arch-riscv: Stop "using namespace std"

Change-Id: Ia18ac69797019fb853b7c07a3961840ee6b0df39
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/39558
Reviewed-by: Daniel Carvalho <odanrc@yahoo.com.br>
Maintainer: Gabe Black <gabe.black@gmail.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

arch-x86: Stop "using namespace std"

Change-Id: I9763177bbd54abc97b99bd54a20a750e0adb5627
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/39557
Reviewed-by: Daniel Carvalho <odanrc@yahoo.com.br>
Maintainer: Gabe Black <gabe.black@gmail.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

arch-arm: Fix Compare and Swap Pair instructions

Those instructions were broken after:

https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38381/4

Which is effectively replacing the generic StaticInst src and dest
reg array with an instruction specific one.
The size of the array is evaluated by the ISA parser, which is
counting the operands when parsing the isa code.
Alas, Compare and Swap Pair instructions were augmenting the number
of destination and source registers in the C++ world, which is
invisible to the parser. This lead to an out of bounds access
of the arrays.

This patch is fixing this behaviour by defining XResult2, which
is the second compare/result register for a paired CAS

Change-Id: Ie35c26256f42459805e007847896ac58b178fd42
Signed-off-by: Giacomo Travaglini <giacomo.travaglini@arm.com>
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/39456
Reviewed-by: Richard Cooper <richard.cooper@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Gabe Black <gabe.black@gmail.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

mem: Stop "using namespace std"

Change-Id: I26fd73f1b7d38e1e00eece12459f7a96227900ed
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/39555
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>
Maintainer: Gabe Black <gabe.black@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Matthew Poremba <matthew.poremba@amd.com>

dev: Stop "using namespace std"

Change-Id: I317df9b566936445c3a02c28ed37146a16610454
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/39538
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>
Maintainer: Gabe Black <gabe.black@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Carvalho <odanrc@yahoo.com.br>
Reviewed-by: Andreas Sandberg <andreas.sandberg@arm.com>

sim: Stop "using namespace std"

Change-Id: Ic641cb82a069ccb2b185d74a3b49a96b27111035
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/39537
Reviewed-by: Gabe Black <gabe.black@gmail.com>
Maintainer: Gabe Black <gabe.black@gmail.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

base: Stop "using namespace std".

As the std namespace expands, it becomes more and more likely that
blanketly importing all its symbols will cause a collision. Also, when
it was imported, the std:: was used or left off arbitrarily, sometimes
inconsistently even in the same function signature.

Change-Id: Ie30cbab154b00c60433908a206c229230d2b109f
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/39536
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Gabe Black <gabe.black@gmail.com>
Maintainer: Gabe Black <gabe.black@gmail.com>

base: Style fixes in cprintf related files.

Fix braces, capitalization, missing line breaks, and remove mostly
useless "using namespace std"s.

Change-Id: I1210dd3b918e7cba8e576cbbdf47aa986d9278e6
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/39535
Reviewed-by: Gabe Black <gabe.black@gmail.com>
Maintainer: Gabe Black <gabe.black@gmail.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

tests: Fix building of unittest/stattest.cc.

This file wasn't including eventq.hh which it happened to be getting
transitively before.

Change-Id: I8ce5572651ddd59160d84794bf5efc90c82d83e6
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/39564
Reviewed-by: Daniel Carvalho <odanrc@yahoo.com.br>
Maintainer: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

arch-x86: implement PSHUFB SSE instruction.

Change-Id: I9398f9ecb26b6aabf4015e0e285fdc2f4c2487dd
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/39495
Reviewed-by: Tong Shen <endlessroad@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Maintainer: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

mem: Consistently use ISO prefixes

We currently use the traditional SI-like prefixes for to represent
binary multipliers in some contexts. This is ambiguous in many cases
since they overload the meaning of the SI prefix.

Here are some examples of commonly used in the industry:
  * Storage vendors define 1 MB as 10**6 bytes
  * Memory vendors define 1 MB as 2**20 bytes
  * Network equipment treats 1Mbit/s as 10**6 bits/s
  * Memory vendors define 1Mbit as 2**20 bits

In practice, this means that a FLASH chip on a storage bus uses
decimal prefixes, but that same flash chip on a memory bus uses binary
prefixes. It would also be reasonable to assume that the contents of a
1Mbit FLASH chip would take 0.1s to transfer over a 10Mbit Ethernet
link. That's however not the case due to different meanings of the
prefix.

The quantity 2MX is treated differently by gem5 depending on the unit
X:

  * Physical quantities (s, Hz, V, A, J, K, C, F) use decimal prefixes.
  * Interconnect and NoC bandwidths (B/s) use binary prefixes.
  * Network bandwidths (bps) use decimal prefixes.
  * Memory sizes and storage sizes (B) use binary prefixes.

Mitigate this ambiguity by consistently using the ISO/IEC/SI prefixes
for binary multipliers for parameters and comments where appropriate.

Change-Id: I2d24682d207830f3b7b0ad2ff82b55e082cccb32
Signed-off-by: Andreas Sandberg <andreas.sandberg@arm.com>
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/39576
Reviewed-by: Richard Cooper <richard.cooper@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Carvalho <odanrc@yahoo.com.br>
Reviewed-by: Nikos Nikoleris <nikos.nikoleris@arm.com>
Maintainer: Nikos Nikoleris <nikos.nikoleris@arm.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

sim-se: Handle simultaneous page faults in SE-mode multithreading

When running multithreaded programs in SE-mode with DerivO3CPU model,
there are cases that two or more cores have page faults on the same page
in nearby ticks (can be at the same tick) when fetching instructions
(more likely) or accessing data. When these cores try come to the commit
stage in nearby ticks/cycles, they will try to handle the faults
(without clobbering). Then the first core will ask for a physical page
frame to map with the virtual page. In the previous version, the right
next core that tries to handle the fault will hit a panic condition in
the EmulationPageTable::map(...) as the page has been mapped and this
page fault is not to clobber the existing mapping.

In this changeset, if it is found that the page has been mapped and it
is not to clobber the existing mapping, it will return without further
mapping activities as the page fault has been handled previously.

Jira Issue: https://gem5.atlassian.net/browse/GEM5-798

Change-Id: I9bb1163f9d1379c6fed9725101e4400fefdc8079
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/39515
Reviewed-by: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Maintainer: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

scons: Remove Python 2.7 compatibility code

Remove the dependency on six and most 'import x from __future__'. A
few instances of imports from the future have been left in place to
ensure that Python 2.7 users still get an error message when invoking
scons.

Change-Id: I366275a6040f0084e91198b5b5c2a648bffbf2d2
Signed-off-by: Andreas Sandberg <andreas.sandberg@arm.com>
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/39585
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Gabe Black <gabe.black@gmail.com>
Maintainer: Gabe Black <gabe.black@gmail.com>

python: Remove Python 2.7 compatibility code

We don't support Python 2.7 anymore. Remove glue code like the six
dependency and "from __future__" imports from gem5's standard library.

Change-Id: I71834c325f86ff0329b222be87794ead96081f05
Signed-off-by: Andreas Sandberg <andreas.sandberg@arm.com>
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/39584
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Gabe Black <gabe.black@gmail.com>
Maintainer: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>

dev: Consistently use ISO prefixes

We currently use the traditional SI-like prefixes for to represent
binary multipliers in some contexts. This is ambiguous in many cases
since they overload the meaning of the SI prefix.

Here are some examples of commonly used in the industry:
  * Storage vendors define 1 MB as 10**6 bytes
  * Memory vendors define 1 MB as 2**20 bytes
  * Network equipment treats 1Mbit/s as 10**6 bits/s
  * Memory vendors define 1Mbit as 2**20 bits

In practice, this means that a FLASH chip on a storage bus uses
decimal prefixes, but that same flash chip on a memory bus uses binary
prefixes. It would also be reasonable to assume that the contents of a
1Mbit FLASH chip would take 0.1s to transfer over a 10Mbit Ethernet
link. That's however not the case due to different meanings of the
prefix.

The quantity 2MX is treated differently by gem5 depending on the unit
X:

  * Physical quantities (s, Hz, V, A, J, K, C, F) use decimal prefixes.
  * Interconnect and NoC bandwidths (B/s) use binary prefixes.
  * Network bandwidths (bps) use decimal prefixes.
  * Memory sizes and storage sizes (B) use binary prefixes.

Mitigate this ambiguity by consistently using the ISO/IEC/SI prefixes
for binary multipliers for parameters and comments where appropriate.

Change-Id: I6ab03934af850494d95a37dcda5c2000794b4d3a
Signed-off-by: Andreas Sandberg <andreas.sandberg@arm.com>
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/39578
Reviewed-by: Richard Cooper <richard.cooper@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Carvalho <odanrc@yahoo.com.br>
Reviewed-by: Gabe Black <gabe.black@gmail.com>
Maintainer: Gabe Black <gabe.black@gmail.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

sim,base: make checkpointMapIn warn if an unknown key is found

The warning happens when a key is present in the checkpoint but not in the
values that gem5 source code knows about.

To do this, we must expose iteration over IniFile section keys. To not
have to make those classes public, a visitor method is implemented.

Change-Id: I23340a953f3e604642b97690a7328b10fdd740a8
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/37575
Reviewed-by: Daniel Carvalho <odanrc@yahoo.com.br>
Maintainer: Bobby R. Bruce <bbruce@ucdavis.edu>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

configs: Weed out old port terminology in Arm examples

Stop using the deprecated port names in Arm example scripts.

Change-Id: I11fea3e0df945ac64075b647766570604b70cad8
Signed-off-by: Andreas Sandberg <andreas.sandberg@arm.com>
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/39582
Reviewed-by: Gabe Black <gabe.black@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Maintainer: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

configs: Remove Python 2 compatibility code in Arm configs

Remove uses of six and imports from __future__ and use native Python 3
functionality instead.

Change-Id: If37718ba99def2d6f176604e20d4ebeda75474ad
Signed-off-by: Andreas Sandberg <andreas.sandberg@arm.com>
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/39581
Reviewed-by: Giacomo Travaglini <giacomo.travaglini@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Richard Cooper <richard.cooper@arm.com>
Maintainer: Giacomo Travaglini <giacomo.travaglini@arm.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

arch-arm, dev-arm: Remove Python 2 compatibility code

Remove uses of six and imports from __future__ and use native Python 3
functionality instead.

Change-Id: Ifeb925c0b802f8186dd148e382aefe1c32fc8176
Signed-off-by: Andreas Sandberg <andreas.sandberg@arm.com>
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/39580
Reviewed-by: Giacomo Travaglini <giacomo.travaglini@arm.com>
Maintainer: Giacomo Travaglini <giacomo.travaglini@arm.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

gpu-compute: Simplify LGKM decrementing for Flat instructions

This commit makes it so LGKM count is decremented in a single place
(after completeAcc), which fixes a couple of potential bugs

1. Data is only written by completeAcc, not after initiateAcc. LGKM
count is supposed to be decremented after data is written.
2. LGKM count is now properly decremented for atomics without return

Change-Id: Ic791af3b42e04f7baaa0ce50cb2a2c6286c54f5a
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/39396
Reviewed-by: Matt Sinclair <mattdsinclair@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Matthew Poremba <matthew.poremba@amd.com>
Maintainer: Matt Sinclair <mattdsinclair@gmail.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

base: Fix unsigned underflow mishandling.

The second argument in the std::max call is treated as an unsigned value
as all variables are unsigned as well. This will result in an
unsigned underflow, and as such the std::max is a no-op and will result
in the underflowed value.

The `start` and `used` value get corrupted after that, and checks for
`empty` and other stuff downstream break.

Change-Id: I00017e22ba84e65f6b1c596f47d348f342fbc304
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/39496
Reviewed-by: Gabe Black <gabe.black@gmail.com>
Maintainer: Gabe Black <gabe.black@gmail.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

dev: Fixing EtherDevice stats initialization order

Previously, the stat `totalBandwidth` is initialized before
`txBandwidth` and `rxBandwidth`. However, `totalBandwith` is of
 type Stats::Formula and `totalBandwidth = txBandwidth + rxBandwidth`.
Therefore, `totalBandwidth` should be initialized after the other two.

This change fixes the variable and stats initialization order accordingly.

The bug was reported here:  https://github.com/gem5/gem5/commit/3db48cbbc6e475592e6608b52a870d92ac2214aa#commitcomment-46094633.

Jira: https://gem5.atlassian.net/browse/GEM5-894

Change-Id: I2c7cc4120df672edf15b9a3ab6becc0bbebb778b
Signed-off-by: Hoa Nguyen <hoanguyen@ucdavis.edu>
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/39395
Reviewed-by: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Maintainer: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

riscv: Get rid of some unused constants.

Change-Id: I464e86dc6bfcd333a0bee32e56d9dcaa6fdf682d
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/39317
Maintainer: Gabe Black <gabe.black@gmail.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Ayaz Akram <yazakram@ucdavis.edu>
Reviewed-by: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>

arm: Use the "reg" ABI for gem5 ops.

The generic PseudoInstABI just calls back into the ISA specific
getArgument function, and that adds a lot of handling for cases that
aren't used and, besides those, basically just boils down to the "reg"
ABI anyway.

Change-Id: I57e738631dbccbf89cba3a6ca62b1f954b39e959
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/39316
Reviewed-by: Giacomo Travaglini <giacomo.travaglini@arm.com>
Maintainer: Giacomo Travaglini <giacomo.travaglini@arm.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

python: Fix incorrect prefixes is m5.utils.convert

The conversion functions incorrectly assumed that kibibytes are 'kiB'
rather than 'KiB' (correct).

Change-Id: I7ef9e54546fdb3379435b40af6d9f619ad9b37a5
Signed-off-by: Andreas Sandberg <andreas.sandberg@arm.com>
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/39375
Reviewed-by: Daniel Carvalho <odanrc@yahoo.com.br>
Reviewed-by: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Maintainer: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

sim: Don't serialise params in thermal models

ThermalDomain and ThermalReference shouldn't serialise their params.

Change-Id: Idc4438b68c0db1fe312d37888c901f2ea87b1d60
Signed-off-by: Andreas Sandberg <andreas.sandberg@arm.com>
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/39221
Reviewed-by: Gabe Black <gabe.black@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Maintainer: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

sim: Thermal model style fixes

Fix various style issues in the thermal model implementation.

Change-Id: Ie31c862a23885f32f2931e927d7f87b7992bd099
Signed-off-by: Andreas Sandberg <andreas.sandberg@arm.com>
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/39220
Reviewed-by: Gabe Black <gabe.black@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Carvalho <odanrc@yahoo.com.br>
Reviewed-by: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Maintainer: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

arch-riscv,util: Add m5op.S for riscv to enable pseudo inst use

This change adds assembly code for riscv pseudo instructions so
that they can be used with riscv benchmarks.

Change-Id: Ic979fd375e7750e92f52b900bf39e351f629fe2c
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38515
Reviewed-by: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Gabe Black <gabe.black@gmail.com>
Maintainer: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Maintainer: Gabe Black <gabe.black@gmail.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

arm: Export the mostly generic syscall ABI.

This ABI is also applicable for gem5 ops. Rather than have the gem5 ops
use the syscall ABI, this change exports the syscall ABI and renames it
the "reg" ABI, or in other words an ABI which only uses registers. The
SE workload class then just creates a local name for the "reg" ABI so it
can continue to use it for system calls.

Change-Id: Ifaa38a94d6f0d49b8a2e515e02ce94472a499a00
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/39315
Reviewed-by: Giacomo Travaglini <giacomo.travaglini@arm.com>
Maintainer: Giacomo Travaglini <giacomo.travaglini@arm.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

tests: Fix syntax error in cpu_tests/test.py

The testsuite was not loaded with the following error:

Exception thrown while loading
<gem5>/tests/gem5/cpu_tests/test.py

Signed-off-by: Giacomo Travaglini <giacomo.travaglini@arm.com>
Change-Id: I1e88b8957bb24471e1bb6113ffc7c78886b6ed70
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/39295
Reviewed-by: Hoa Nguyen <hoanguyen@ucdavis.edu>
Maintainer: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

configs: MemConfig, add QoSMemSinkCtrl support

QoSMemSinkInterface is a special case of memory interface type, similar
to SimpleMemory. It requires a QoSMemSinkCtrl where most model parameters
are exposed. By adding support in "config_mem", we allow configurations
with multiple QoSMemSinkCtrls to be centrally configured, particularly
interleaving parameters.

Change-Id: I46462b55d587acd2c861963bc0279bce92d5f450
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/35797
Reviewed-by: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Maintainer: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

tests: Stop using memcmp in the circlebuf test.

Comparing arrays with memcmp is fairly easy to do and will correctly
identify when a value is incorrect, but gtest doesn't know what
comparison actually happened and can't print any diagnostic information
to help the person running the test determine what went wrong.

Unfortunately, gtest is also slightly too smart and also not smart
enough to make it easy to compare the contents of sub-arrays with each
other. The thing you're checking the value of *must* be an array with a
well defined size (not a pointer), and the size *must* exactly match the
number of elements it expects to find.

One fairly clean way to get around this problem would be to use the new
std::span type introduced in c++20 which lets you refer to a sub-section
of another container in place, adjusting indexing, sizing, etc as
needed. Unfortunately since we only require up to c++-14 currently we
can't use that type.

Instead, we can create vectors which hold copies of the required data.
This is suboptimal since it means we're copying around data which
doesn't really need to be copied, but it means that the templates in
gtest will get a type they can handle, and the sizes will match like it
expects them to. Since the number of checks/copies is still small, the
overhead should be trivial in practice.

A helper function, subArr, has been added to help keep things fairly
clutter free.

Change-Id: I9f88c583a6a742346b177dba7cae791824b65942
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38895
Maintainer: Gabe Black <gabe.black@gmail.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Carvalho <odanrc@yahoo.com.br>

base: Rename Flags::update as Flags::replace

The function name `update` is too generic. Given that
the expected functionality is to replace the selected
flag bits with the bits provided as parameters, rename
it as `replace`.

Change-Id: Ic7613ae09ecf9b92e31103b4e928192c07e9b640
Signed-off-by: Daniel R. Carvalho <odanrc@yahoo.com.br>
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38737
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Maintainer: Bobby R. Bruce <bbruce@ucdavis.edu>

base: Remove dubious/unused Flags functions

The functions isSet(), noneSet(), and allSet() assume that
all bits of the underlying container have a corresponding
flag. This is typically not true, and the likelihood of
incorrectly using these functions is high.

Fortunately these functions are not being used anywhere,
and can be safely removed.

Alternatively, a mask could be provided on construction to
determine which bits of the underlying container correspond
to a flag bit, so that the proper bits are checked in these
functions.

Change-Id: Ia7cbfd0726943506a3f04dc417e67a0b57cdbf95
Signed-off-by: Daniel R. Carvalho <odanrc@yahoo.com.br>
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38736
Maintainer: Bobby R. Bruce <bbruce@ucdavis.edu>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Bobby R. Bruce <bbruce@ucdavis.edu>

base: Add unit tests for flags.hh

Add a unit test for flags.hh.

Change-Id: I58135b5f2fc016c30e1b4535f3daf46a77e99aff
Signed-off-by: Daniel R. Carvalho <odanrc@yahoo.com.br>
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38714
Reviewed-by: Bobby R. Bruce <bbruce@ucdavis.edu>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>
Maintainer: Bobby R. Bruce <bbruce@ucdavis.edu>

arch: Fix the code that computes MaxMiscDestReg.

This code was simplified a little while ago, and the wrong variable name
was used in that computation accidentally. Fortunately the "wrong" value
would be too large, and so nothing bad would happen except a pair of
arrays would be overly large in the O3 instruction class.

Change-Id: I9694f1a8c79a62a172ef63bdd2f98fa0ace06acd
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38383
Reviewed-by: Giacomo Travaglini <giacomo.travaglini@arm.com>
Maintainer: Giacomo Travaglini <giacomo.travaglini@arm.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

cpu: Remove the default, globally sized index arrays from StaticInst.

All ISAs now allocate their own arrays in all their instructions, making
these arrays unnecessary.

Change-Id: Ie2bc5d7a2903e07703dddd809505cdaaf6c578f5
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38382
Reviewed-by: Giacomo Travaglini <giacomo.travaglini@arm.com>
Maintainer: Giacomo Travaglini <giacomo.travaglini@arm.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

arm: Use local src and dest reg index arrays.

Change-Id: I7512c0abfaa2148b31b51fa43c3789bdca179105
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38381
Reviewed-by: Giacomo Travaglini <giacomo.travaglini@arm.com>
Maintainer: Giacomo Travaglini <giacomo.travaglini@arm.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

arch: Wrap InstObjParams with a class and not a function.

When parsing an ISA description, the InstObjParams class needs to have a
reference to the current parser. It does that by exposing a wrapper to
the description rather than the actual InstObjParams class. That wrapper
injects an additional argument into the InstObjParams constructor.

Originally, the wrapper which injectect the additional argument was a
function which masqueraded as a class. That made it impossible to
subclass InstObjParams.

Instead, this change replaces that function wrapper with a class
wrapper, and injects the extra argument in the __init__ method. This
preserves the fact that the InstObjParams name refers to a class, and
allows any sort of interaction that's normally allowed with a class like
subclassing.

Change-Id: I550ea2e60eadac3c7c0b9afa7d71f4607b49a5d2
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/39275
Reviewed-by: Giacomo Travaglini <giacomo.travaglini@arm.com>
Maintainer: Giacomo Travaglini <giacomo.travaglini@arm.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

arch-arm: dtb_addr is already encoding the loadAddrOffset

This fixes a bug in AArch32 where the dtb_address is
adding the loadAddrOffset twice to the dtb base address
after

https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/35076

Change-Id: Ia8bd35a02d998c54fbc3a889739c9abbeb506d96
Signed-off-by: Giacomo Travaglini <giacomo.travaglini@arm.com>
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/39216
Reviewed-by: Ciro Santilli <ciro.santilli@arm.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

arch-gcn3,gpu-compute: Update stats style for GPU

Convert all gpu-compute stats to Stats::Group style.

Change-Id: I29116f1de53ae379210c6cfb5bed3fc74f50cca5
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/39135
Reviewed-by: Matthew Poremba <matthew.poremba@amd.com>
Maintainer: Matthew Poremba <matthew.poremba@amd.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

arch-riscv: fix incorrect interrupt checking logic

Whether global interrupt enabling or not is not simply decided by
xIE bit in mstatus, it also depends on current privilige level.
All level lower/higher than current should be disabled/enabled
regardless of the xIE bit. xIE bit is only control the enabling
of interrupt in current privilige level.

The fix is verified in FS.

Jira Issue: https://gem5.atlassian.net/browse/GEM5-883

Change-Id: I37f83ab77af2efbf1da9b81845828d322e49bf5f
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/39035
Reviewed-by: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Ayaz Akram <yazakram@ucdavis.edu>
Maintainer: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

misc: Fix some includes

Fix some missing and extra includes around the codebase.

Change-Id: Ibf314b43a966943a8096958f68382e1e245f29e3
Signed-off-by: Daniel R. Carvalho <odanrc@yahoo.com.br>
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38738
Reviewed-by: Bobby R. Bruce <bbruce@ucdavis.edu>
Maintainer: Bobby R. Bruce <bbruce@ucdavis.edu>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

util: Fix gem5_within_systemc and tlm coupling

Adapt the code to changes introduced with commits 3fb9139 and 392c1ce.

Jira Issue: https://gem5.atlassian.net/browse/GEM5-874

Change-Id: I0023157f1a2e5935f624c0a12e61f6b3e0d98b97
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/39215
Reviewed-by: Gabe Black <gabe.black@gmail.com>
Maintainer: Gabe Black <gabe.black@gmail.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

mem-ruby: Fix race related to atomics in VIPER

There is a race condition in VIPER where an atomic issued to the same
address can occur resulting in multiple trigger messages signalling the
compleition of the atomic operation. The first message was deallocating
the TBE causing the second message to dereference a nullptr when looking
up the TBE.

A counter is added to track the number of in flight AtomicDone trigger
messages. The AtomicDone is not called until the last in flight message
arrives at the trigger queue. The remaining messages call AtomicNotDone
which simply pops the message from the queue and keeps the TBE
allocated.

Change-Id: Ie1de0436861a7c393ad6d2fb2faceb83c18d4cc3
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/39175
Reviewed-by: Matt Sinclair <mattdsinclair@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Maintainer: Matt Sinclair <mattdsinclair@gmail.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

util-docker: Add gdb to gcn-gpu Dockerfile

gdb is generally useful.

Change-Id: Ic73822a5f61914cafba0699949dccabc81c03d2a
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/39096
Reviewed-by: Matt Sinclair <mattdsinclair@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Bobby R. Bruce <bbruce@ucdavis.edu>
Reviewed-by: Kyle Roarty <kyleroarty1716@gmail.com>
Maintainer: Matt Sinclair <mattdsinclair@gmail.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

base: Rename Flag status to enabled

The semantic of "The status of a flag is true/false" may be
confusing. Rename `status` to `enabled`, so that queries
become "Is this flag enabled?".

Change-Id: I8cdd76766d80d65007a9f204abcf71b18211ab42
Signed-off-by: Daniel R. Carvalho <odanrc@yahoo.com.br>
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38711
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Andreas Sandberg <andreas.sandberg@arm.com>
Maintainer: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>

base: Add unit test for debug.hh

Add unit tests for the functions and classes in debug.hh.

breakpoint() is not being tested.

Change-Id: I1ae7318a043aa9dc479d4f970c1fd6c9946f4357
Signed-off-by: Daniel R. Carvalho <odanrc@yahoo.com.br>
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38710
Reviewed-by: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Maintainer: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

gpu-compute: Fix LGKM decrementing for flat atomic insts

A prior commit (f6ec145fc0) fixed early LGKM decrementing for flat loads
and stores, but failed to address flat atomics.

Per the GCN3 ISA, LGKM count is decremented on flat atomics with return
when the data has been returned. This patch checks if the flat
instruction is an atomic with return, and decrements LGKM count if so.

Change-Id: I5c0c2c205a8b21327d4c42ba71c59842c15bd63b
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/39155
Reviewed-by: Matthew Poremba <matthew.poremba@amd.com>
Reviewed-by: Matt Sinclair <mattdsinclair@gmail.com>
Maintainer: Matthew Poremba <matthew.poremba@amd.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

sim: Rename the root stats group to RootStats

Currently, the name of the stats group of thr Root object is
Stats, which is likely to be confused with the Stats namespace.

This commit renames the struct to RootStats. This allows the
Stats namespace to be expressed as `Stats::`, which is
consistent with how the namespace is accessed in other part of
gem5.

Change-Id: Ieb425c3df1f5c0d5f11b1a467a36b2e0e07b2771
Signed-off-by: Hoa Nguyen <hoanguyen@ucdavis.edu>
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38915
Reviewed-by: Daniel Carvalho <odanrc@yahoo.com.br>
Maintainer: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

base: Remove the curTick prototype from base/statistics.hh.

This prototype might convince the compiler that it should refer to
curTick indirectly through the linker, but curTick is inline (and making
it not has very high overhead), so there's a decent chance no non-inline
version will be emitted.

Change-Id: Iab5aacb145d4a974bc1bc0abdf7275c40fbb9c38
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38997
Reviewed-by: Daniel Carvalho <odanrc@yahoo.com.br>
Reviewed-by: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Maintainer: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

sim: Break the eventq.hh dependency in core.hh.

The original implementation of curTick used a thread local variable,
_curEventQueue, and its getCurTick() method, to retrieve the curTick for
the currently active event queue. That meant that core.hh needed to
include eventq.hh so that the EventQueue type was available, which also
indirectly brought in a lot of other dependencies.

Unfortunately this couldn't easily be fixed by making curTick()
non-inline since this added a significant amount of overhead when
tested.

Instead, this change makes the code in core.hh/core.cc keep a pointer
directly to a Tick. The code which sets _curEventQueue now also sets
that pointer when _curEventQueue changes.

The way curTick() now reaches into the guts of the current EventQueue
directly is not great from a modularity perspective, but if curTick is
considered an extension of the EventQueue, then it's just odd that this
part is broken out into a different file.

Change-Id: I8341b40fe75e90672eb1d70e1a368975fcbfe926
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38996
Maintainer: Gabe Black <gabe.black@gmail.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Carvalho <odanrc@yahoo.com.br>
Reviewed-by: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>

gpu-compute: Support for dynamic register alloc

SimplePoolManager doesn't allow mapping of two WGs
simultaneously on the same Compute Unit (provided
the previous WG has been mapped to all the SIMDs)
even if there is sufficient VRF and SRF space
available.

DynPoolManager takes care of that by dynamically
allocating and deallocating register file space
to wavefronts

Change-Id: I2255c68d4b421615d7b231edc05d3ebb27cbd66c
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/32034
Maintainer: Matt Sinclair <mattdsinclair@gmail.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Alexandru Duțu <alexandru.dutu@amd.com>

cpu-o3: Add missing tid in Rename's debug message

These arguments were missing.

Change-Id: I8a76e46b2bcfc57f299145954fe72196f5969f29
Signed-off-by: Daniel R. Carvalho <odanrc@yahoo.com.br>
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/39075
Reviewed-by: Giacomo Travaglini <giacomo.travaglini@arm.com>
Maintainer: Giacomo Travaglini <giacomo.travaglini@arm.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

arch-riscv: CSR registers support in RISC-V remote GDB.

Note:
Some less frequently needed CSR registers (e.g. hpm and pmp registers)
are commented out on purpose. Instructions to add them back are
described in remote_gdb.hh comments. This is to avoid spamming the
remote GDB log when using `info reg all`.

Changes:
1. Added GDB XML files to the ext/ directory (mostly from QEMU)
2. Modified RiscvGdbRegCache
- struct r: added CSR registers
- getRegs, setRegs: reading / setting CSR registers
3. Modified RemoteGDB
- availableFeatures: indicate support for XML registers
- getXferFeaturesRead: return XML blobs

Change-Id: Ica03b63edb3f0c9b6a7789228b995891dbfb26b2
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38955
Reviewed-by: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Maintainer: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

dev: Let the pixel pump bypass the DMA FIFO in non-caching mode.

When in non-caching mode, performance metrics are not meaningful, and
we're just interested in functional level behavior. Going through the
DMA FIFO in the HDLCD controller is very inefficient, and prevents
reading a batch of pixels from memory all in one go.

Change-Id: I3fb6d4d06730b5a94b5399f01aa02186baa5c9b3
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38721
Reviewed-by: Andreas Sandberg <andreas.sandberg@arm.com>
Maintainer: Andreas Sandberg <andreas.sandberg@arm.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

tests, base: Added GTests for base/amo.hh

Issue-on: https://gem5.atlassian.net/browse/GEM5-231

Change-Id: Ia915f9c8bd0732c6c918e8056253bd2fdcdf6b5d
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/26944
Reviewed-by: Daniel Carvalho <odanrc@yahoo.com.br>
Maintainer: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

arch-arm: inform bootloader of kernel position with a register

Before the commit, the bootloader had a hardcoded entry point that it
would jump to.

However, the Linux kernel arm64 v5.8 forced us to change the kernel
entry point because the required memory alignment has changed at:
https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/
commit/?h=v5.8&id=cfa7ede20f133cc81cef01dc3a516dda3a9721ee

Therefore the only way to have a single bootloader that boots both
pre-v5.8 and post-v5.8 kernels is to pass that information from gem5
to the bootloader, which we do in this patch via registers.

This approach was already used by the 32-bit bootloader, which passed
that value via r3, and we try to use the same register x3 in 64-bit.

Since we are now passing this information, the this patch also removes
the hardcoding of DTB and cpu-release-addr, and also passes those
values via registers.

We store the cpu-release-addr in x5 as that value appears to have a
function similar to flags_addr, which is used only in 32-bit arm and
gets stored in r5.

This commit renames atags_addr to dtb_addr, since both are mutually
exclusive, and serve a similar purpose, DTB being the newer recommended
approach.

Similarly, flags_addr is renamed to cpu_release_addr, and it is moved
from ArmSystem into ArmFsWorkload, since it is not an intrinsic system
property, and should be together with dtb_addr instead.

Before this commit, flags_addr was being set from FSConfig.py and
configs/example/arm/devices.py to self.realview.realview_io.pio_addr
+ 0x30. This commit moves that logic into RealView.py instead, and
sets the flags address 8 bytes before the start of the DTB address.

JIRA: https://gem5.atlassian.net/browse/GEM5-787
Change-Id: If70bea9690be04b84e6040e256a9b03e46710e10
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/35076
Reviewed-by: Andreas Sandberg <andreas.sandberg@arm.com>
Maintainer: Andreas Sandberg <andreas.sandberg@arm.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

base: Add documentation to flags.hh

Add documentation to the Flags class. Use this opportunity
to rename some arguments to make their intention clearer.

Finally, the constructors have been merged using a default
value of 0.

Change-Id: I924b1d5c20a3e2066be64ab124ae1a5d96d4b3bf
Signed-off-by: Daniel R. Carvalho <odanrc@yahoo.com.br>
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38735
Reviewed-by: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Bobby R. Bruce <bbruce@ucdavis.edu>
Maintainer: Bobby R. Bruce <bbruce@ucdavis.edu>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

base: Remove Flags<U> assignment

Currently unused and broken. Since these are templated classes,
and _flags is private, the assignment is a compilation error.
Furthermore, assignment of flags of different types is likely
undefined behavior.

Change-Id: I8430045c42c003efc74e343cc5b4a4350bc2ad92
Signed-off-by: Daniel R. Carvalho <odanrc@yahoo.com.br>
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38713
Reviewed-by: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Andreas Sandberg <andreas.sandberg@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Bobby R. Bruce <bbruce@ucdavis.edu>
Maintainer: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

base: Assert Flags' type is unsigned

Operations rely on the use of unsigned integers.

Change-Id: I825a88f81b54577585976d6558b1409870897721
Signed-off-by: Daniel R. Carvalho <odanrc@yahoo.com.br>
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38712
Reviewed-by: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Maintainer: Bobby R. Bruce <bbruce@ucdavis.edu>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

base: Remove flag from allFlags on destruction

When a flag is destroyed it must be removed from the list
containing all flags.

Use this opportunity to remove "using namespace std" since
it is barely used.

Change-Id: I201371a770c56e11b92532e146d577c6ecb29d34
Signed-off-by: Daniel R. Carvalho <odanrc@yahoo.com.br>
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38709
Reviewed-by: Andreas Sandberg <andreas.sandberg@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Gabe Black <gabe.black@gmail.com>
Maintainer: Bobby R. Bruce <bbruce@ucdavis.edu>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

base: Remove negation operator in Flag

There is already a bool conversion operator, so there
is no need to provide a negation operator.

Change-Id: If5f99f8a0bb1707c115d139417aedd47bd162963
Signed-off-by: Daniel R. Carvalho <odanrc@yahoo.com.br>
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38708
Reviewed-by: Gabe Black <gabe.black@gmail.com>
Maintainer: Bobby R. Bruce <bbruce@ucdavis.edu>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

base: Fix uninitialized variable in Flag

This was uninitialized, and was breaking expected values
under certain situations.

Change-Id: If51ab6ae038c7c397bc83de1c73af348c1db4ef8
Signed-off-by: Daniel R. Carvalho <odanrc@yahoo.com.br>
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38707
Reviewed-by: Bobby R. Bruce <bbruce@ucdavis.edu>
Reviewed-by: Andreas Sandberg <andreas.sandberg@arm.com>
Maintainer: Bobby R. Bruce <bbruce@ucdavis.edu>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

mem-cache: Fix update of useful prefetches

The probe notification must be parsed on every hit, even if
the prefetcher is set not to generate prefetches on accesses.
This fixes the calculation of useful prefetches.

Change-Id: Iff298f7bea11013f411f4ba39dba705fd81a0cd4
Signed-off-by: Daniel R. Carvalho <odanrc@yahoo.com.br>
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38177
Reviewed-by: Bobby R. Bruce <bbruce@ucdavis.edu>
Maintainer: Bobby R. Bruce <bbruce@ucdavis.edu>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

misc: Fix missing includes.

Change-Id: I545ff03041e8fe66dc489c6aa95c009e54df0970
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38995
Reviewed-by: Gabe Black <gabe.black@gmail.com>
Maintainer: Gabe Black <gabe.black@gmail.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

base: Remove begin() and end() from CircleBuf.

These functions return iterators which are inconsistent with the usage
model for this type. It should be accessed using the peek, push, and pop
methods and not iterators. If you need a class with iterators which is
oriented around accessing individual elements at a time, the
CircularQueue type is likely a better choice.

Change-Id: I9f37eab12e490b63d870d378a91f601dad353f25
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38998
Reviewed-by: Daniel Carvalho <odanrc@yahoo.com.br>
Reviewed-by: Andreas Sandberg <andreas.sandberg@arm.com>
Maintainer: Gabe Black <gabe.black@gmail.com>
Maintainer: Andreas Sandberg <andreas.sandberg@arm.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

dev: Use regular atomic accesses for DMA in bypass mode.

These are now accelerated with backdoor accesses and should be at least
as fast as functional accesses. This removes a dependency on port
proxies, and also stops the HDLCD from using functional accesses.

Change-Id: I5e959288eb533d09cffa7b79938aa2f61e4aff7d
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38720
Reviewed-by: Andreas Sandberg <andreas.sandberg@arm.com>
Maintainer: Andreas Sandberg <andreas.sandberg@arm.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

dev: Teach the DmaPort to use atomic memory backdoors.

This is implemented similary to the NonCachingSimpleCPU, except that
both the normal atomic and noncaching atomic behaviors are implemented
by the same class. The sendDma function now dispatches to a method which
implements one or the other behavior since that function was getting too
big and complex.

Change-Id: I7972971ef41d1373424e587cf67c8444d50de748
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38719
Reviewed-by: Andreas Sandberg <andreas.sandberg@arm.com>
Maintainer: Andreas Sandberg <andreas.sandberg@arm.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

dev: Generate DMA packets as needed.

Instead of generating all of the DMA packets when a request is
initiated, keep track of the necessary properties and generate them as
needed.

The primary benefit of this approach is that if we don't actually need
packets, for instance if we can satisfy the request using a memory
backdoor, we can just skip them. Otherwise we'll have wasted time
creating them, and then have to clean them up.

Change-Id: I04d399fb7bce1ff9a44979c311be356baf2db555
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38717
Reviewed-by: Andreas Sandberg <andreas.sandberg@arm.com>
Maintainer: Andreas Sandberg <andreas.sandberg@arm.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

base: Re-implement CircleBuf without using CircularQueue.

CircularQueue provides iterators which make it easier for users to
interact with it and helps abstract its internal state, but at the same
time it prevents standard algorithms like std::copy from recognizing
opportunities to use bulk copies to speed up execution. It also hides
the seams when wrapping around the buffer happens which std::copy
wouldn't know how to handle.

CircleBuf seems to be intended as a simpler type which doesn't hold
complex entries like the CircularQueue does, and instead just acts as a
wrap around buffer, like the name suggests. This change reimplements it
to not use CircularQueue, and to instead use an underlying vector.

The way internal indexing is handled CircularQueue was simplified
recently, and using the same scheme here means that this code is
actually not much more verbose than it was before. It also intrinsically
handles indexing and bulk accesses, and uses std::copy_n in a way that
lets it recognize and take advantage of contiguous storage and bulk
copies.

Change-Id: I78e7cfe174c52f60c95c81e5cd3d71c6052d4d41
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38896
Reviewed-by: Daniel Carvalho <odanrc@yahoo.com.br>
Maintainer: Gabe Black <gabe.black@gmail.com>
Maintainer: Andreas Sandberg <andreas.sandberg@arm.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

base: Add a setNext method to the ChunkGenerator.

This method lets you stretch the current chunk, if you want to skip over
some of the upcoming chunks since you've already handled their bytes.

For instance, if you were iterating over pages in a range of virtual
addresses, you might be able to handle multiple page sized chunks at
once if they were represented by a single large sized page table entry.
This mechanism would let you move past all the pages you had just
handled without having to walk through them all one by one.

Change-Id: I7d962f548947b77f0aa1b725036dbcc9e1b28659
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38718
Reviewed-by: Gabe Black <gabe.black@gmail.com>
Maintainer: Gabe Black <gabe.black@gmail.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

gpu-compute: Fix FLAT insts decrementing lgkm count early

FLAT instructions used to decrement lgkm count on execute, while the
GCN3 ISA specifies that lgkm count should be decremented on data being
returned or data being written.

This patch changes it so that lgkm is decremented after initiateAcc (for
stores) and after completeAcc (for loads) to better reflect the ISA
definition.

This fixes a bug where waitcnts would be satisfied even though the
memory access wasn't completed, which lead to instructions using the
wrong data.

Change-Id: I596cb031af9cda8d47a1b5e146e4a4ffd793d36c
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38696
Reviewed-by: Matt Sinclair <mattdsinclair@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Matthew Poremba <matthew.poremba@amd.com>
Maintainer: Matt Sinclair <mattdsinclair@gmail.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

configs: Remove default bootscript option for fs_bigLITTLE.py

Since the beginning fs_bigLITTLE has been pointing to a default

default_rcs = 'bootscript.rcS'

as a System.readfile parameter. That script is not present in
the gem5 repo and all the other fs scripts (starter_fs.py, fs.py
through Options.py) are using an emptry string as default
readfile param value.

We are hence aligning to the other scripts by removing this
default value

Change-Id: I20dc7714deae890d61706459c8d13bd8f5aac7a0
Signed-off-by: Giacomo Travaglini <giacomo.travaglini@arm.com>
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38815
Reviewed-by: Andreas Sandberg <andreas.sandberg@arm.com>
Maintainer: Andreas Sandberg <andreas.sandberg@arm.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

dev-arm: SMMUv3, enable interrupt interface

Users can set "irq_interface_enable" to allow software to program
SMMU_IRQ_CTRL and SMMU_IRQ_CTRLACK. This is required to boot Linux v5.4+
in a reasonable time. Notice the model does not implement architectural
interrupt sources, so no assertions will happen.

Change-Id: Ie138befdf5a204fe8fce961081c575c2166e22b9
Signed-off-by: Adrian Herrera <adrian.herrera@arm.com>
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38555
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Andreas Sandberg <andreas.sandberg@arm.com>
Maintainer: Andreas Sandberg <andreas.sandberg@arm.com>

dev: Remove the return type from DmaPort::dmaAction.

This function had a comment claiming that returning an arbitrary request
from the call was necessary for page table walker statistics, but
looking at the actual code, the return type was never used. Also
returning whatever the last request happens to be seems arbitrary, and a
bad boundary for modularization. The page table walker should not depend
on the internal implementation of the DMA port.

Change-Id: I00281fbaf6aeb85b15baf54f3d4a23ca1ac72b8b
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38716
Reviewed-by: Andreas Sandberg <andreas.sandberg@arm.com>
Maintainer: Andreas Sandberg <andreas.sandberg@arm.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

dev: Fix style in the pixel pump base class.

Change-Id: I8aa25911b367d36d6862780b39781f13724e79dc
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38715
Reviewed-by: Daniel Carvalho <odanrc@yahoo.com.br>
Reviewed-by: Andreas Sandberg <andreas.sandberg@arm.com>
Maintainer: Andreas Sandberg <andreas.sandberg@arm.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

dev: Style fixes in the ARM HDLCD device.

Change-Id: I230e0e0db879a56bc23c3ed439b9722e76cdd8e4
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38484
Reviewed-by: Andreas Sandberg <andreas.sandberg@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Carvalho <odanrc@yahoo.com.br>
Maintainer: Andreas Sandberg <andreas.sandberg@arm.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

arch-riscv: fix the wrong cause register setting

The most significant bit should be set based on interrupt or
exception. I assume in current RV64 implementation the bit should
be 63rd, rather than 31st. This causes interrupt handler to get
invalid cause code.

Minor bug is for the mpie is suppossed to be set to the value of
old mie.

The fix is verified in FS.

Jira Issue: https://gem5.atlassian.net/browse/GEM5-858

Change-Id: I1cc166c254b35f5c1acb3f5774c43149c61cc37a
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38755
Reviewed-by: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Maintainer: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

arch: Add a mechanism to pad the src or dest reg index arrays.

ARM reaches in and pads out the source register index list behind the
parser's back to force dest regs to also be sources in case an
instruction fails predication and needs to forward the original register
values. It shouldn't be hacking up these values in that way, but since
it is, this will let it continue to do so while still fitting in the new
system where each instruction allocates its src/dest reg index arrays to
size.

Change-Id: Ia296be9f63123f18f6cdc0d3bb1314d33e759b3a
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38380
Reviewed-by: Giacomo Travaglini <giacomo.travaglini@arm.com>
Maintainer: Giacomo Travaglini <giacomo.travaglini@arm.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

dev: Cache the cacheLineSize in the DMA read FIFO.

This is a minor simplification which decouples the FIFO from the system
object at run time, although it does need to read the cache line size
out at construction time.

Change-Id: I57d96a676b9604663b6c9ed7c662640f507c5305
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38482
Reviewed-by: Andreas Sandberg <andreas.sandberg@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Giacomo Travaglini <giacomo.travaglini@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Carvalho <odanrc@yahoo.com.br>
Maintainer: Andreas Sandberg <andreas.sandberg@arm.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

dev: Make DMA devices use their own ports for functional accesses.

DMA devices already have ports they use for non-functional accesses. We
can just attach a port proxy to that instead of getting one from the
system object.

Change-Id: I5e9adee43c7fe07b4c90978dbb7ec71468caadbb
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38481
Maintainer: Gabe Black <gabe.black@gmail.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Alexandru Duțu <alexandru.dutu@amd.com>

dev: Style fixes in src/dev/dma_device.(cc|hh).

Change-Id: Ie72f30d95e7f889f9a440d0fed57a5940747b40d
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38480
Reviewed-by: Daniel Carvalho <odanrc@yahoo.com.br>
Maintainer: Gabe Black <gabe.black@gmail.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

base: Style fixes in the CircleBuf and Fifo classes.

Change-Id: Ia08548027973e2b18e09bc3f05a6498855bdd7f7
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38479
Maintainer: Gabe Black <gabe.black@gmail.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Carvalho <odanrc@yahoo.com.br>

base,cpu: Simplify the CircularQueue class significantly.

This class had been trying to keep all indices within the modulus of the
queue size, and to use all elements in the underlying storage by making
the empty and full conditions alias, differentiated by a bool. To keep
track of the difference between a storage location on one trip around
the queue vs other times around, ie an alias once the indices had
wrapped, it also keep track of a "round" value in both the queue itself,
and any iterators it created.

All this bookkeeping significantly complicated the data structure.
Instead, this change modifies it to keep track of a monotonically
increasing index which is wrapped at the time it's used. Only the head
index and current size need to be tracked in the queue itself, and only
a pointer to the queue and an index need to be tracked in the iterators.

Theoretically, it's possible that this value could overflow eventually
since it increases forever, unlike before where the index wrapped and
was never larger than the queue's capacity. In practice, the type of the
index was changed from a uint32_t to a size_t, probably a 64 bit value
in modern systems, which will hold much larger values. Also, the round
counter and the index values together acted like a smaller than 64 bit
value anyway, since the round counter would overflow after 2^32 times
around a less than 2^32 entry queue.

One minor interface difference is that the head() and tail() values
returned by the queue are no longer pre-wrapped to be modulo the queue's
capacity. As long as consumers don't try to be overly clever and feed in
fixed values, do their own bounds checking, etc., something that would
be cumbersome considering the wrapping nature of the structure, this
shouldn't be an issue.

Also, since external consumers no longer need to worry about wrapping,
since only one of them was used in only one place, and because they
weren't even marked as part of the interface, the modulo helper
functions have been eliminated from the queue. If other code wants to
perform modulo arithmetic for some reason (which the queue no longer
requires) they can accomplish basically the same thing in basically the
same amount of code using normal math.

Also, rather than inherit from std::vector, this change makes the vector
internal to the queue. That prevents methods of the vector that aren't
aware of the circular nature of the structure from leaking out if
they're not overridden or otherwise proactively blocked.

On top of simplifying the implementation, this also makes it perform
*slightly* better. To measure that, I ran the following command:

$ time build/ARM/base/circular_queue.test.opt --gtest_repeat=100000 > /dev/null

and found a few percent improvement in total run time. While this
difference was small and not measured against realistic usage of the
data structure, it was still measurable, and at minimum doesn't seem to
have hurt performance.

Change-Id: Ic2baa28de135be7086fa94579bbec451d69b3b15
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38478
Reviewed-by: Daniel Carvalho <odanrc@yahoo.com.br>
Maintainer: Gabe Black <gabe.black@gmail.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

base: Fix style issues in the circular queue.

Change-Id: I61da587d760019a338522f098745f375a5ce429e
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38477
Reviewed-by: Daniel Carvalho <odanrc@yahoo.com.br>
Maintainer: Gabe Black <gabe.black@gmail.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

arch-riscv: fix MIE csr register setting bugs

Any changes on xIE bits changes should trigger the updating
of CSR register. The old condition is wrongly reversed.

The fix is verified in FS.

Jira Issue: https://gem5.atlassian.net/browse/GEM5-855

Change-Id: Ia2c6d3fbfd24d7f9d23f7cfa6f25f893544f4157
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38578
Reviewed-by: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Ayaz Akram <yazakram@ucdavis.edu>
Maintainer: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

ext: googletest: upgrade to googletest 1.10

Upgrade googletest to 1.10
upstream commit: 703bd9caab50b139428cea1aaff9974ebee5742e
tag: release-1.10.0

sha1sum c4bb446ee3f8a730168097f44c31c90b62c63287 generated by command:
find . -type f ! -name SConscript ! -path "./.git/*" ! -name ".*" -print0 \
| sort -z | xargs -0 sha1sum | sha1sum

Change-Id: I6500e13e9c094efd99ebc72b3ae564861e67c159
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38577
Reviewed-by: Gabe Black <gabe.black@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Bobby R. Bruce <bbruce@ucdavis.edu>
Maintainer: Bobby R. Bruce <bbruce@ucdavis.edu>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

scons: Fix the scons script failing to install git hooks

A recent change,
https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38616,
removed the 'root' environment variable, while the git hooks
installation script relies on the variable. This commit
addresses this problem.

Change-Id: I2d27861794021a6a60ef8668461e4127cb1db261
Signed-off-by: Hoa Nguyen <hoanguyen@ucdavis.edu>
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38655
Reviewed-by: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Maintainer: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

mem-cache: Generate error on compression misconfiguration

Compressed caches must use the compressed tags, otherwise a
seg fault will be generated. Besides, if no compressor is
assigned; yet compressed tags are used, data is not compressed.

Generate an error for the first case, and a warning for the
second.

Change-Id: Iac5474ed919163ce38a8c4e8efd9727e5b3d8417
Signed-off-by: Daniel R. Carvalho <odanrc@yahoo.com.br>
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38635
Reviewed-by: Nikos Nikoleris <nikos.nikoleris@arm.com>
Maintainer: Nikos Nikoleris <nikos.nikoleris@arm.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

mem-ruby: Update stats style for SimpleNetwork

Change-Id: I7d54ed02d01a3811b41dce794e308b8b77576c92
Signed-off-by: Hoa Nguyen <hoanguyen@ucdavis.edu>
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38055
Reviewed-by: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Maintainer: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

sim: Update stats style of System and Process

Change-Id: I3af072a61a18f4fbba3f7d4b632c58501e7b7ae8
Signed-off-by: Hoa Nguyen <hoanguyen@ucdavis.edu>
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/37995
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>
Maintainer: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>

mem-ruby: Update stats of AbstractController and derived classes

This commit moves stats of AbstractController and its derived
classes to a Stats::Group struct.

Also, one of the controllers needs access to the ruby system profiler
stats, and Profiler's stats is now made public as a result.

Change-Id: Ibe04e33a6cf09b453564592d29293b354d0d33c9
Signed-off-by: Hoa Nguyen <hoanguyen@ucdavis.edu>
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38075
Reviewed-by: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Maintainer: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

mem-ruby: Move CacheMemory stats used in SLICC to a Stats group

This change moves some stats that are used in SLICC to a
separate Stats::Group.

In order to use stats in SLICC, new functions are added in
CacheMemory:
        - profileDemandHit()
        - profileDemandMiss()

The functions increase the corresponding stat by 1.

Change-Id: I52b6fefdf6579a49f626f2fca400641f90800017
Signed-off-by: Hoa Nguyen <hoanguyen@ucdavis.edu>
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/37815
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Tiago Mück <tiago.muck@arm.com>
Maintainer: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>

mem-ruby: Update stats style

This commit makes move stats from several classes in mem/ruby
to corresponding Stats::Group's.

For ruby's Profiler, additional changes are made: there are stats that
are profiled for each of RequestType, for each of MachineType, and for
each of combinations of RequestType and MachineType. The current naming
scheme is ...<stat_name>.<request_type_name>.<machine_type_name>. To make
it easier for stats parser to know whether the stat is of RequestType, or
is of MachineType, or is of (RequestType, MachineType), a prefix is added
as follows,
...<meta>.<stat_name>.<request_type_name>.<machine_type_name>
where <meta> is one of {RequestType, MachineType, RequestTypeMachineType}.

Another point of using this naming scheme is that the parser doesn't
need to know all of RequestType and MachineType.

Change-Id: I8b8bdd771c7798954f984d416f521e8eb42d01ed
Signed-off-by: Hoa Nguyen <hoanguyen@ucdavis.edu>
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/36478
Reviewed-by: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Maintainer: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

util: Add reviewers using account ID's when possible

Currently, there are some accounts that cannot be added as a
reviewer due to unknown conflicts associated with the email address.

This commit adds the ability for the bot to use
ReviewerInfo._account_id when possible, and to use email addresses
otherwise.

To reduce the number of queries to the server, a json file will be
created in .data/ to store known account ID's.

Change-Id: I9887bec12d14279e61119a615687a339e3f9c994
Signed-off-by: Hoa Nguyen <hoanguyen@ucdavis.edu>
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38236
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Maintainer: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>

python: Improve SimObject's warning when parent specified twice

SimObject outputs a warning when its parent is specified more than
once. The cause is most likely that there is unexpected param
specified in the constructor called in the Python interface.

This commit adds a note about this probable cause of this potential
error to the warning message.

Change-Id: I9b6bf5d5fb0c77bfdad5fde42e88f814e8a4b72b
Signed-off-by: Hoa Nguyen <hoanguyen@ucdavis.edu>
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38359
Maintainer: Bobby R. Bruce <bbruce@ucdavis.edu>
Reviewed-by: Jason Lowe-Power <power.jg@gmail.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

util: Force the m5 utility to be built using c++14.

Otherwise, the version of the standard being used will depend on the
version of the compiler, and may not build consistently on different
machines.

Change-Id: I3a031a2dfe97df3dd83926abb517781069c1c6a5
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/38216
Reviewed-by: Daniel Gerzhoy <daniel.gerzhoy@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Matt Sinclair <mattdsinclair@gmail.com>
Maintainer: Matt Sinclair <mattdsinclair@gmail.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

util: Break up some unit tests in the m5 utility.

Some unit tests for the inst and semi call types in the m5 utility were
too big and testing multiple scenarioes. This change breaks them up into
individual tests, like in the addr call type unit test.

Change-Id: I764d9edfbe4f6bdcc5907173247f7511c68aa1d0
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/36855
Reviewed-by: Daniel Carvalho <odanrc@yahoo.com.br>
Maintainer: Bobby R. Bruce <bbruce@ucdavis.edu>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

util: Use the std namespace for memcpy and memset in the m5 util.

The C++ versions of those functions are technically in the std
namespace, and while they may work without it (the C version leaking
through from somewhere?), they should still use it.

Change-Id: Ib53a7f0c41d7f5776221e7661c616ea51e8ed528
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/31834
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>
Maintainer: Bobby R. Bruce <bbruce@ucdavis.edu>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Carvalho <odanrc@yahoo.com.br>