign, 'NIA': self.pc.NIA, 'CIA': self.pc.CIA, 'CR': self.cr, 'MSR': self.msr, 'undefined': self.undefined, 'mode_is_64bit': True, 'SO': XER_bits['SO'] }) # update pc to requested start point self.set_pc(initial_pc) # field-selectable versions of Condition Register TODO check bitranges? self.crl = [] for i in range(8): bits = tuple(range(i*4+32, (i+1)*4+32)) # errr... maybe? _cr = FieldSelectableInt(self.cr, bits) self.crl.append(_cr) self.namespace["CR%d" % i] = _cr self.decoder = decoder2.dec self.dec2 = decoder2 def TRAP(self, trap_addr=0x700, trap_bit=PIb.TRAP): print("TRAP:", hex(trap_addr), hex(self.namespace['MSR'].value)) # store CIA(+4?) in SRR0, set NIA to 0x700 # store MSR in SRR1, set MSR to um errr something, have to check spec self.spr['SRR0'].value = self.pc.CIA.value self.spr['SRR1'].value = self.namespace['MSR'].value self.trap_nia = SelectableInt(trap_addr, 64) self.spr['SRR1'][trap_bit] = 1 # change *copy* of MSR in SRR1 # set exception bits. TODO: this should, based on the address # in figure 66 p1065 V3.0B and the table figure 65 p1063 set these # bits appropriately. however it turns out that *for now* in all # cases (all trap_addrs) the exact same thing is needed. self.msr[MSRb.IR] = 0 self.msr[MSRb.DR] = 0 self.msr[MSRb.FE0] = 0 self.msr[MSRb.FE1] = 0 self.msr[MSRb.EE] = 0 self.msr[MSRb.RI] = 0 self.msr[MSRb.SF] = 1 self.msr[MSRb.TM] = 0 self.msr[MSRb.VEC] = 0 self.msr[MSRb.VSX] = 0 self.msr[MSRb.PR] = 0 self.msr[MSRb.FP] = 0 self.msr[MSRb.PMM] = 0 self.msr[MSRb.TEs] = 0 self.msr[MSRb.TEe] = 0 self.msr[MSRb.UND] = 0 self.msr[MSRb.LE] = 1 def memassign(self, ea, sz, val): self.mem.memassign(ea, sz, val) def prep_namespace(self, formname, op_fields): # TODO: get field names from form in decoder*1* (not decoder2) # decoder2 is hand-created, and decoder1.sigform is auto-generated # from spec # then "yield" fields only from op_fields rather than hard-coded # list, here. fields = self.decoder.sigforms[formname] for name in op_fields: if name == 'spr': sig = getattr(fields, name.upper()) else: sig = getattr(fields, name) val = yield sig # these are all opcode fields involved in index-selection of CR, # and need to do "standard" arithmetic. CR[BA+32] for example # would, if using SelectableInt, only be 5-bit. if name in ['BF', 'BFA', 'BC', 'BA', 'BB', 'BT', 'BI']: self.namespace[name] = val else: self.namespace[name] = SelectableInt(val, sig.width) self.namespace['XER'] = self.spr['XER'] self.namespace['CA'] = self.spr['XER'][XER_bits['CA']].value self.namespace['CA32'] = self.spr['XER'][XER_bits['CA32']].value def handle_carry_(self, inputs, outputs, already_done): inv_a = yield self.dec2.e.do.invert_in if inv_a: inputs[0] = ~inputs[0] imm_ok = yield self.dec2.e.do.imm_data.ok if imm_ok: imm = yield self.dec2.e.do.imm_data.data inputs.append(SelectableInt(imm, 64)) assert len(outputs) >= 1 print("outputs", repr(outputs)) if isinstance(outputs, list) or isinstance(outputs, tuple): output = outputs[0] else: output = outputs gts = [] for x in inputs: print("gt input", x, output) gt = (gtu(x, output)) gts.append(gt) print(gts) cy = 1 if any(gts) else 0 print("CA", cy, gts) if not (1 & already_done): self.spr['XER'][XER_bits['CA']] = cy print("inputs", already_done, inputs) # 32 bit carry # ARGH... different for OP_ADD... *sigh*... op = yield self.dec2.e.do.insn_type if op == MicrOp.OP_ADD.value: res32 = (output.value & (1 << 32)) != 0 a32 = (inputs[0].value & (1 << 32)) != 0 if len(inputs) >= 2: b32 = (inputs[1].value & (1 << 32)) != 0 else: b32 = False cy32 = res32 ^ a32 ^ b32 print("CA32 ADD", cy32) else: gts = [] for x in inputs: print("input", x, output) print(" x[32:64]", x, x[32:64]) print(" o[32:64]", output, output[32:64]) gt = (gtu(x[32:64], output[32:64])) == SelectableInt(1, 1) gts.append(gt) cy32 = 1 if any(gts) else 0 print("CA32", cy32, gts) if not (2 & already_done): self.spr['XER'][XER_bits['CA32']] = cy32 def handle_overflow(self, inputs, outputs, div_overflow): if hasattr(self.dec2.e.do, "invert_in"): inv_a = yield self.dec2.e.do.invert_in if inv_a: inputs[0] = ~inputs[0] imm_ok = yield self.dec2.e.do.imm_data.ok if imm_ok: imm = yield self.dec2.e.do.imm_data.data inputs.append(SelectableInt(imm, 64)) assert len(outputs) >= 1 print("handle_overflow", inputs, outputs, div_overflow) if len(inputs) < 2 and div_overflow is None: return # div overflow is different: it's returned by the pseudo-code # because it's more complex than can be done by analysing the output if div_overflow is not None: ov, ov32 = div_overflow, div_overflow # arithmetic overflow can be done by analysing the input and output elif len(inputs) >= 2: output = outputs[0] # OV (64-bit) input_sgn = [exts(x.value, x.bits) < 0 for x in inputs] output_sgn = exts(output.value, output.bits) < 0 ov = 1 if input_sgn[0] == input_sgn[1] and \ output_sgn != input_sgn[0] else 0 # OV (32-bit) input32_sgn = [exts(x.value, 32) < 0 for x in inputs] output32_sgn = exts(output.value, 32) < 0 ov32 = 1 if input32_sgn[0] == input32_sgn[1] and \ output32_sgn != input32_sgn[0] else 0 self.spr['XER'][XER_bits['OV']] = ov self.spr['XER'][XER_bits['OV32']] = ov32 so = self.spr['XER'][XER_bits['SO']] so = so | ov self.spr['XER'][XER_bits['SO']] = so def handle_comparison(self, outputs): out = outputs[0] assert isinstance(out, SelectableInt), \ "out zero not a SelectableInt %s" % repr(outputs) print("handle_comparison", out.bits, hex(out.value)) # TODO - XXX *processor* in 32-bit mode # https://bugs.libre-soc.org/show_bug.cgi?id=424 # if is_32bit: # o32 = exts(out.value, 32) # print ("handle_comparison exts 32 bit", hex(o32)) out = exts(out.value, out.bits) print("handle_comparison exts", hex(out)) zero = SelectableInt(out == 0, 1) positive = SelectableInt(out > 0, 1) negative = SelectableInt(out < 0, 1) SO = self.spr['XER'][XER_bits['SO']] print("handle_comparison SO", SO) cr_field = selectconcat(negative, positive, zero, SO) self.crl[0].eq(cr_field) def set_pc(self, pc_val): self.namespace['NIA'] = SelectableInt(pc_val, 64) self.pc.update(self.namespace) def setup_one(self): """set up one instruction """ if self.respect_pc: pc = self.pc.CIA.value else: pc = self.fake_pc self._pc = pc ins = self.imem.ld(pc, 4, False, True) if ins is None: raise KeyError("no instruction at 0x%x" % pc) print("setup: 0x%x 0x%x %s" % (pc, ins & 0xffffffff, bin(ins))) print("CIA NIA", self.respect_pc, self.pc.CIA.value, self.pc.NIA.value) yield self.dec2.dec.raw_opcode_in.eq(ins & 0xffffffff) yield self.dec2.dec.bigendian.eq(self.bigendian) yield self.dec2.state.msr.eq(self.msr.value) yield self.dec2.state.pc.eq(pc) def execute_one(self): """execute one instruction """ # get the disassembly code for this instruction code = self.disassembly[self._pc] print("sim-execute", hex(self._pc), code) opname = code.split(' ')[0] yield from self.call(opname) if not self.respect_pc: self.fake_pc += 4 print("execute one, CIA NIA", self.pc.CIA.value, self.pc.NIA.value) def get_assembly_name(self): # TODO, asmregs is from the spec, e.g. add RT,RA,RB # see http://bugs.libre-riscv.org/show_bug.cgi?id=282 dec_insn = yield self.dec2.e.do.insn asmcode = yield self.dec2.dec.op.asmcode print("get assembly name asmcode", asmcode, hex(dec_insn)) asmop = insns.get(asmcode, None) int_op = yield self.dec2.dec.op.internal_op # sigh reconstruct the assembly instruction name if hasattr(self.dec2.e.do, "oe"): ov_en = yield self.dec2.e.do.oe.oe ov_ok = yield self.dec2.e.do.oe.ok else: ov_en = False ov_ok = False if hasattr(self.dec2.e.do, "rc"): rc_en = yield self.dec2.e.do.rc.rc rc_ok = yield self.dec2.e.do.rc.ok else: rc_en = False rc_ok = False # grrrr have to special-case MUL op (see DecodeOE) print("ov %d en %d rc %d en %d op %d" % (ov_ok, ov_en, rc_ok, rc_en, int_op)) if int_op in [MicrOp.OP_MUL_H64.value, MicrOp.OP_MUL_H32.value]: print("mul op") if rc_en & rc_ok: asmop += "." else: if not asmop.endswith("."): # don't add "." to "andis." if rc_en & rc_ok: asmop += "." if hasattr(self.dec2.e.do, "lk"): lk = yield self.dec2.e.do.lk if lk: asmop += "l" print("int_op", int_op) if int_op in [MicrOp.OP_B.value, MicrOp.OP_BC.value]: AA = yield self.dec2.dec.fields.FormI.AA[0:-1] print("AA", AA) if AA: asmop += "a" spr_msb = yield from self.get_spr_msb() if int_op == MicrOp.OP_MFCR.value: if spr_msb: asmop = 'mfocrf' else: asmop = 'mfcr' # XXX TODO: for whatever weird reason this doesn't work # https://bugs.libre-soc.org/show_bug.cgi?id=390 if int_op == MicrOp.OP_MTCRF.value: if spr_msb: asmop = 'mtocrf' else: asmop = 'mtcrf' return asmop def get_spr_msb(self): dec_insn = yield self.dec2.e.do.insn return dec_insn & (1 << 20) != 0 # sigh - XFF.spr[-1]? def call(self, name): name = name.strip() # remove spaces if not already done so if self.halted: print("halted - not executing", name) return # TODO, asmregs is from the spec, e.g. add RT,RA,RB # see http://bugs.libre-riscv.org/show_bug.cgi?id=282 asmop = yield from self.get_assembly_name() print("call", name, asmop) # check privileged int_op = yield self.dec2.dec.op.internal_op spr_msb = yield from self.get_spr_msb() instr_is_privileged = False if int_op in [MicrOp.OP_ATTN.value, MicrOp.OP_MFMSR.value, MicrOp.OP_MTMSR.value, MicrOp.OP_MTMSRD.value, # TODO: OP_TLBIE MicrOp.OP_RFID.value]: instr_is_privileged = True if int_op in [MicrOp.OP_MFSPR.value, MicrOp.OP_MTSPR.value] and spr_msb: instr_is_privileged = True print("is priv", instr_is_privileged, hex(self.msr.value), self.msr[MSRb.PR]) # check MSR priv bit and whether op is privileged: if so, throw trap if instr_is_privileged and self.msr[MSRb.PR] == 1: self.TRAP(0x700, PIb.PRIV) self.namespace['NIA'] = self.trap_nia self.pc.update(self.namespace) return # check halted condition if name == 'attn': self.halted = True return # check illegal instruction illegal = False if name not in ['mtcrf', 'mtocrf']: illegal = name != asmop if illegal: print("illegal", name, asmop) self.TRAP(0x700, PIb.ILLEG) self.namespace['NIA'] = self.trap_nia self.pc.update(self.namespace) print("name %s != %s - calling ILLEGAL trap, PC: %x" % (name, asmop, self.pc.CIA.value)) return info = self.instrs[name] yield from self.prep_namespace(info.form, info.op_fields) # preserve order of register names input_names = create_args(list(info.read_regs) + list(info.uninit_regs)) print(input_names) # main registers (RT, RA ...) inputs = [] for name in input_names: regnum = yield getattr(self.decoder, name) regname = "_" + name self.namespace[regname] = regnum print('reading reg %d' % regnum) inputs.append(self.gpr(regnum)) # "special" registers for special in info.special_regs: if special in special_sprs: inputs.append(self.spr[special]) else: inputs.append(self.namespace[special]) # clear trap (trap) NIA self.trap_nia = None print(inputs) results = info.func(self, *inputs) print(results) # "inject" decorator takes namespace from function locals: we need to # overwrite NIA being overwritten (sigh) if self.trap_nia is not None: self.namespace['NIA'] = self.trap_nia print("after func", self.namespace['CIA'], self.namespace['NIA']) # detect if CA/CA32 already in outputs (sra*, basically) already_done = 0 if info.write_regs: output_names = create_args(info.write_regs) for name in output_names: if name == 'CA': already_done |= 1 if name == 'CA32': already_done |= 2 print("carry already done?", bin(already_done)) if hasattr(self.dec2.e.do, "output_carry"): carry_en = yield self.dec2.e.do.output_carry else: carry_en = False if carry_en: yield from self.handle_carry_(inputs, results, already_done) # detect if overflow was in return result overflow = None if info.write_regs: for name, output in zip(output_names, results): if name == 'overflow': overflow = output if hasattr(self.dec2.e.do, "oe"): ov_en = yield self.dec2.e.do.oe.oe ov_ok = yield self.dec2.e.do.oe.ok else: ov_en = False ov_ok = False print("internal overflow", overflow, ov_en, ov_ok) if ov_en & ov_ok: yield from self.handle_overflow(inputs, results, overflow) if hasattr(self.dec2.e.do, "rc"): rc_en = yield self.dec2.e.do.rc.rc else: rc_en = False if rc_en: self.handle_comparison(results) # any modified return results? if info.write_regs: for name, output in zip(output_names, results): if name == 'overflow': # ignore, done already (above) continue if isinstance(output, int): output = SelectableInt(output, 256) if name in ['CA', 'CA32']: if carry_en: print("writing %s to XER" % name, output) self.spr['XER'][XER_bits[name]] = output.value else: print("NOT writing %s to XER" % name, output) elif name in info.special_regs: print('writing special %s' % name, output, special_sprs) if name in special_sprs: self.spr[name] = output else: self.namespace[name].eq(output) if name == 'MSR': print('msr written', hex(self.msr.value)) else: regnum = yield getattr(self.decoder, name) print('writing reg %d %s' % (regnum, str(output))) if output.bits > 64: output = SelectableInt(output.value, 64) self.gpr[regnum] = output print("end of call", self.namespace['CIA'], self.namespace['NIA']) # UPDATE program counter self.pc.update(self.namespace) def inject(): """Decorator factory. this decorator will "inject" variables into the function's namespace, from the *dictionary* in self.namespace. it therefore becomes possible to make it look like a whole stack of variables which would otherwise need "self." inserted in front of them (*and* for those variables to be added to the instance) "appear" in the function. "self.namespace['SI']" for example becomes accessible as just "SI" but *only* inside the function, when decorated. """ def variable_injector(func): @wraps(func) def decorator(*args, **kwargs): try: func_globals = func.__globals__ # Python 2.6+ except AttributeError: func_globals = func.func_globals # Earlier versions. context = args[0].namespace # variables to be injected saved_values = func_globals.copy() # Shallow copy of dict. func_globals.update(context) result = func(*args, **kwargs) print("globals after", func_globals['CIA'], func_globals['NIA']) print("args[0]", args[0].namespace['CIA'], args[0].namespace['NIA']) args[0].namespace = func_globals #exec (func.__code__, func_globals) # finally: # func_globals = saved_values # Undo changes. return result return decorator return variable_injector